Jean Y Ko

• PhD
• Epidemiologist at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Background: Little is known about how symptoms or symptom clusters of Post-COVID Conditions (PCC) impact an individual's return to pre-COVID health. Methods: We used four state-level COVID-19 case reporting systems and patient-reported survey data to identify patients with PCC and associations with an individual's return to pre-COVID health afte...

In 2022, 81,806 opioid-involved overdose deaths were reported in the United States, more than in any previous year. Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), particularly buprenorphine and methadone, substantially reduce overdose-related and overall mortality. However, only a small proportion of persons with OUD receive these medications. Data fro...

Background: Marijuana is the most commonly used federally illicit substance among reproductive-age women in the United States. Updated information on marijuana use in this population can inform clinical and public health interventions. Methods: Data from the 2013-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used to report weighted prevalence...

Introduction Postpartum depression is a serious public health problem that can adversely impact mother–child interactions. Few studies have examined depressive symptoms in the later (9–10 months) postpartum period. Methods We analyzed data from the 2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) linked with data from a telephone follow-up...

Background Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is broadly defined as an unexpected and potentially life-threatening event associated with labor and delivery. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced 21 different indicators based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) hospital dia...

Background: Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is broadly defined as an unexpected and potentially life-threatening event associated with labor and delivery. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced 21 different indicators based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) hospital di...

Purpose: To understand differences in health care utilization and medical expenditures by perinatal depression (PND) status during pregnancy and 1-year postpartum overall and by rural/urban status. Methods: We estimated differences in health care utilization and medical expenditures by PND status for individuals with an inpatient live-birth deli...

Background: We sought to evaluate whether race/ethnicity disparities in severe COVID-19 outcomes persist in the era of vaccination. Methods: Population-based age-adjusted monthly rate ratios (RR) of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-asssociated hospitalizations were calculated among adult patients from COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillanc...

Objective(s): The opioid crisis affects the health and health care of pregnant and postpartum people and infants prenatally exposed to substances. A Learning Community (LC) among 15 states was implemented to improve services for these populations. States drafted action plans with goals, strategies, and activities. Materials and Methods: Qualitative...

Introduction: Screening for opioid misuse and treatment for opioid use disorder are critical for reducing morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand the extent of self-reported past 30-day buprenorphine use in various settings among women of reproductive age with self-reported nonmedical prescription opioid use being assessed for substance u...

Most pregnancy-related deaths due to mental health conditions, which include overdose and poisoning related to substance use disorder, occur during the late (43-365-day) postpartum period (1). Adverse childhood experiences and stressful life events are associated with increased substance use during pregnancy (2,3). Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitor...

Background: The objective was to assess mental health and substance use disorders (MSUD) at delivery hospitalization and readmissions after delivery discharge. Methods: This is a population-based retrospective cohort study of persons who had a delivery hospitalization during January to September in the 2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. We c...

Background: Estimates of cardiac arrest occurring during delivery guide evidence-based strategies to reduce pregnancy-related death. Objective: To investigate rate of, maternal characteristics associated with, and survival after cardiac arrest during delivery hospitalization. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: U.S. acute care hospi...

The association between thromboembolic events (TE) and COVID-19 infection is not completely understood at the population level in the United States. We examined their association using a large US healthcare database. We analyzed data from the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release and conducted a case–control study. The study populati...

Background: Adults with disabilities are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease; whether adults with disabilities are at an increased risk for ongoing symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. Objectives: To estimate the frequency and duration of long-term symptoms (>4 weeks) and health care utilization among a...

Objective(s): To understand how contraception method use differed between women prescribed and not prescribed medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among commercially-insured and Medicaid-insured women. Study design: IBM Watson Health MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters database and the Multi-State Medicaid database were used to ca...

Background: Cardiac arrest is a rare and sometimes fatal maternal complication. Severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) including preeclampsia with severe features, eclampsia, and Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome are risk factors for maternal cardiac events. Surveillance on cardiac arrest and severe HDP...

Background : People with a maternal substance use disorder (SUD) may experience a lack of access to necessary healthcare and more specifically, postpartum healthcare. It is not known whether increased insurance coverage introduced by Medicaid expansion has improved postpartum healthcare utilization among this population. Methods : Oregon 2008-2016...

The disruptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic impacted the delivery and utilization of healthcare services with potential long‐term implications for population health and the hospital workforce. Using electronic health record data from over 700 US acute care hospitals, we documented changes in admissions to hospital service ar...

