Jean-Marie Mouchel

• Professor (Full) at Sorbonne University

Hydrograph separation procedures aim to separate the baseflow and quickflow components of streamflow. Although widely used, these procedures are considered arbitrary, as they are mostly based on sheer geometrical or mathematical concepts and involve only streamflow data. Because the in-stream chemical concentrations are known to be valuable indicat...

La baignade est une activité récréative phare de la saison estivale. Ses aspects sanitaires, essentiellement d’origine microbiologique, sont cadrés par une réglementation qui s’est renforcée depuis 2006. En conséquence, la baignade en milieu urbain est un défi à l’approche des jeux Olympiques de Paris en 2024, alors que le fleuve emblématique de la...

Seine Aval (SAV) est la plus grande usine de traitement des eaux usées (STEU) européenne. Le 3 juillet 2019, un incendie s’est déclaré au niveau de l’unité de clarifloculation dédiée à l’élimination du phosphore et d’une partie des matières en suspension (MES). En conséquence, la capacité hydraulique de traitement de l’usine a été diminuée et le ph...

The Obépine project (OBservatoire EPIdémiologique daNs les Eaux usées) has brought together research teams with a variety of skills (virology, mathematics, hydrology, infectiology) to evaluate the relevance of a quantification for SARS-CoV-2 genomes and its variants in wastewater, to provide a new element for monitoring the COVID-19 epidemic. We ha...

The combination of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) has clear advantages for the future sustainable quality and quantity management of groundwater, especially when using treated wastewater. We built a Marthe flow and transport model of an MAR–SAT system located in a near-shore sand aquifer, for quantifying the influe...

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, new variants have continuously emerged and spread in populations. Among these, variants of concern (VOC) have been the main culprits of successive epidemic waves, due to their transmissibility, pathogenicity or ability to escape the immune response. Quantification of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes in raw wastewater is a re...

Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) can provide supplementary treatment of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) such as pharmaceutical and industrial compounds present in Secondary Treated Wastewater (STWW). Concern on presence of unregulated TrOCs in natural systems has raised recently as well as the interest in SAT systems for remediation. The present study...

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, new variants have continuously emerged and spread in populations. Among these, variants of concern (VOC) have been the main culprits of successive epidemic waves, due to their transmissibility, pathogenicity or ability to escape the immune response. Quantification of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes in raw wastewater is a re...

Recent studies have shown that passive sampling is a promising tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) application. We have previously developed passive sampling of viruses using polymer membranes in seawater. Even though SARS-CoV-2 was not detected yet in seawater, passive sampling could be optimized for future applic...

A sentinel network, Obépine, has been designed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewaters arriving at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in France as an indirect macro-epidemiological parameter. The sources of uncertainty in such a monitoring system are numerous, and the concentration measurements it provides are left-censored and contain out...

The uses of bivalve molluscs in environmental biomonitoring have recently gained momentum due to their ability to indicate and concentrate human pathogenic microorganisms. In the context of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, the objective of this study was to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid genome can be detected in zeb...

The Seine River and its basin (70 000 km², 500 m³/s mean annual discharge) are studied since 1989 by an interdisciplinary research programme (https://www.piren-seine.fr/). The river receives the effluents of about 17 M inhab (70% from Paris conurbation) and from industries. Intensive agriculture using agrochemicals is another cause of water quality...

The Seine River and its basin (70 000 km2, 500 m3/s mean annual discharge) are studied since 1989 by an interdisciplinary research programme (https://www.piren-seine.fr/). The river receives the effluents of about 17 M inhab (70% from Paris conurbation) and from industries. Intensive agriculture using agrochemicals is another cause of water quality...

SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus causing a globalized outbreak called COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is associated with inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets and could causes severe complications. Until today several “waves” of infections have been observed despite implementation of strict health policies. Decisions for such sanitary measur...

Les épidémies nécessitent un suivi d’indicateurs fiables et pertinents, afin d’éclairer les prises de décisions sanitaires. Durant la pandémie de SARS-CoV-2, le suivi de la dynamique virale au sein de la population par les approches individu-centrées s’est révélé complexe et fortement influencé par les porteurs asymptomatiques et les modifications...

Concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships are widely used to assess the link between hydrological and biogeochemical processes at the catchment scale. C–Q relationships are mainly calibrated using mono-objective methods to represent, either concentrations or discharge-weighted concentrations (i.e., load). Based on its wide use in hydrological mod...

