Jean-Noël Consalès- Professor
- Professor (Full) at Lumière University Lyon 2
Jean-Noël Consalès
- Professor
- Professor (Full) at Lumière University Lyon 2
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90
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Introduction
Current institution
Publications
Publications (90)
L’imperméabilisation des sols est un phénomène très présent et croissant dans nos villes. Si le scellement des sols trouve historiquement sa justification dans des enjeux sanitaires, il répond aussi à des attentes très pratiques de mobilité et d’habitat, en lien avec l’urbanisation massive des territoires.
De façon paradoxale, les sols urbains, su...
Matrice première de constitution et d’évolution des tissus urbains, le réseau des rues
et des voies constitue un élément clé de la morphologie urbaine. Quasi inamovible dans sa structure topologique, celui-ci fait néanmoins l’objet de transformations régulières de ses usages, statuts et configurations spatiales, en fonction de l’évolution des parad...
While the international presence of the Japanese garden bears witness to the dissemination of models in landscape architecture, it also raises the question of the diversity of its territorial variations. This article looks at the forms taken by this characteristic style of garden in a Mediterranean context. The harshness of the Mediterranean climat...
Although recent projects and landscape architecture designs attempt to address a variety of environmental issues relating to food autonomy, cooling, and water management, it is clear that they still give little consideration to the multifunctionality of urban soils regarding biomass, the water cycle, carbon storage, and biodiversity, and their role...
chapitre de l'ouvrage de notice https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03829916
Cet article explore les variations de la notion de « local » à partir des pratiques et des discours d’acteurs divers impliqués dans des projets portant sur l’agriculture et l’alimentation. En suivant les divers modes de représentation du local – des discours des acteurs aux textes d’urbanisme – et les pratiques qui les mettent en œuvre, les auteurs...
En confrontant l’expérience de trois générations de responsables pédagogiques, le présent article se propose de revenir sur près de trente ans d’existence d’une lignée de formations en matière de paysagisme d’aménagement en collaboration entre Aix-Marseille université et l’École nationale supérieure de paysage Versailles-Marseille : le DESS Paysage...
Metropolisation leads to the physical, functional, and symbolic integration of urban natural areas. In this context, can metropolitan mountains be considered vast public parks in their own right, adapting to new scales of functionality within their territory? To tackle this question, we carried out a questionnaire-based survey among local residents...
Since two decades, urban agriculture has been booming and a wide range of forms, from urban allotment gardens to rooftop farming under greenhouse, is developing. Various benefits are recognized for urban agriculture integration within the city and a specific consideration is dedicated to ecosystem services. In this article, we have focused on cultu...
PurposeUrban soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the foremost challenges for urban soil quality, especially in the urban agriculture context. Urban gardening is a common practice in many industrialized and developing countries. How sources of soil contamination relate to inputs and influence the heavy metal content in soils, however, is no...
En tant que dynamique territoriale et urbaine, le métropolisation participe de l’intégration physique, fonctionnelle et symbolique d’espaces naturels autrefois résiduels au sein de vastes ensembles urbains interconnectés. C’est dans ce contexte de métropolisation des espaces naturels (Decoupigny, 2007) que vient s'insérer le présent rapport. Issue...
Urban micro-farms are rapidly developping driven by NGOs and supported by citizen and local politics. This new object of research was defined in two different contexts: urban and peri-urban/rural environments (Daniel 2019; Morel et al. 2017). In urban environments micro-farm are small scale farms (less than 1.5EFT per ha), involving often volunteer...
Dans le cadre de l’élaboration du SCoT de la Métropole Aix-Marseille-Provence, les architectes-urbanistes ont proposé de mettre en oeuvre une approche sensible de la planification, à travers un nouvel outil appelé « motifs ».
Purpose
Given their increasing importance, soils should be considered as valuable resources by those involved in urban planning. Indeed, soils are expected to be multifunctional in order both to ensure sustainable development of human societies and to resist major environmental issues. Through the study of planning documents, this article describes...
The world human population is more and more urban and cities have a strong impact on the biosphere. This explains the development of urban ecology. In this context, the goal of our work is fourfold: to describe the diversity of scientific questions in urban ecology, show how these questions are organized, to assess how these questions can be built...