This cross-sectional study investigates trends in death rates and proportion of deaths by pregnancy period among pregnant and postpartum individuals from 1994 to 2019.

Introduction: More information is needed to understand the clinical epidemiology of youth hospitalized with diabetes and COVID-19. We describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients <21 years old hospitalized with COVID-19 and either Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) during peak incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection w...

Objective: To estimate overall prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) and the prevalence and timing of bipolar-spectrum mood episodes in perinatal women. Data Sources: Databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, ClincalTrials.gov) were searched from inception to March 2020. Study Selection: Included studies were original research in Engli...

Among 664,956 hospitalized COVID-19 patients during March 2020-July 2021 in the United States, select mental health conditions (i.e., anxiety, depression, bipolar, schizophrenia) were associated with increased risk for same-hospital readmission and longer length of stay. Anxiety was also associated with increased risk for intensive care unit admiss...

Objectives: To describe COVID-19-related pediatric hospitalizations during a period of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant predominance and to determine age-specific factors associated with severe illness. Patients and methods: We abstracted data from medical charts to conduct a cross-sectional study of patients aged <21 years hospitalized at 6 US childre...

Background To explore the prevalence, pharmacologic treatment, and control of hypertension among US non-pregnant women of reproductive age by race/Hispanic origin to identify potential gaps in care. Methods We pooled data from the 2011 to March 2020 (pre-pandemic) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. Our analytic sample include...

Objective Our objective was to assess differences in pregnancy outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous year. Study design In a cross-sectional study of delivery hospitalizations in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, we assessed differences in selected maternal and pregnancy outcomes occurring April–Dec...

Objective: To describe clinician screening practices for prior hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, knowledge of future risks associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, barriers and facilitators to referrals for cardiovascular disease risk evaluation in women with prior hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and variation by clinician- and...

Poor parental mental health and stress have been associated with children’s mental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), through social, genetic, and neurobiological pathways. To determine the strength of the associations between parental mental health and child ADHD, we conducted a set of meta-analyses to examine th...

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs), defined as prepregnancy (chronic) or pregnancy-associated hypertension, are common pregnancy complications in the United States.* HDPs are strongly associated with severe maternal complications, such as heart attack and stroke (1), and are a leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States.†...

Background Clinical practices can use telemedicine and other strategies (e.g., self-measured blood pressure [SMBP]) for remote monitoring of hypertension to promote control while decreasing risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Methods The DocStyles survey collected data from primary care providers (PCPs), obstetricians-g...

To better understand COVID-19 in newborns, we compared in-hospital illness severity indicators by COVID-19 status during birth hospitalization. In a retrospective cohort of newborns born March–December 2020 in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, we classified COVID-19 status and severe illness indicators using ICD-CM-10 codes,...

Cardiac complications, particularly myocarditis and pericarditis, have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) infection (1-3) and mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (2-5). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a rare but serious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection with frequent cardiac involvement (6). Using electronic health...

Background: Limited research exists on the association between substance use disorders (SUDs) and dimensions of pregnancy intention. This study sought to examine the independent relationships between prepregnancy substance use and SUDs with pregnancy timing and intentions. Materials and Methods: Secondary analysis of data from three prenatal care s...

Introduction: The American Heart Association (AHA) promotes ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke by achieving seven metrics (normal weight, not smoking, ≥5 fruits and vegetables daily, physical activity ≥150 minutes per week, no diabetes, no high blood pressure, and no high cholesterol). Overall, about 5%...

Introduction Differences in healthcare utilization and medical expenditures associated with perinatal depression are estimated. Methods Using the MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid Database, the analytic cohort included individuals aged 15–44 years who had an inpatient live birth delivery hospitalization between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018....

During June 2021, the highly transmissible† B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, became the predominant circulating strain in the United States. U.S. pediatric COVID-19-related hospitalizations increased during July-August 2021 following emergence of the Delta variant and peaked in September 2021.§ As of May 12,...

Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe COVID-19-related illness, and COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal and neonatal complications (1-3). To date, studies assessing whether COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for stillbirth have yielded mixed results (2-4). Sinc...

Each year approximately 700 people die in the United States from pregnancy-related complications. We describe the characteristics of pregnancy-related deaths due to mental health conditions, including substance use disorders, and identify opportunities for prevention based on recommendations from fourteen state Maternal Mortality Review Committees...

