Jean-Marie Robine

• French Institute of Health and Medical Research

Le nombre de décès aux très grands âges a considérablement augmenté dans les deux dernières décennies. Le décompte exact de ces décès que documente la base de données internationale sur la longévité n’est établi qu’après un processus strict de validation de l’âge. Ce sont essentiellement des femmes qui atteignent ces grands âges. Les supercentenair...

Background Although the global chronic morbidity indicator (GCMI) of the Minimum European Health Module (MEHM) was not specifically designed to monitor chronic disease in the population, it is increasingly used for this purpose in Europe and elsewhere. However, its metrological characteristics have seldom been examined, with various sensitivity iss...

It is long observed that females tend to live longer than males in nearly every country. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that genetic associations with longevity are on average stronger in females than in males through bio-demographic analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset of 2178...

Background Daily time-series regression models are commonly used to estimate the lagged nonlinear relation between temperature and mortality. A major impediment to this type of analysis is the restricted access to daily health records. The use of weekly and monthly data represents a possible solution unexplored to date. Methods We temporally aggre...

Background: The epidemiological investigation and surveillance of disability requires well-constructed, invariant, and, if possible, exchangeable measures. However, the current or recommended measures have not been thoroughly investigated with respect to these issues. Here we examined the dimensional structure and invariance of four measures acros...

Background: Mortality amongst nursing home (NH) residents increased by 43% during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We estimated the 'contextual effect' on mortality, tried to explain it by NH characteristics and identified resident- and NH-level risk factors for mortality. Methods: The contextual effect was measured for two...

Over 70,000 excess deaths occurred in Europe during the summer of 2003. The resulting societal awareness led to the design and implementation of adaptation strategies to protect at-risk populations. We aimed to quantify heat-related mortality burden during the summer of 2022, the hottest season on record in Europe. We analyzed the Eurostat mortalit...

Background: The debate about limits to the human life span is often based on outcomes from mortality at the oldest ages among longevity pioneers. To this day, scholars disagree on the existence of a late-life plateau in human mortality. Amid various statistical analysis frameworks, the parametric proportional hazards model is a simple and valuable...

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by successive waves that each developed differently over time and through space. We aim to provide an in-depth analysis of the evolution of COVID-19 mortality during 2020 and 2021 in a selection of countries. Methods We focus on five European countries and the United States. Using standardised and a...

Daylight saving time (DST) consists in a one-hour advancement of legal time in spring offset by a backward transition of the same magnitude in fall. It creates a minimal circadian misalignment that could disrupt sleep and homoeostasis in susceptible individuals and lead to an increased incidence of pathologies and accidents during the weeks immedia...

National authorities publish COVID-19 death counts, which are extensively re-circulated and compared; but data are generally poorly sourced and documented. Academics and stakeholders need tools to assess data quality and to track data-related discrepancies for comparability over time or across countries. “The Demography of COVID-19 Deaths” database...

Importance Although research has shown that centenarians tend to experience shorter periods of serious illness compared with other age groups, few studies have focused on the medical expenditures of centenarians as a potential indicator of the scale of medical resources used in their last year of life. Objective To compare Japanese centenarians’ a...

Background Europe has emerged as a major climate change hotspot, both in terms of an increase in seasonal averages and climate extremes. Projections of temperature-attributable mortality, however, have not been comprehensively reported for an extensive part of the continent. Therefore, we aim to estimate the future effect of climate change on tempe...

L’urgence que représente la compréhension de la pandémie de Covid-19 a entraîné des différences considérables entre les procédures de collecte des données des pays concernés, qui s’efforcent tous de produire des informations en temps réel mais qui restent des statistiques de mortalité imparfaites. Pour remédier à ce problème, l’analyse porte sur le...

Background: The objectives were to assess the excess deaths among Nursing Home (NH) residents during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine their part in the total excess deaths and whether there was a mortality displacement. Methods: We studied a cohort of 494,753 adults in 6,515 NHs in France exposed to COVID-19 pandemic (from Marc...