Since many infected people experience no or few symptoms, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is frequently monitored through massive virus testing of the population, an approach that may be biased and may be difficult to sustain in low-income countries. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in stool samples, quantifying SARS-CoV-2 genome by RT-qPCR in wastewat...

Le consortium de recherche Obépine (Observatoire Épidémiologique dans les Eaux Usées) s’est attaché, depuis mars 2020, à exploiter la présence du SARS-CoV-2 dans les eaux usées pour proposer un suivi épidémiologique de la COVID-19 en France. Bien que l’épidémiologie des eaux usées soit une discipline déjà ancienne, elle n’a jamais connu de déploiem...

Since many infected people experience no or few symptoms, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is frequently monitored through massive virus testing of the population, an approach that may be biased and may be difficult to sustain in low-income countries. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in stool samples, quantifying SARS-CoV-2 genome by RT-qPCR in WWTPs ha...

A sentinel network, Obépine, has been designed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewaters arriving at several tens of wastewater treatment plants in France as an indirect macro-epidemiological parameter. The sources of uncertainty in such monitoring system are numerous and the concentration measurements it provides are left-censored and conta...

High concentrations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome have been described in wastewater and sewage sludge. It raises the question of the security of land sludge disposal practices during a pandemic. This study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2's resistance to the main inactivating factors in sludge treatments, pH and...

The uses of bivalve molluscs in environmental biomonitoring have recently gained momentum due to their ability to indicate and concentrate human pathogenic microorganisms. In the context of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, the objective of this study was to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid genome can be detected in zeb...

En France, le réseau OBÉPINE – un consortium interdisciplinaire regroupant des équipes de l’Ifremer, de Sorbonne Université, de l’Université de Lorraine, de l’IRBA et d’Eau de Paris – s’est construit à partir de mars 2020 et réalise depuis lors, sur fonds publics du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (MESRI),...

The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a public health emergency of international concern. Although SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be mainly transmitted by inhalation of contaminated droplets and aerosols, SARS-CoV-2 is also detected in human fa...

Since the end of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has experienced a major turning point with the appearance and rapid spread of new variants, causing a significant increase in the number of new cases requiring hospitalization. These so-called UK, South African or Brazilian variants are characterized by combinations of mutations which allow them to be di...

High-frequency chemical measurements in streamwater give detailed information on the different hydrochemical processes occurring in the catchment. They can provide clues about the end-members (water sources) whose mixing produces the ionic stream concentrations observed. To identify and quantify the end-members and their respective contribution to...

The aim of the present study was to develop a simple, sensitive, and specific approach to quantifying the SARS-CoV-2 genome in wastewater and to evaluate this approach as a means of epidemiological surveillance. Twelve wastewater samples were collected from a metropolitan area in north-eastern France during April and May 2020. In addition to the qu...

The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a public health emergency of international concern. Although SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be mainly transmitted by inhalation of contaminated droplets and aerosols, SARS-CoV-2 is also detected in human fe...

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). People infected with SARS-CoV-2 may exhibit no or mild non-specific symptoms; thus, they may contribute to silent circulation of the virus among humans. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in stool samples, monitori...

Concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships are widely used to assess the link between hydrological and biogeochemical processes at catchment scale. They can be fitted to represent either concentrations or discharge-weighted concentrations (i.e., load). In this technical note, we test a multi-objective calibration using both concentration and load,...

Streamflow is the major factor influencing the evolution of solute concentration in river water and different modelling approaches exist to characterize the dependency of ion concentration to discharge: the simplest are based on measurable quantities (stream discharge and stream ion concentration) but do not allow for an explicit, physical, flow-pa...

Sedimentary archives provide long-term records of particulate-bound pollutants (e.g. trace metal elements, PAHs). We present the results obtained on a set of selected cores from alluvial deposits within the Seine River basin, integrating the entire area’s land uses upstream of the core location, collected upstream and downstream of Paris megacity a...

The Seine River basin (France) is representative of the large urbanised catchments (78,650 km²) located in Northwestern Europe. As such, it is highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and their associated emissions of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds, originating from household heating and road traffic,...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/698_2019_397

Ecotoxicology faces the challenge of monitoring the levels of an increasing number of chemicals on biota. While persistent pollutants have been largely studied, several pollutants are metabolized, especially by vertebrates. Despite the higher toxic potential of metabolites compared to their parent compounds, little attention has been given to metab...

