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Publications (23)
In the framework of a gene flow assessment, we investigated the natural hybridization rate between Gossypium hirsutum (AADD genome) and G. herbaceum (AA genome). The latter species, a diploid progenitor of G. hirsutum, is spontaneously present in South Africa. Reciprocal crosses were performed without emasculation between G. herbaceum and G. hirsut...
Bt cotton was introduced in Burkina Faso (West Africa) in 2008, while countries that adopted Bt cotton earlier have been facing increasing pressure by sucking pests. We conducted a three year comparative study in Bt and non-Bt cotton fields of SouthWest Burkina Faso to assess hemipteran populations and to detect potential insect outbreaks as observ...
In South Africa, modified Bt (Cry1 Ac) cotton cultivars and organic ones coexist. This raises the question of the risk of dissemination of genetically modified (GM) pollen to non-GM crops by visiting insects. We inventoried the flower-visiting insects in Bt and non-Bt cotton fields of the South African Highveld region and investigated their role in...
We studied the abundance and diversity of flower-visiting insects on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants in the Makhathini Flats region of South Africa during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 crop seasons to detect any impact of the Bt toxin (Cry1Ac). Bt cotton cultivars produced more flowers than non-Bt cultivars regardless of the cropping conditions (farmers'...
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops require a high dosage of Bt toxin to delay development of insect resistance, in particular, when the refuge strategy is applied. This strategy is threatened by plant developmental and environmental factors that might reduce Bt toxin concentration and Bt efficacy in Bt crops. Growth of Bt (Cry1Ac) cotton under prolo...
The bulk of the South African cotton crop is produced by large scale commercial farmers. Therefore it might be misleading to present South Africa’s impressive Genetically Modified Cotton (GMC) adoption figures as evidence of successful GMC use by smallholder farmers. The total South African cotton area and number of farmers decreased drastically si...
L'essentiel de la production de coton en Afrique du Sud provient des fermiers à production commerciale, il est donc erroné de considérer l'adoption impressionnante de Coton Génétiquement Modifié (CGM) comme un exemple d'utilisation réussie par les petits producteurs. Le secteur coton sud-africain évolue dans un environnement instable de production...
L'utilisation du coton g�n�tiquement modifi� (CGM) en Afrique du Sud, depuis 1996/97, est le plus souvent pr�sent�e comme un succ�s d'adoption d'OGM par les petits paysans de pays en d�veloppement. C'est une pr�sentation qui occulte le fait que la production cotonni�re en Afrique du Sud est d'abord celle des fermiers blancs. Le succ�s du CGM dans c...
This paper explores insecticide use in fields cropped with conventional or Bt cotton varieties in a smallholder farming area (Makhathini Flats, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa). The study was carried out during the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons as part of a broader survey based on daily monitoring of a sample of smallholdings. The adoption of...
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars containing the cryIAc gene accounted for 81% of South Africa's cotton production in 2004. Current research on Bt cotton in developed countries has revealed that this transgenic crop provides a key means for enhancing yields and boosting profits. Our study was designed to assess the agronomic efficiency of Bt...
The introduction of Bt cotton in small-scale African farming systems raises the question of the technological efficacy of such cultivars in low-input rainfed agriculture conditions. Current surveys on Bt cotton in small-scale farming systems in South Africa suggest this transgenic crop is a key factor for increasing yields and farm income. This stu...
Cotton in the world, the position of African cotton and the major stakes. Cotton farming is a very old activity. More recently, cotton fi bre production impacted industrial history and allowed a tremendous rise of the textile industry. African cotton cropping, which mainly relies on rainfed agriculture, family farming and hand picking, is very diff...
Gnetically modifi ed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. Bt.): what future for small family farms in French-speaking Africa?After a massive adoption in South Africa, genetically modifi ed cultivars are at the door step of francophone Africa. In order toanticipate the impact of Bt cotton on small-scale farming we propose a simple profi t analysis of the c...
Taking up the environmental challenges of the cotton production and marketing chains in Western and Central Africa.The extension of cotton cultivation in Western and Central Africa involves negative consequences for the environment on thelevel of the climatic changes, the reduction of biological diversity and the acceleration of desertifi cation. I...
After a massive adoption in South Africa, genetically modifi ed cultivars are at the door step of francophone Africa. In order to anticipate the impact of Bt cotton on small-scale farming we propose a simple profit analysis of the crop based on our results found in South Africa and data collected by our colleagues in Mali. Whereas the introduction...
The extension of cotton cultivation in Western and Central Africa involves negative consequences for the environment on the level of the climatic changes, the reduction of biological diversity and the acceleration of desertification. In addition to the fall of wooded areas and the death of various animals related to the use of pesticides, it appear...
Cotton farming is a very old activity. More recently, cotton fibre production impacted industrial history and allowed a tremendous rise of the textile industry. African cotton cropping, which mainly relies on rainfed agriculture, family farming and hand picking, is very different compared with the one conducted in large scale farming countries deal...
Dissemination of genetically modified cotton in South Africa : Lessons for Africa’s Zone Franc
The use of Genetically Modified Cotton (GMC) in South Africa, since 1996-1997, derives mainly from commercial farming by white farmers. It is therefore incorrect to present the so-called South African success as an example of successful use of GMC by smal...
For the last three years, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, France) and the University of Pretoria led field research to evaluate the impact of transgenic Bt cotton, expressing the Cry1Ac toxin, on arthropod biodiversity in South Africa. The diversity and the density of insect populations we...
Helicoverpa armigera is one of the major pests of cotton crops. Bt-cotton, (transgenic cotton) that contains cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, was introduced as a control measure against Heliothis virescens in the U.S.A. Cry genes encode for toxins that are toxic to lepidoteran pests. The effect of Bt-cotton (cv. NuOpal) on H. armigera populat...
