Jean-Marc Collard

Jean-Marc Collard
Institut Pasteur · Global Health

PhD
Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Unit

About

209
Publications
30,452
Reads
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5,081
Citations
Introduction
I am a senior scientist (PhD) with experience in bacteriology, molecular biology and public health. I headed several National Reference Centers in Brussels. I extended my expertise in the field of bacterial meningitis in Africa. I have worked in multi-centric studies in Madagascar addressing the incidence of community-acquired neonatal infections and the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Currently I am investigating the interaction of the gut bacterial ecosystemwith enteric diseases.
Additional affiliations
October 2020 - August 2022
Institut Pasteur of Shanghai
Position
  • Group Leader
September 2014 - September 2020
The Pasteur Institute of Madagascar
Position
  • Head of the Unit of Experimental Bacteriology
March 2008 - February 2013
Pasteur Network
Position
  • Head of the Biology Unit

Publications

Publications (209)
Article
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Background: Globally one out of four children under 5 years is affected by linear growth delay (stunting). This syndrome has severe long-term sequelae including increased risk of illness and mortality and delayed psychomotor development. Stunting is a syndrome that is linked to poor nutrition and repeated infections. To date, the treatment of stun...
Article
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Background: The Sahel region of West Africa has the highest bacterial meningitis attack and case fatality rate in the world. The effect of climatic factors on patterns of invasive respiratory bacterial disease is not well documented. Objective: We aimed to assess the link between climatic factors and occurrence of invasive respiratory bacterial...
Article
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Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide, with the highest burden in developing countries. We report the whole-genome sequencing analysis of 448 serotype 1 isolates from 27 countries worldwide (including 11 African). The global serotype 1 population shows a strong phylogeographic struct...
Article
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The epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in the African 'meningitis belt' is poorly studied. In order to ensure an effective vaccination strategy and post-vaccination surveillance, we examined the serotype distribution patterns of pneumococcal meningitis in Niger over the period 2003-2011. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from di...
Article
Meningococcocal meningitis represents an important cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan countries. Confirmatory bacteriological or molecular diagnosis is essential for patient management/treatment and meningitis surveillance, but many laboratory tests are expensive and rarely available for low-income countries. A rapid diagnostic test (R...
Article
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Autophagy receptor NDP52 triggers bacterial autophagy against infection. However, the ability of NDP52 to protect against viral infection has not been established. We show that NDP52 binds to envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and triggers a degradation process that promotes HBV clearance. Inactivating NDP52 in hepatocytes results in decr...
Article
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Background: Few studies on neonatal severe bacterial infection are available in LMICs. Data are needed in these countries to prioritize interventions and decrease neonatal infections which are a primary cause of neonatal mortality. The BIRDY project (Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Drug Resistant among Young Children) was initially conducte...
Article
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The human gut bacteriome is believed to have pivotal influences on human health and disease while the particular roles associated with the gut phageome have not been fully characterized yet with few exceptions. It is argued that gut microbiota can have a potential role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The public microbiota database of ASD and ty...
Article
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Citation: Razanajatovo, I.M.; Andrianomiadana, L.; Habib, A.; Randrianarisoa, M.M.; Razafimanjato, H.; Rakotondrainipiana, M.; Andriantsalama, P.; Randriamparany, R.; Andriamandimby, S.F.; Vonaesch, P.; et al. Factors Associated with Carriage of Enteropathogenic and Non-Enteropathogenic Viruses: A Reanalysis of Matched Case-Control Data from the AF...
Article
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Eukar yotes hav e historicall y been studied as parasites, but r ecent e vidence suggests the y ma y be indicators of a health y gut ecosystem. Here , w e describe the eukaryome along the gastrointestinal tract of children aged 2-5 years and test for associations with clinical factors such as anaemia, intestinal inflammation, chronic undernutrition...
Preprint
Autophagy receptor NDP52 triggers bacterial autophagy against infection. However, the ability of NDP52 to protect against viral infection has not been established. We show that NDP52 binds to envelop proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and triggers a degradation process that promotes HBV clearance. Inactivating NDP52 in hepatocytes results in d...
Article
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Background: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) is considered a key indicator for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemiological surveillance in animal, human and environment compartments. There is likelihood of ESBL-Ec animal-human transmission but proof of cross-compartment transmission is still unclear. Objectives: To characterize ESBL-...
Article
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Background Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where antibiotics required to treat resistant infections are not affordable. LMICs also bear a disproportionately high burden of bacterial diseases, particularly among children, and resistance jeopardizes progress made in thes...
Article
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Background: The exact timing, causes, and circumstances of stillbirth and neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain poorly described, especially for antenatal stillbirths and deaths occurring at home. We aimed to provide reliable estimates of the incidence of stillbirth and neonatal death in three LMICs (Madagascar, Cam...
Preprint
Full-text available
Autophagy receptor NDP52 triggers bacterial autophagy against infection. However, the ability of NDP52 to protect against viral infection has not been established. We show that NDP52 binds to envelop proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and triggers a degradation process that promotes HBV clearance. Inactivating NDP52 in hepatocytes results in decre...
Article
Full-text available
Background Vaccination reduces mortality from infectious disease, which is the leading cause of death in children under five and bears a particularly high burden in low- and middle-income countries. The Global Vaccine Action Plan (2011–2020) has set a target of 90% vaccine coverage for all vaccines included in national immunisation programmes by 20...