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22613-2

Importance: Nursing home (NH) residents are particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lethality. However, excess deaths in this population have rarely been documented. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the number of excess deaths among NH residents during the first wave of the COVID-19 pa...

The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to exhaustively identify cases of French supercentenarians and semi-supercentenarians and to validate their alleged age at death. Secondly, it seeks to uncover careful patterns and trends in probabilities of death and life expectancy at very old ages in France. We use three sets of data wit...

In this chapter, we use censuses, lists of centenarians, and vital statistics to describe the demography of centenarians, defined as the group of people who are 100 years old or older. We also refer to the group of people between the ages of 105 and 109 as semi-supercentenarians. Finally, we refer to those individuals who reach the age of 110 and b...

Objectives To measure the use of healthcare services and assistive devices by centenarians in five countries. Design Cross-sectional study using a survey questionnaire. Setting Community-dwelling and institutionalised centenarians living in Japan, France, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark. Participants 1253 participants aged 100 or in their 100th...

This handbook presents global research on health expectancies, a measure of population health that examines the interaction between quantity and quality of life. With data from Europe, North America, Asia, and beyond, it explains how to define and measure health and morbidity and how to integrate these measurements with mortality. Coverage first hi...

European women live longer, but they experience more old age-related disability than men. Disability is related to social factors, among which is poverty, through various pathways. While women’s poverty has been pointed up as a challenge for Europe, our study investigates to what extent and in which countries a greater exposure to economic hardship...

Background: The 122 years and 164 days age claim of Jeanne Calment, the world oldest person who died in 1997, is the most thoroughly validated age claim. Recently the claim that families Calment and Billot organized a conspiracy concerning tax fraud based on identity fraud between mother and daughter gained international media attention. Methods:...

Human longevity is heritable, but genome-wide association (GWA) studies have had limited success. Here, we perform two meta-analyses of GWA studies of a rigorous longevity phenotype definition including 11,262/3484 cases surviving at or beyond the age corresponding to the 90th/99th survival percentile, respectively, and 25,483 controls whose age at...

Background: Compared to men, women live longer but have more years with disability. We assessed the contribution of gender differences in mortality and disability, total and by cause, to women's excess unhealthy life years (ULYs). Methods: We used mortality data for France 2008 from Eurostat, causes of death from the CépiDc-INSERM-database; and...

Background Many studies have been conducted to investigate risk factors of falls in older people, but little is known about falls among centenarians. We analyzed the cross-sectional data from the 5-COOP to investigate the prevalence and correlates of falls among centenarians. Methods Data collection was carried out in 2011- 2014 in Japan, France,...

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential elements of the human diet, which display increased plasma levels in obesity and regained particular interest as potential biomarkers for development of diabetes. To define determinants of insulin resistance (IR) we investigated 73 genes involved in BCAA metabolism or regulation by fine-scale haplotyp...

Gene candidates (n = 79) for the study of BCAA metabolism in MetS. After exclusion, there were 73 genes included in the genetic study. Genes absent from MEDISCOPE GeneChip and excluded from the study are indicated in grey; Genes for which imputation procedure failed are indicated in bold (PDF)

Association of 104 SNPs with IR in four genomic regions in French and Romanians. Significant SNPs after Bonferroni and/or FDR corrections are indicated in S4 Table. aFor intergenic SNPs, the closest upstream or downstream genes are indicated; bTested allele; cStatistical significance assessed by logistic regression using basic model; Chr, chromosom...

Haploreg analysis of SNPs effective on IR and/or BCAA. Transcription factor binding motifs changes are indicated for each individual SNPs associated with IR (S5 Table) and/or individual BCAA plasma level (Correlation Trend Test). SNPs are indicated in corresponding haplotypes effective on IR and/or BCAA as shown in Tables 2–4. (DOCX)

The most significant short (4 SNPs) haplotypes associated with insulin resistance from sliding window. The sliding window was applied to imputed SNPs in French and Romanian populations using a windowing of 4 SNPs. Positive associated haplotypes were classified by P-significant value (Bonferroni correction was not applied). The most significant hits...