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID-19. Most of SARS-CoV-2 carriers are assumed to exhibit no or mild non-specific symptoms. Thus, they may contribute to the rapid and mostly silent circulation of the virus among humans. Since SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in stool samples it has recently been proposed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters (WW...

This technical note deals with the mathematical representation of concentration–discharge relationships. We propose a two-sided affine power scaling relationship (2S-APS) as an alternative to the classic one-sided power scaling relationship (commonly known as “power law”). We also discuss the identification of the parameters of the proposed relatio...

HAL Id : hal-02404617, version 1 https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02404617 Vol 2

La compréhension de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des processus physiques influençant la température de l'eau et de ses flux de chaleur associés à l'interface nappe-rivière est importante pour mieux appréhender le fonctionnement biogéochimique et écologique. Un cas synthétique est développé pour caractériser le comportement de l'interface nappe...

La plaine alluviale de la Bassée, située en amont de la confluence entre la Seine et l’Yonne, est un territoire caracterisé par la nécessité de concilier des usages différents mais dont le fonctionnement hydro-biogéochimique reste largement méconnu. Parallèlement aux études de modélisation numérique présentées dans le chapitre 6, un système de suiv...

This technical note deals with the mathematical representation of concentration–discharge relationships. We propose a two-sided affine power scaling relationship (2S-APS) as an alternative to the classic one-sided power scaling relationship (commonly known as power law). We also discuss the identification of the parameters of the proposed relations...

Le mercredi 3 juillet 2019 vers 16h45, un incendie s’est déclaré sur l’unité de clarifloculation de la station d'épuration de Seine Aval du SIAAP (Yvelines). Les performances de traitement ont été temporairement dégradées pendant 3 jours ; impliquant un apport important de flux de matière organique et de nutriments dans le milieu naturel. Ces appor...

Many social-ecological system(SES)-based approaches have been proposed to address environmental problems. Most social-ecological frameworks developed to date, however, lack clear operational linkages between humans and nature to efficiently guide SESs toward resilience. A conceptual framework designed to be operational is therefore necessary, as we...

This Technical Note deals with the mathematical representation of concentration-discharge relationships and with the identification of its parameters. We propose a two-sided power transformation alternative to the classical log-log transformation, and a multicriterion identification procedure allowing determining parameters that are efficient, both...

Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by‐products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: PAHs, insecticides: pyrethroids and N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide: DEET) and legacy (organochlor...

This chapter presents the historical aspects regarding swimming in rivers in the Paris region since the seventeenth century, including the concept of fecal contamination indicator bacteria (FIBs) developed at the very beginning of the twentieth century, and historical contamination data covering more than one century in the Paris agglomeration. The...

The Seine River basin (France) is representative of the large urbanised catchments (78,650 km2) located in Northwestern Europe. As such, it is highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and their associated emissions of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds, originating from household heating and road traffic,...

Sedimentary archives provide long-term records of particulate-bound pollutants (e.g. trace metal elements, PAHs). We present the results obtained on a set of selected cores from alluvial deposits within the Seine River basin, integrating the entire area's land uses upstream of the core location, collected upstream and downstream of Paris megac...

Aims The purpose of this work is to present and evaluate the performance of a novel Automatic Lab‐in‐vial E. coli Remote Tracking (ALERT) technology based on an automated real‐time defined substrate approach, and implemented in both portable and in‐situ instruments. Methods and Results We present the fresh‐water calibration procedure, and assess p...

River quality trajectories are presented for (i) organic pollution, (ii) eutrophication, (iii) nitrate pollution, and (iv) metal contamination over the Longue Durée (130 to 70 years). They are defined by a quantified state indicator (S) specific to each issue, compared to drivers (D) or pressures (P) and to social responses (R) that reflect the com...

Fine sediment transport in rivers is exacerbated during flood events. These particles may convey various contaminants (i.e. metals, pathogens, industrial chemicals, etc.), and significantly impact water quality. The exceptional June 2016 flood of the Seine River (catchment area: 65 000 km2, France), potentially mobilized and deposited contaminated...

Ce fascicule « micropolluants organiques » porte sur les alkylphénols, le bisphénol A, les résidus pharmaceutiques avec un focus sur les antibiotiques et les composés perfluoroalkylés dans le bassin de la Seine. Il se structure en trois parties : (1) chapitre 1 : alkylphénols et bisphénol A, (2) résidus médicamenteux et antibiotiques, (3) composés...