Article
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries...
Article
Full-text available
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries...
Article
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Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory syndrome postulated to contribute to stunted child growth and to be associated with intestinal dysbiosis and nutrient malabsorption. However, the small intestinal contributions to EED remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess changes in the proximal and distal intestinal microbio...
Article
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Introduction: Data regarding the acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in neonates at the community level are scarce in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of neonatal sepsis is high.Our study aims at identifying and quantifying the role of the different routes of ESBL-P...
Article
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Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an elusive, inflammatory syndrome of the small intestine thought to be associated with enterocyte loss and gut leakiness and lead to stunted child growth. To date, the gold standard for diagnosis is small intestine biopsy followed by histology. Several putative biomarkers for EED have been proposed and are...
Article
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Background Anaemia occurs in children when the haemoglobin level in the blood is less than the normal (11 g/dL), the consequence is the decrease of oxygen quantity in the tissues. It is a prevalent public health problem in many low-income countries, including Madagascar, and data on risk factors are lacking. We used existing data collected within t...
Article
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Background: In Southeast-Asia, where many conditions associated with dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in the community are met, data from the community are scarce but show high ESBL-E carriage prevalence. Maternal ESBL-E colonization is considered a risk factor for neonatal colonization, which is the first step towards dev...
Article
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Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) refers to an incompletely defined syndrome of inflammation, reduced absorptive capacity, and reduced barrier function in the small intestine. It is widespread among children and adults in low- and middle-income countries and is also associated with poor sanitation and certain gut infections possibly resulting...
Article
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Klebsiella pneumoniae can lead to a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, bloodstream and urinary tract infections. During a short period of a pulmonary plague epidemic in October 2017 in Madagascar, 12 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified in ten sputum and two buboes aspirate samples. These isolates were from 12 patients suspected of plagu...
Article
Background Children in low- and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable in the months following an initial health event (IHE), with increased risk of mortality caused mostly by infectious diseases. Due to exposure to a wide range of environmental stressors, hospitalization in itself might increase child vulnerability at discharge. The g...
Article
In 2019, the world faced a serious health challenge, the rapid spreading of a life-threatening viral pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of January 2022 WHO statistics shows more than 5.6 million death and about 350 million infection by SARS-CoV-...
Article
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Diphtheria is a potentially devastating disease whose epidemiology remains poorly described in many settings, including Madagascar. Diphtheria vaccination is delivered in combination with pertussis and tetanus antigens and coverage of this vaccine is often used as a core measure of health system functioning. However, coverage is challenging to esti...
Preprint
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Microorganisms could be used as efficient tools to protect high value therapeutic plants against overexploitation and climate change. This work aimed to isolate alkaloids producing endophytic and rhizospheric soil actinomycetes and fungi of Catharanthus roseus . From a total of eleven actinomycetes and eight fungi strains isolated by dilution and p...
Article
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Background Timely and accurate identification of uropathogens and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility is paramount to the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The main objective of this study was to develop an assay using LAMP (Loop mediated isothermal amplification) technology for simple, rapid and sensitive detection of...
Article
Full-text available
Objectives With a fourth of all under-five children affected, stunting remains one of the biggest health challenges worldwide. Even though the main underlying factors are known, the exact pathways to stunting varying in affected regions, and interventions thus need to be tailored to the local contexts. This study aimed assessing and comparing facto...
Article
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Background Severe bacterial infections (SBIs) are a leading cause of neonatal deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most data came from hospitals, which do not include neonates who did not seek care or were treated outside the hospital. Studies from the community are scarce, and few among those available were conducted with h...
Article
Maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is a major risk factor for neonatal GBS infection. However, data on GBS are scarce in low- and middle-income countries. Using sociodemographic data and vaginal swabs collected from an international cohort of mothers and newborns, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GBS colonization among...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Timely and accurate identification of uropathogens and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility is paramount to the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The main objective of this study was to develop an assay using LAMP (Loop mediated isothermal amplification) technology for simple, rapid and sensitive detection of...
Preprint
Full-text available
Klebsiella pneumoniae can lead to a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections. During a short period of a plague epidemic in October 2017 in Madagascar, 12 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified in ten sputum and two buboes aspirate samples. These isolates were from 12 patients suspected of plague, withou...
Article
Full-text available
Background This study aimed to compare the prevalence of intestinal parasite infestations (IPIs) in stunted children, compared to control children, in Ankasina and Andranomanalina Isotry (two disadvantaged neighborhoods of Antananarivo, Madagascar), to characterize associated risk factors and to compare IPI detection by real-time PCR and standard m...
Article
Our gut microbiota is known as an efficient barrier for infection; however, the physiological processes involved are poorly understood. Stacy et al. recently shed light on the key contribution of taurine to the trainable resistance of the gut microbiota to infection. This represents a groundbreaking advance for future microbiota-based therapeutics.