Background Early reports suggested changes in select pregnancy outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The population-level impact of the pandemic on pregnancy and delivery outcomes is not well understood. Objective To assess whether pregnancies that ended during the pandemic were at increased or decreased risk of selecte...

In this study, hospital discharge data from the 2016-2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were analyzed to describe national and, where data were available, state-specific prevalences of chronic hypertension and pregnancy-associated hypertension at delivery hospitalization. In 2016-2017, the prevalence of chronic hypertension was 216 per 10...

Viral infections are a common cause of myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) that can result in hospitalization, heart failure, and sudden death (1). Emerging data suggest an association between COVID-19 and myocarditis (2-5). CDC assessed this association using a large, U.S. hospital-based administrative database of health...

Background and objectives: Hospital discharge records remain a common data source for tracking the opioid crisis among pregnant women and infants. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) transition from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification may hav...

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 illness in adults has been linked to underlying medical conditions. This study identified frequent underlying conditions and their attributable risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Methods: We used data from more than 800 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release (PHD-SR) to describe hospi...

Importance Information on underlying conditions and severe COVID-19 illness among children is limited. Objective To examine the risk of severe COVID-19 illness among children associated with underlying medical conditions and medical complexity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 years and younge...

Poor mental health among parents or primary caregivers is associated with poor mental and physical health in children; however, research often excludes the mental health of male caregivers including fathers. This analysis examines associations between caregiver mental health by caregiver sex and child health indicators (i.e., child’s general health...

(Abstracted from JAMA 2021;325:146–155) In the United States, the rates of maternal opioid use disorder (MOD) and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have seen substantial increases between 2000 and 2014. Although these rates vary across states, they were captured before the 2015 transition to International Classification of Diseases , Tenth Revisio...

In Reply Medications for OUD, including methadone and buprenorphine, improve pregnancy outcomes by reducing relapse and risk of preterm birth¹; however, in many parts of the US, equitable access to these medications for pregnant women remains elusive.² In our study, we found notable variation across states in both MOD and NAS rates.

Background Evidence on risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19 among pregnant women is still emerging. We examined the association between COVID-19 at delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications, and severe illness, whether these associations differ by race/ethnicity; and described discharge status by COVID-19 diagnosis and mate...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health and created barriers to healthcare. In this study, we sought to elucidate the pandemic's effects on mental health and access to care for perinatal individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study of individuals in Massachusetts who were pregnant or up to three months postpartum with a hist...

Objective : Perinatal depression is a common pregnancy complication and universal screening is recommended. The Practice Readiness to Evaluate and address Perinatal Depression (PREPD) was developed to measure obstetric practice readiness to integrate depression care into workflows. Objectives were to describe: (1) the PREPD; (2) associated characte...

Background We sought to describe healthcare utilization of infants by maternal opioid exposure and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) status. Methods A longitudinal cohort of 81,833 maternal-infant dyads were identified from Oregon’s 2008-2012 linked birth certificate and Medicaid eligibility and claims data. Chi-square tests compared term infants...

Objective: To estimate the annual percentage of women of reproductive age with private insurance or Medicaid who had opioid prescription claims during 2013-2017 and describe trends over time. Design: A secondary analysis of insurance claims data from IBM MarketScan® Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid Databases to assess outpatient pharmacy clai...

Background Little is known about breastfeeding initiation and duration in the context of postpartum marijuana use and safety beliefs. Research Aims (1) To describe characteristics of women who used marijuana postpartum; (2) to evaluate the relationship between postpartum marijuana use and breastfeeding behaviors; and 3) to assess, among women who...

Importance Substantial increases in both neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and maternal opioid use disorder have been observed through 2014. Objective To examine national and state variation in NAS and maternal opioid-related diagnoses (MOD) rates in 2017 and to describe national and state changes since 2010 in the US, which included expanded MOD...

Background Research on prenatal cannabis use and adverse infant outcomes is inconsistent, and findings vary by frequency of use or cigarette use. We assess (1) the prevalence of high frequency (≥once/week), low frequency (<once/week), and any cannabis use during pregnancy by maternal characteristics and adverse infant outcomes; (2) the prevalence o...

Background Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) often do not have sufficient resources to practice public health interventions. PEH may reside at overcrowded shelters, have poor access to health care, and often suffer from significant co-morbid conditions. In this study, we describe prevalence of COVID-19 amongst PEH and homeless service staff i...