Souvent bâtie sur les milieux les plus riches et favorables à la vie, le long de fleuves, sur des espaces naturels diversifiés ou agricoles, la ville est un milieu entièrement construit et entretenu par l'Homme qui subit des modifications rapides et brutales engendrant une mosaïque de milieux différents. Les sols, y sont maintes fois remaniés, dést...
Based on an analysis of historical archives and long-term monitoring of the situation in the city, this article proposes a geo-historical interpretation of collective gardens in Marseille. It identifies the ideas that, at national and local levels, bring about the changes in these gardens, the stakeholders who are involved in them and the urban spa...
The purpose of this article is to understand how collective gardens are taken into account in French urban planning. To do this, it proposes a review of the law relating to collective gardens. In this regard, it notes its lack of efficiency. Focused on allotment gardens, the law is incapable of translating realities in constant evolution. Based on...
Article publié dans la revue Jardins de France N°651, Septembre 2018 (SNHF 2018) - https://www.jardinsdefrance.org/necessaire-prise-compte-de-qualite-sols-de-lair-de-leau/
L’éclatement des formes d’agricultures urbaines, et plus particulièrement des jardins collectifs, résulte d’attentes sociales, économiques et écologiques de plus en plus diversi...
Urban soils need to be taken into account by city managers to tackle the major urban environmental issues. As other soils in forest or agricultural environments, urban soils provide a wide range of ecosystem services. However, their contribution remains poorly assessed up to now, and as a result there is a strong lack of consideration by urban plan...
On the basis of a survey carried out in Marseille involving 42 people, the aim of the present article is to show that community gardens are today real landscaping projects, that is projects aimed at the ‘landscaping’ of a site. After describing the dynamic that they trigger in the low-income neighbourhoods of the city, it decrypts the project proce...
Une enquête pluridisciplinaire a été réalisée sur des jardins partagés à parcelles individuelles des quartiers Nord de Marseille, quartiers très défavorisés sur le plan socio-économique. L’enquête a été réalisée grâce à des financements publics. Les participants étaient recrutés sur la base du volontariat, sans contrepartie financière, le seul crit...
Alors que le jardin collectif, partagé ou familial, peut être perçu comme un aménagement à moindre coût, comme une démarche spontanée de réappropriation de l’espace par des citoyens ou encore comme un objet politique naïf, cet article montre qu’il s’agit d’un projet, processus social et technique plus complexe qui cristallise divers enjeux politiq...
Soils, as ecosystems provide services that are also called ecosystem services. In the context of natural resources preservation, urban soils are expected to be multifunctional and to provide high level of ecosystem services (e.g. vegetation support, building support, flood control).
Therefore, there is a need for urban planners to take into account...
Soils, as ecosystems provide services that are also called ecosystem services. In the context of
natural resources preservation, urban soils are expected to be multifunctional and to provide
high level of ecosystem services (e.g. vegetation support, building support, flood control).
Therefore, there is a need for urban planners to take into account...
Social inequalities in diet are attributed to sociocultural determinants, economic constraints, and unequal access to healthy food. Fruits and vegetables are lacking in the diets of disadvantaged populations. The objective was to test the hypothesis that, in poor neighborhoods, community gardeners will have larger supply of healthy food, especially...
Introduction et but de l’etude
Rencontre, contact a la nature, production sont quelques-unes des fonctions offertes par les jardins associatifs urbains. En quartiers d’habitat social, ils pourraient faciliter la consommation de legumes frais, souvent delaisses du fait de contraintes economiques et de conditions de vie difficiles. Dans le cadre du p...
This article studies the relationships between allotment gardens and the notion of biodiversity. To do so, it compares two levels of analysis. On the national level, it shows that biodiversity is an integral part of the strategy developed by the National Federation of Allotment and Community Gardens (in French Fédération nationale des jardins famil...
Si la recherche s’est emparée des enjeux environnementaux urbains, elle est restée traversée par des enjeux disciplinaires et adopte la plupart du temps une approche sectorielle, voire techno-centrée des environnements urbains. Cet ouvrage présente au contraire une démarche de recherche radicalement interdisciplinaire, et associant les acteurs de t...
This article studies the relationships between allotment gardens and the notion of biodiversity. To do so, it compares two levels of analysis. On the national level, it shows that biodiversity is an integral part of the strategy developed by the National Federation of Allotment and Community Gardens (in French Fédération nationale des jardins famil...