The most significant associated SNPs with IR in French and Romanians and replication extended to other Mediterranean populations. Genomic regions were identified by sliding window and corresponding SNPs were tested independently for association with IR. P-values of all 104 SNPs are indicated in S5 Table. aThe closest upstream or downstream genes ar...

Clinical and laboratory features of MetS and control subjects in French population. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Controls and MetS groups were compared using Mann-Whitney test for numerical variable and χ2 for nominal variable. a, NA stands for non applicable, NS stands for non-significant; b, In defining hyperglycemia, hypertension, high trig...

Association of haplotypes with BCAA plasma levels in French population. BCAA plasma levels (μmol/L) were evaluated in French population between non-carriers and carriers in ANOVA. Significant values are indicated in bold and statistical significance levels as * for P < 5 x 10−2 and ** for P < 5 x 10−3. aAssociation of each haplotype with IR (direct...

Correlation between total plasma BCAA levels and insulin resistance in French population. Left panel, correlation between BCAA levels and HOMAIR index of insulin resistance. Right panel, correlation between BCAA levels and insulin sensitivity index SI. Predicted HOMAIR index values were calculated from body mass index (BMI) and residuals indicated...

Phenotype features of patients with and without insulin resistance for genetic study. aControls and IR groups were compared using Mann-Whitney test for numerical variable and χ2 for nominal variables; bIn defining hyperglycemia, hypertension, high triglycerides and low HDL nominal variable, treatment of pre-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, high blood pre...

Reconstruction of haplotypes with PHASE 2.1 program and association (χ2 test) with insulin resistance from HAPLOVIEW. Genomic regions are indicated in the text and the LD blocking structure is depicted in Fig 2. Only frequent (> 0.1) and significant associated haplotypes are indicated in Table 2. (PDF)

Previous studies have consistently shown the recurrent relationship between macroeconomic cycles and changes in mortality trends, so that recessions are generally associated with periods of faster life expectancy rise, and periods of economic growth with slower reductions or even increases in mortality trends. Here we analyze the link between annua...

Older people use more drugs than any other age group. The prescription strategy constitutes a major challenge. Polypharmacy, inappropriate prescribing and drug-related problems in older people are important problem of public health as a link exists with significant morbidity and mortality and with a large waste of health resources. The main target...

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging - edited by Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros January 2019

Background In 2005, the European Union (EU) started to use a disability-free life expectancy, known as Healthy Life Years (HLY), to monitor progress in the strategic European policies such as the 2000 Lisbon strategy. HLY are based on the underlying measure: the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI). Twelve years after its implementation, thi...

eAppendix. Supplementary Material eReferences eTable 1. Sample Size and Ages of the Sex-Specific CLHLS GWAS Datasets eTable 2. The 11 Male-Specific Pathways Significantly Enriched and Associated With Longevity (P<0.005 and FDR<0.05) and the Significant Genes in These Pathways eTable 3. The 34 Female-Specific Pathways Significantly Enriched and As...

Background: Women report more disability than men perhaps due to gender differences in the prevalence of diseases and/or in their disabling impact. We compare the contribution of chronic diseases to disability in men and women in France, using a disability survey conducted in both private households and institutions, and we also examine the effect...

Background: The global number of centenarians is still strongly growing and information about the health and healthcare needs of this segment of the population is needed. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty among centenarians included in a multinational study and to investigate associated factors. Methods: The 5-COOP study is...

Background: We aimed to investigate the contribution of chronic conditions to gender differences in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and life expectancy with disability (LED) in Belgium in 2001, 2004 and 2008. Methods: Data on disability and chronic conditions from participants of the 2001, 2004 and 2008 Health Interview Surveys in Belgium...

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. This study aimed at assessing the impact of smoking on life expectancy (LE) and LE with (LED) and without disability (DFLE). We further estimated the contribution of disability and mortality and their causes to differences in LED and DFLE by smoking. Methods: Data on...

The screening of frailty can trigger interventions aiming to delay disability in older people. Whereas the prevalence, the consequences, and the factors associated with frailty are well described, little is known about the duration of the state of frailty. This study aimed to estimate the time spent in the state of frailty in men and women using th...