In light of the disproportionate risk of hospitalization and death attributable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among racial and ethnic minority groups, parental attitudes and concerns regarding school reopening were assessed by race and ethnicity using data from three online CARAVAN omnibus surveys conducted during July 8-12, 2020, by ENGIN...

Background: The opioid overdose epidemic has been declared a public health emergency. Women are more likely than men to be prescribed opioid medications. Some states have adopted policies to improve opioid prescribing, including prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and pain clinic laws. Objective: Among reproductive-aged women, we exami...

In a cohort of 106,543 patients discharged after an index COVID-19 hospitalization, 9% experienced at least one readmission to the same hospital within 2 months of discharge. More than one readmission occurred in 1.6% of cases. In this analysis, the odds of hospital readmission increased with age among persons aged ≥65 years, presence of one of fiv...

This report provides four important insights into the practice of mitigation behaviors among U.S. adults to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. First, the majority of U.S. adults reported engaging in most or all of the six mitigation behaviors assessed. Second, age was an important determinant of engagement in mitigation behaviors overall. A smaller...

Background: Data on risk factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization are needed to guide prevention efforts and clinical care. We sought to identify factors independently associated with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. Methods: U.S. community-dwelling adults (≥18 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during March 1-Jun...

Background: In response to reported COVID-19 outbreaks among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in other U.S. cities, we conducted multiple, proactive, facility-wide testing events for PEH living sheltered and unsheltered and homelessness service staff in Atlanta, Georgia. We describe SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and associated symptoms and review sh...

Adolescence is an important period of risk for substance use initiation and substance use-related adverse outcomes. To examine youth substance use trends and patterns, CDC analyzed data from the 2009-2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This report presents estimated prevalence of current (i.e., previous 30-days) marijuana use, prescription opioid misu...

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance under federal law in the United States (1); however, many states have legalized medical and adult nonmedical use. Evidence regarding the safety and health effects of cannabis use during pregnancy is largely inconclusive (2). Potential adverse health effects to exposed infants (e.g., lower birthw...

Background: Identification of risk factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization is needed to guide prevention and clinical care. Objective: To examine if age, sex, race/ethnicity, and underlying medical conditions is independently associated with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: 70 counties within 12 states...

Opioid use disorder and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) increased in Massachusetts from 1999 to 2013 (1,2). In response, in 2016, the state passed a law requiring birth hospitals to report the number of newborns who were exposed to controlled substances to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH)* by mandating monthly reporting of In...

Background: Prescription opioid use during pregnancy has been associated with poor outcomes for mothers and infants. Studies using administrative data have estimated that 14%-22% of women filled a prescription for opioids during pregnancy; however, data on self-reported prescription opioid use during pregnancy are limited. Methods: CDC analyzed...

In Reply We appreciate Ramphul et al sharing estimates of the 2012 rate of in-hospital births with a neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis. In our study¹ of 2016 national incidence and cost estimates for in-hospital births with a NAS diagnosis, we did not make direct comparisons with earlier estimates² owing to the 2015 transition from the I...

Background: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that providers screen women for depression at the postpartum checkup. If this checkup is the only screening opportunity, women who do not attend or whose depressive episode occurs at a different time may not be identified. We evaluated women's encounters with postpartum...

Background The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of current (past 30 days) marijuana use and its associations with demographic, other substance use, chronic disease, physical health and mental health measures among women of reproductive age (18-44 years) in 12 US states. Methods This analysis used 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor S...

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2020;174(2):200–202) One of the immediate effects of the opioid crisis is the rise of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a withdrawal condition primarily occurring in infants who have been exposed to opioids in utero. In the United States, incidence rates for NAS have increased from 1.5 per 1000 births in 2004 to 8.0...

Introduction: Chronic diseases in the United States are the leading drivers of disability, death, and health care costs. In women of reproductive age (WRA), chronic disease and related risk factors can also affect fertility and reproductive health outcomes. This analysis of trends from 2011 to 2017 adds additional indicators and updates an analysis...

Importance To date, limited information is available on the characteristics of adolescents with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI). Objective To inform public health and clinical practice by describing differences in demographics, substance use behaviors, and clinical characteristics of EVALI among adolescents compa...