En agglomération parisienne, les efforts consentis ces dernières décennies pour moderniser les stations d'épuration et optimiser le transport des eaux usées et pluviales dans les réseaux d'assainissement ont permis de réduire l'introduction de micro-organismes dans le milieu naturel. Cette réduction a conduit à une amélioration significative de la...

Understanding the temporal and spatial variations of the surface-subsurface water exchanges is a prerequisite to achieve sustainable water use in basin. The concept of nested stream-aquifer interfaces (Flipo et al., 2014) is used to simulate the variation of the spatio-temporal surface-subsurface exchanges at the watershed scale from LOcal MOnitori...

This paper focuses on soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) dynamics along a 225 km stretch of the Seine River, including the Paris urban area, for the 2007–2011 period. The impact of hydro-sedimentary processes on SRP concentrations and fluxes is estimated under various hydrological conditions. Sorption interaction parameters between SRP and suspended...

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons constitute a large family of hazardous contaminants that are mainly released into the environment by incomplete combustion of organic matter. In the Seine River (France), high concentrations of these compounds measured in the water bodies might prevent to meet the international environmental targets requested by EU...

The present study investigates for the first time the reduction of nitrite by biogenic hydroxycarbonate green rusts, bio-GR(CO3), produced from the bioreduction of ferric oxyhydroxycarbonate (Fohc), a poorly crystalline solid phase, and of lepidocrocite, a well-crystallized Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide mineral. Results show a fast Fe(II) production from Fo...

La matière organique dissoute [MaO) joue un rôle important dans la spéciation et la biodisponibilité des métaux traces. Cependant aucune information n'est actuellement disponible quant à l'influence des Mao issues du rejet de station d'épuration sur la biodisponibilité du cuivre. Une procédure d'extraction et de fractionnement de la MOD sur résines...

La lutte contre le réchauffement climatique est aujourd'hui une priorité nationale et l'objectif de division par 4 des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de la France à horizon 2050 ne pourra être atteint si les collectivités ne disposent pas d'un état des lieux de l'impact actuel sur le changement climatique de l'ensemble des services publics locau...

This paper addresses feasibility issues in the calculation of fluxes of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from degraded-quality data for flow discharge (Q) and sediment concentration (C) under the additional constraints of infrequent and irregular sediment concentration samplings. A crucial setting of the scope involves establishing the number of...

The microbiological quality of urban wastewaters presents important environmental, sanitary, and political challenges. However, the variability of untreated wastewater quality is seldom known when it comes to microbial parameters. This study aims to evaluate the variability of microbiological quality in wastewater influents from different wastewate...

Grâce à l’amélioration des traitements dans les stations d’épuration de la région parisienne par temps sec, les rejets urbains de temps de pluie (RUTP) sont aujourd’hui devenus, à l’échelle annuelle, la source prédominante de contaminants microbiens rejetés en Seine en région parisienne. Dans ces conditions, il est important d’améliorer nos connais...

L’objet de ce chapitre est de montrer jusqu’à quel point deux systèmes de référence, scientifique et politique, peuvent être hybridés pour penser une gestion des milieux aquatiques dans un contexte d’incertitude. La démarche adoptée dans cette étude s’appuie notamment sur les réflexions de Fleck (1935) s’agissant des collectifs de pensée. Notre hyp...

Soil erosion is one of the major drivers of landscape evolution in Western Europe. However, depending on the land use characteristics and on the geological and topographical settings, miscellaneous forms of erosion may lead to a very diverse morphological evolution. A key element is the connection between the hillslope and the river. In this contex...

Knowledge of sediment exports from continental areas is essential for estimating denudation rates and biogeochemical cycles. However, the estimation of current sediment fluxes to the sea is often limited by the availability and quality of sediment discharge data. This study aims to quantify the relative contributions of French rivers to the sedimen...

Microbial quality of urban wastewater relates to several environmental, sanitary and political issues. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the variability of raw wastewater. Our study aims at evaluating the microbial variability of the influent of several wastewater treatment plants in the Paris area, as well as estimating this variabi...

Diffuse phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural lands to surface water contributes to eutrophication. It has increased attention in the last decades, notably due to a real improvement of water treatment from urban areas which induce a higher relative part of agricultural sources. Methodologies focusing on P transfer from agricultural areas to riv...