Dans les zones urbaines, les sols représentent une ressource méconnue et un enjeu essentiel car ils font l’objet de changements très rapides d’affectation et d’utilisation (e.g. activités urbaines et industrielles, espaces verts, jardinage, maraîchage et agriculture). Le redéploiement urbain sur des sites de friches urbaines et industrielles est un...
The multifunctional character of urban agriculture is widely recognized both in Northern and in Southern countries. But, who are urban farmers? A literature review suggests two categories which co-exist: poor farmers who practice subsistence farming in developing countries, and gardeners who farm as a hobby in industrialized countries. In this arti...
Dans le cadre de publications a vocation scientifique, le chercheur est rarement autorise a se poser au centre de sa propre analyse, a devenir le sujet de sa propre reflexion. Dans ses ecrits, une regle tacite lui interdit de parler de lui, d’evoquer son parcours et ses trajectoires, de decrire ses impressions et ses sentiments, d’interroger les er...
The Rise of Urban Agriculture: an Epiphenomenon or a Slow Revolution ?
Urban agriculture seems to make a comeback in cities of Northern countries. Public, private, associative and also entrepreneurial initiatives are spreading. The enthusiasm accompanying the development of these initiatives is quite broad about the range of services provided: food...
http://isidoredd.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/documents/Temis/0084/Temis-0084326/22528.pdf
This paper proposes a re-reading of the question of the nature in the city through the emerging environmental paradigms questioning the old dichotomy wild / artificial. From a case study, Marseilles, a French Mediterranean city, interdisciplinary analysis articulating sociology and geography reveals how new modes of urban and suburban nature manage...
Applied to urban territories, the green way highlights biodiversity-related issues within environmental development projects. The present article is an attempt to evaluate the local applications of this nationwide policy, by assessing the project in Marseille opposite to the potential green way of the territory. It stresses the key role that the ur...
The AMAP, Association for the Preservation of traditional farming, a French form of, Community-supported agriculture, which developed in the region of Marseilles are a specific form of SYAL, localized Food System. The birth of the system is marked by the key role of urban associations of consumers; the problem of organic certification; and the soci...
Les AMAP soutiennent l’agriculture paysanne et la relocalisation du circuit alimentaire de la production à la consommation. On parle d’agriculture locale et de mise en place d’une proximité favorable au lien social. La territorialité exprimée et revendiquée est alors le garant d’un échange plus équitable en permettant d’établir des liens de confian...
The 2006 Law reforms the status, spatial organization and functioning of National Parks. The Law is aimed at favouring their social and political acceptance, and is therefore geared at giving new impetus to the creation of parks that has stagnated for the past thirty years. However, communes are turning out to be higly circumspect of a law that app...
Les textes proposes sont scindes en trois parties. La premiere permet d’approcher l’evolution de la notion de terroir, d’une conception naturaliste (geologie, sol, climat…), de type vidalien (R. Courtot) a une conception qui fait du terroir une construction sociale d’ou l’importance de la gouvernance des terroirs (J.-C. Hinnewinkel). Si aujourd’hui...
As important coastal sites on the urban fringe, the Calanques Massif and the Pointe des Châteaux benefit from the same measures of protection. Numerous pressures that weigh on these remarkable natural spaces tend to be limited in the latter. The steps undertaken in the Calanques Massif move up from a local to national scale, whereas the one put in...
L’histoire des jardins familiaux s’inscrit dans l’évolution beaucoup plus générale des rapports rural/ urbain, ville/ agriculture et société urbaine/ nature. S’appuyant sur les exemples des groupes de potagers à Marseille, Gênes et Barcelone, la présente contribution retrace cent ans d’ «agriculture urbaine » dans l’arc méditerranéen. Se dessine ai...
Given that urban agriculture is potentially at stake, allotments in Marseille, Genoa and Barcelona struggle to assert themselves in complex urban contexts. Consequently, their real function seems mitigated : whilst their social role is often over estimated, their environmental and landscaped significance remains largely neglected.
Launched in 1992 as part of a wide-scale partnership (city council, the agricultural profession and public services), Aubagne’s agricultural charter aims at maintaining and developing periurban agriculture. It is grounded on two axes, the first based on land registry, the second on economic issues. It is presented these days either as a role-model...
In Marseilles, allotsments and leisure gardens have established themselves as the witnesses of urbanization. So, after having been necessary elements for the suburbs between 1900 and 1945, they became plots of lands reserved for urbanization between 1945 and 1975. Today, they appear as symbols of the new interest towards agriculture in the outskirt...