Introduction: Perinatal depression is a complication of pregnancy that can result in adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Screening to identify pregnant and postpartum women with depressive symptoms is recommended to provide diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care to reduce poor outcomes. Methods: CDC analyzed 2018 data from the Pregnancy Risk...

The opioid crisis has impacted vulnerable populations, specifically pregnant and postpartum women, and infants prenatally exposed to substances, including infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Lack of access to clinical and social services; potential stigma or discrimination; and lack of resources for provision of services, including screening...

Introduction: Chronic disease causes significant morbidity and mortality across the lifespan. Public health approaches that reduce or prevent risk factors along with effective management of chronic diseases can improve health. This study describes trends of chronic conditions and related risk factors among reproductive aged women. Methods: Data fro...

To describe obstetrician–gynecologists’ practices and attitudes related to opioid use among pregnant and postpartum women. A 2017 cross-sectional survey assessed U.S. obstetrician–gynecologists’ (N = 462; response rate = 34%) practices (management) and attitudes (knowledge, preparedness, confidence, barriers, and resources needed) related to opioid...

To describe obstetrician–gynecologists’ practices and attitudes related to substance use screening in pregnant patients. A 2017 cross-sectional survey assessed US obstetrician–gynecologists’ (n = 462; response rate = 34%) practices (substance use screening frequency and methods) and attitudes (practice priority of screening, confidence in treating,...

Since August 2019, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and public health and clinical stakeholders have been investigating a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) (1). This report updates patient demographic characteristics, self-reported substance use,...

CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and public health and clinical stakeholders continue to investigate a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) (1). EVALI patients in Illinois, Utah, and Wisconsin acquired tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products...

What is already known about this topic? Some patients hospitalized for e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) have been rehospitalized or have died after hospital discharge. What is added by this report? Compared with other EVALI patients, rehospitalized patients and patients who died after hospital discharge were more l...

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a withdrawal syndrome primarily occurring in infants with in utero exposure to opioids. Neonatal abstinence syndrome is an important indicator of the immediate effect of the opioid crisis. Little is known about the physical and developmental health consequences of prenatal opioid exposure.¹ Neonatal abstinence...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted primarily through parenteral exposures to infectious blood or body fluids that contain blood (e.g., via injection drug use, needle stick injuries) (1). In the last 10 years, increases in HCV infection in the general U.S. population (1) and among pregnant women (2) are attributed to a surge in injection drug us...

Objective: Bipolar disorder affects 2-8% of pregnant and postpartum women; untreated illness is associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to describe bipolar disorder screening rates in obstetric settings and associated characteristics. Method: Women were recruited during pregnancy through three months postpartum from 14 obstetric clinics...

Since 1999, the rate of opioid use disorder (OUD) has more than quadrupled, from 1.5 per 1,000 delivery hospitalizations to 6.5 (1), with similar increases in incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) observed for infants (from 2.8 per 1,000 live births to 14.4) among Medicaid-insured deliveries (2). CDC's response to the opioid crisis involv...

Background: Perinatal depression, the most common pregnancy complication, is associated with negative maternal-offspring outcomes. Despite existence of effective treatments, it is under-recognized and under-treated. Professional organizations recommend universal screening, yet multi-level barriers exist to ensuring effective diagnosis, treatment,...

Rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have increased fivefold in the past decade. To address this expanding and complex issue, state public health agencies have addressed the opioid crisis affecting newborns in diverse ways, leading to a variety of methods to quantify the burden of NAS. In an effort to understand this variability, we summariz...

Background: Comorbid substance use disorder and mental health conditions are common in women of reproductive age. We sought to understand the prevalence of substance use and substance use disorder by depression and anxiety disorder status and the independent association between depression and anxiety disorder status with receiving substance use tre...

Use of some medications during pregnancy can be harmful to the developing fetus, and discussion of the risks and benefits with prenatal care providers can provide guidance to pregnant women. We used Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data collected for 2015 births aggregated from 34 US states (n = 40,480 women) to estimate the prevalence o...

Objective: To describe national, state-specific, and sociodemographic trends in diagnoses of depressive disorders recorded during delivery hospitalizations. Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2015) and 31 publicly available State Inpatient Databases (2000-2015) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Del...

From 2004 to 2014, the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the United States increased 433%, from 1.5 to 8.0 per 1,000 hospital births. The latest national data from 2014 indicate that one baby was born with signs of NAS every 15 minutes in the United States (1). NAS is a drug withdrawal syndrome that most commonly occurs among infan...