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Publications (53)
Metropolization is not a new phenomenon: metropolises have been around for centuries. The prime and permanent function of a metropolis is the coordination of economic activities at a world scale. This function has been applied to different activities in history, depending on technological conditions and economic organization, and consequently it ge...
Si l'on admet que l'analyse économique spatiale est l'analyse du fonctionnement de l'économie dans l'espace, l'analyse économique spatiale englobe et généralise toute l'analyse économique « traditionnelle ». Dans un domaine particulier, celui de l'économie du sol, la spatialisation donne naissance à 1'« économie de l'espace ». Bien sûr dès que l'on...
The integration of time and of space into economic theory have been unequal processes. Economists have spontaneously and almost invariably viewed the economy with a temporal dimension: economic agents calculate within a particular time frame, economic activities are transformed by innovation, production resources are accumulated, and dynamic proces...
L'objet de cet article est de tirer les conséquences logiques mais imprévues, en termes de justice sociale, de l'ensemble des présupposés des constructions utopiques. Dans les conditions généralement en vigueur dans les utopies urbaines qui revendiquent une certaine justice sociale combinant diversement égalité, équité et liberté, l'égalité est sus...
This paper revisits the relation between proximity and interactions, in the light of new thoughts on the concepts of proximity. We start from the idea that proximity, in the most general sense, reflects the easiness to interact. It results that: (1) proximity can be expressed in terms of costs; (2) different forms of proximity correspond to differe...
In search of lost centrality
The major changes of economic space organization seem to cast doubt over the concept of centrality and its applications, especially at the city, city network and global economy scales. Urban sprawl gives rise to a diffused or multiple centrality. Economic globalization reorganizes material and immaterial flows, and redi...
Bien que la région soit un concept multiforme, voire omniforme, le découpage régional est le cadre privilégié de la pensée spatiale et de l'action territoriale. Or la moitié des être humains du monde, et plus des trois quarts des européens, habitent dans une ville. Les villes produisent plus que proportionnellement à leur poids démographique, et co...
Pourquoi existe-t-il des villes ? Pourquoi les villes attirent, pourquoi elles repoussent ? D'où vient leur puissance économique ? Comment déchiffrer la croissance, l'étalement et la recomposition des villes ? Pourquoi sont-elles des lieux de communication, des portes ouvertes sur le monde ? Comment s'imposent les villes globales ? Ce livre propose...
Though the region is a multiform or even omniform concept, the concrete region is the privileged framework of spatial thought and action. Now half of the human beings in the world, and more than three quarters of Europeans live in cities. Cities produce more than proportionally to their population and concentrate high-order economic activities, esp...
La pluralité des centres Ordonnée aux rouages Des multiples systèmes Contrarie en nous Un leurre Fascination D'un possible seul Centre Pivot de tous les autres (André Verdet, L'obscur et l'ouvert) *Première version août 2007.
La plupart des mégapoles (villes de plus de 5 millions d'habitants) sont dans les pays classés par les Nations Unies comme « moins développés » et un très grand nombre d'entre elles n'ont pas ou qu'un rôle très faible sinon nul dans l'économie globale, alors que les villes globales se trouvent surtout dans les pays dits « plus développés » et ne so...
[eng] Transportation costs and monopoly location in presence of regional disparities. . This article aims at analysing the impact of the level of transportation costs on the location choice of a monopolist. We consider two asymmetric regions. The heterogeneity of space lies in both regional incomes and population sizes: the first region is endowed...
Present urban evolution is characterized by two major phenomena. On the one hand, the number of very large cities, the megacities, increases dramatically, especially in the less developed countries (LDCs). On the other hand, globalization leads to the emergence of cities coordinating complex and global economic activities, the global cities, especi...
The very existence of urban formations on all inhabited continents and throughout the history of mankind since the 3rd millennium B.C. leads to suppose a tendency of some structured societies to maximize interaction by minimizing physical distance. Were this tendency unconstrained, it should eventually lead to the concentration of all of the societ...
