Jean-Louis Stilgenbauer

Facultés Libres de Philosophie et de Psychologie (IPC), 70 avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris – France · CHArt Laboratory, P-A-R-I-S team

Diagnostic reasoning consists in going back to the causes that triggered one or multiple effects. Formally, it means estimating the probability Pr(cause|effect). It is well known that the estimation of this probability deviates from the rational norm defined by the Bayes rule. Recent results show that people follow very varied strategies in order t...

The poor performances of typically developing children younger than 4 in the first-order false-belief task “Maxi and the chocolate” is analyzed from the perspective of conversational pragmatics. An ambiguous question asked by an adult experimenter (perceived as a teacher) can receive different interpretations based on a search for relevance, by whi...

L'objectif de ce chapitre est de réaliser un état de l’art sur le rapport entre l’utilisation des robots et le monde de l’enseignement. Notre propos s’organisera comme suit : après être brièvement revenus sur la notion de robot, nous nous intéresserons au rapport entre robot et enseignement en examinant ces différentes modalités : le robot enseigna...

L'objectif de ce chapitre est de réaliser un état de l’art sur le rapport entre l’utilisation des robots et le monde de l’enseignement. Notre propos s’organisera comme suit : après être brièvement revenus sur la notion de robot, nous nous intéresserons au rapport entre robot et enseignement en examinant ces différentes modalités : le robot enseigna...

Diagnostic reasoning aims to determine the cause of some given effect. Previous researches in categorical judgment concluded that the widely used Modus Ponens schema of inference leads to better diagnostic decisions than the Affirming the Consequent schema of inference. In this paper, Defeasible Modus Ponens (DMP) and Defeasible Affirming the Conse...

Browsing the literature shows that an increasing number of authors choose to use the learning by teaching approach in the field of educational robotics. The goal of this paper is, on the one hand, to produce a review of articles describing the effects of this approach on learning and, on the other hand, to review the literature in order to explore...

Dans cette communication, nous monterons en quoi l'approche du learning-by-teaching (apprentissage par l'enseignement) appliquée à un robot humanoïde de type Nao est un puissant outil d'apprentissage mis au service des professeurs des écoles. Après avoir présenté : 1) la notion de d'inclusion de classe, c'est-à-dire le rapport entre le « tout » et...

The objective of this research was to test for the existence of reasoning strategies in the estimation of the diagnostic probability: P(cause|effect). In two experiments, we show that estimation of this probability can be achieved by two paths that are formally distinct. The most intuitive approach (default strategy) consists in evaluating P(cause|...

Recently, Meder, Mayrhofer, and Waldmann (2009, 2014) have proposed a model of causal diagnostic reasoning that predicts an interference of the predictive probability, Pr(Effect|Cause), in estimating the diagnostic probability, Pr(Cause|Effect), specifically, that the interference leads to an underestimation bias of the diagnostic probability. The...

The Bayesian model was recently proposed as a normative reference for psychology studies in deductive reasoning. This new paradigm supports that individuals evaluate the probability of an indicative conditional if A then C in the natural language as the conditional probability \(P(\textit{C given A})\) (P(C|A) according to Bayes’ rule). In this pap...

The first goal of this thesis was to test the existence of reasoning strategies in the diagnostic probability estimate: P(cause|effect). Using four experiments, we show that the estimation of this probability can be achieved according to two formally distinct ways. The first consists in assessing P(cause|effect) through a weakened form of deduction...

Purpose: Previous reports have indicated that raising a child with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) could be considered a stressful experience. Thus our study aimed to assess the impact of perceived stress (i.e. parental cognitive perception of their child's disorder) and social support (number of people surrounding the subject providing suppo...

The present research tested whether young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) shows impaired recognition of basic-emotion expressions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness, disgust) and the same emotions embedded in a social background (i.e. simple versus complex facial emotion recognition), compared with typically developing (TD) children. M...

Introduction Results from clinical and molecular genetic studies suggest that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) could have a shared pattern of heritability. Among a large number of clinical variables evaluated, obsessive compulsive/repetitive behaviors have been found to be highly correlated among autism proband...

This study investigated whether first-degree relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate a specific profile of performance on the three cognitive domains studied in the disorders: executive function, central coherence and theory of mind. Parents and siblings of the children with ASD showed poorer performances on all te...