Article
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Pertussis is a highly contagious infectious disease and remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Over the last decade, vaccination has greatly reduced the burden of pertussis. Yet, uncertainty in individual vaccination coverage and ineffective case surveillance systems make it difficult to estimate burden and the related qua...
Article
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Hyper-virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 strains are endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and frequently cause lethal meningitis outbreaks. It remains unknown whether genetic variation in serotype 1 strains modulates tropism into cerebrospinal fluid to cause central nervous system (CNS) infections, particularly meningitis. Here, we address this...
Article
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Background: Child undernutrition is a global health issue that is associated with poor sanitation and an altered intestinal microbiota. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A mediates host-microbial homeostasis in the intestine, and acutely undernourished children have been shown to have altered IgA recognition of the fecal microbiota. We sought to determine wheth...
Article
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Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (hereafter, Kp) is a major public health threat responsible for high levels of multidrug resistant (MDR) human infections. Besides, Kp also causes severe infections in the community, especially in Asia and Africa. Although most Kp infections are caused by endogenous intestinal carriage, little is known about the pre...
Article
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Objectives: To define characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from carriage and infections in mothers and their neonates belonging to a paediatric cohort in Madagascar. Methods: A total of 2000 mothers and their 2001 neonates were included. For each mother, vaginal and stool samples were collected at the birth. Additionally, upon suspi...
Article
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We report here the draft genome sequence of a Chryseobacterium indologenes strain, isolated from a blood culture of a 2.2-year-old child admitted to the hospital for vomiting and coughing. The genome was composed of 5,063,674 bp and had 37.04% GC content. We detected 4,796 genes with predicted protein-coding functions, including those associated wi...
Preprint
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been recognized as an emerging multidrug resistant organism in hospital settings due to its resistance to a broad range of antimicrobial agents. These include β-lactams and aminoglycosides, afforded by the existence of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is recommended a...
Article
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Objectives: A molecular analysis was performed of two Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri) strains (Pr 297 and Pr 269) collected in 2007 and 2009 from wound swabs of patients admitted to the intensive care units at Joseph Ravoangy Andrianavalona hospital and the Military Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Methods: The two P. rettgeri isolates w...
Conference Paper
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Madagascar est un hotspot d'antibiorésistance dans l'océan Indien. Des prévalences élevées d'Entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu (EBLSE) étaient estimées chez les hommes et les animaux de ce territoire. Des gènes, conférant la résistance aux céphalosporines de 3 e génération (C3G), de type blaCTX-M-15 ont été identifiés...
Article
Full-text available
The diffusion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (E-ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a major concern worldwide, especially in low-income countries, where they may lead to therapeutic failures. In hospitals, where colonization is the highest, E-ESBL transmission is poorly understood, limiting the possibility of establishing effective control m...
Article
Full-text available
Objective To investigate potential risk factors for acquisition in seven countries of the meningitis belt. Methods Households were followed up every 2 weeks for 2 months, then monthly for a further 4 months. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from all available household members at each visit and questionnaires completed. Risks of acquisition over the...
Article
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Background The present study aimed to perform a deep phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 15 clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) strains isolated in Madagascar between 2008 and 2016 from diverse sources. Methods CRAb isolates collected from the Clinical Biology Centre of the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, from the neonata...
Article
Full-text available
Objective To investigate potential risk factors for acquisition in seven countries of the meningitis belt. Methods Households were followed up every 2 weeks for 2 months, then monthly for a further 4 months. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from all available household members at each visit and questionnaires completed. Risks of acquisition over th...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Madagascar is a hotspot of antibiotic resistance in Indian ocean with high prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriacae reported both in humans (i.e. 18.5% of colonization in women at delivery) and animals. In 2016-2017, prevalence in semi-intensive breeding farms (beef cattle, poultry and pigs) ranged from 66.7...
Article
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Improved methods for the detection and characterization of carried Neisseria meningitidis isolates are needed. We evaluated a multiplex PCR algorithm for the detection of a variety of carriage strains in the meningitis belt. To further improve the sensitivity and specificity of the existing PCR assays, primers for gel-based PCR assays (sodC, H, Z)...
Poster
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Madagascar is located South East of Africa. High prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-. producing Enterobacteriacae (ESBL-E) reported [1-2]: ESBL-E carriage in community and family farming livestock was poorly addressed. Patterns of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli between humans and animals in low income country were unknown. Study object...
Article
This study presents a triplex real-time PCR assay that allows for the direct detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae in one reaction without DNA extraction, with similar sensitivity and specificity to singleplex assays. This approach saves time, specimen volume and reagents while achieving a higher...
Article
Full-text available
Significance Stunting globally affects an estimated 155 million children under 5 years of age, representing about 25% of children worldwide. Due to poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions to efficiently correct for linear growth delay or associated pathophysiological disturbances are still lacking. Here, we d...