In a preceding paper (Louvain Economic Review), we define city globalization as the process by which a city gains the ability to coordinate complex economic activities at a global scale. The resulting “global cities†carry out the functions of design, decision and control in the global economy. However, the logic of city globalization is not uni...
Metropolization is not a new phenomenon : metropolises have been around for centuries. The prime and permanent function of a metropolis is the coordination of economic activities at a world scale. This function has been applied to different activities in history, depending on technological conditions and economic organization, and consequently it g...
[eng] Transportation costs and monopoly location in presence of regional disparities. . This article aims at analysing the impact of the level of transportation costs on the location choice of a monopolist. We consider two asymmetric regions. The heterogeneity of space lies in both regional incomes and population sizes: the first region is endowed...
[eng] Transportation costs and monopoly location in presence of regional disparities. . This article aims at analysing the impact of the level of transportation costs on the location choice of a monopolist. We consider two asymmetric regions. The heterogeneity of space lies in both regional incomes and population sizes: the first region is endowed...
A number of the world's large cities are taking on increasing economic importance in the international arenas because they concentrate high-order activities This metropolization process is a result of the changes occurring in the emerging post-industrial economy, i.e. the rise of services and information. It is based on the combination of proximity...
A number of the world's large cities are taking on increasing economic importance in the international arenas because they concentrate high-order activities such as research, innovation, finance and producer services, information and communication, and decision and control. This metropolization process is a result of the changes occurring in the em...
Modelling suburbanization
History of population and employment suburbanization, mainly in the United States, suggests three characteristics of the phenomenon. 1/ Suburbanization results in urban sprawl in such a way that population and employment increase more rapidly in the periphery than in the center. 2/ Suburbanization leads to the emergence of...
L'histoire de la suburbanisation de la population et de l'emploi, principalement aux Etats-Unis, permet d'identifier trois caractéristiques du phénomène. 1/ La suburbanisation se traduit par un étalement urbain tel que population et emploi s'accroissent plus en périphérie qu'au centre. 2/ La suburbanisation fait émerger de nouvelles concentrations...
Since the 1980s, we have observed an increasing tendency of specialized services like producer services to leave their " natural habitat " in the center of large metropolitan areas in order to relocate in suburban zones. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in North American cities and seems to be occurring around certain French cities too. Thi...
The primary aim of this paper is to show that " information matters " in shaping space and cities. This statement has both theoretical and empirical foundations. Theoretical reasoning, especially on the basis of economic geography modelling, is able to provide consistent and realistic explanations for the agglomeration of information using activiti...
Present-day city growth is chiefly the result of new tertiary activities such as financial and producer services, R&D, or business administration. It seems that these activities need to be more spatially concentrated than traditional manufacturing activities. These new trends affect both the structure of cities and the structure of city systems. Th...
De nombreuses institutions locales utilisent, dans de véritables opérations de marketing territorial, une analogie entre centre géographique et centre géométrique du cercle pour valoriser leur localisation. Il s'agit là d'une conception particulière et étroite d'une idée plus riche et plus insaisissable. Le concept de centre est une construction éc...
Von Thünen’s monocentric model is considered as one of the foundations of spatial economics. Most of its assumptions have been transfered from agricultural to urban space by New Urban Economics. This transposition gave new impetus both to the monocentric model and urban economics. Yet the urban monocentric model, because of its strong economic and...
Cities are a universal phenomenon which first appeared at several points around the planet after the Neolithic revolution (Bairoch, 1985) before spreading worldwide, growing and changing. The city-states of the ancient world, the fortified cities of the Middle Ages, the industrial cities of the 19th century and the world metropolises of the end of...
L'objet de cet article est le rapprochement de deux discours sur la ville dont l'un, celui de la microeconomie urbaine, est admis dans le domaine de la science tandis que l'autre, celui des utopies urbaines, en est exclu. Nous analysons les processus de pensee conduisant respectivement a la theorie et a l'utopie, puis nous confrontons les conceptio...
A comment about Watson-Gandy, C. D. T. 1972. A note on the centre of gravity in depot location. Management Sci. 18 (8, April) B 478-B 481.
