Jean-Frederic Charpentier

• Dr HDR
• Professor (Associate) at École Navale

The demand for sustainable and efficient power sources in underwater vehicles has led to increased exploration of alternative energy solutions. In this chapter, fuel cells, known for their high energy density and low environmental impact, are evaluated for their potential in providing continuous power for extended underwater missions. Additionally,...

The integration of fuel cells into autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has paved the way for the adoption of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) to enhance power system dynamics, increase autonomy, improve discretion and minimize impacts of AUVs. As a result, HESS sizing and energy management strategy (EMS) design have become critical research a...

As the needs for sustainable freight transport solutions grow, river freight cargo is considered to be a very promising track. Large carriage boats allow up to three times less fuel consumption than trucks per ton.km. However, the use of traditional river freight ships leads to a high level of NOx and PM (particulate matter) emissions. Late evoluti...

This paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic performance of a generator with a doubly salient exterior rotor excited by permanent magnets inserted in the stator yoke. The electrical generator works at low speed and is devoted to a wind energy conversion system. Indeed, the studied generator is a robust high-torque machine and can be directly c...

This paper deals with the design and optimization of a 2.1 MW rim-driven electric thruster for ship propulsion. For this purpose, a double stator ironless rotor axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor is considered as the propulsion motor. The analytical model of the selected AFPM 3 motor is presented. The magnetic field in the AFPM machine is cal...

Wave compensation technology is crucial to the safety of the ship operation and the accurate placement of load. Its compensation efficiency and the gentle change of the rope tension are particularly important. In this paper, we adopt permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) as the actuator to construct the basic wave compensation system. Firstly...

The issues of variability and uncertainty of tidal speed result in severe challenges for standalone microgrid (as island grids for examples) operators. Indeed, to maintain the system power balance, existing classical generators which are associated with tidal power units must be able to frequently change their operating point, either up or down, to...

A fast calculation method of magnetic flux density in an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine is presented. This method is based on an original combination of magnetic charges concept, image theory, and relative permeance functions. Using this combined approach, significant 3D effects, which are present in axial flux machines such as curvatur...

Nowadays, Dynamic Positioning (DP) is applied to various tasks such as subsea pipeline laying and the requirements for the positioning performance in marine operations are higher and higher. The main objective of this paper is to design a DP controller based on the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) to solve the problems of long response t...

In this paper, an experimental study of a Hard�ware In the Loop (HIL) based emulation of a naval propul�sion system associated with Supercapacitor energy storage system is proposed. For these purpose two electrical ma�chines are associated in the same shaft (DC machine and PMS machine) to reproduce the behavior of the association of the electrical...

Increasing environmental concerns are driving the shipping industry to take strict measures to deal with greenhouse gas emissions. International Maritime Organization drives the industry to find more efficient and environmentally friendly power systems. To mitigate harmful emissions, researches on marine alternative fuels, operational improvements...

The low speed toothed doubly salient permanent-magnet (TDSPM) machine is an interesting candidate motor for electric ship applications because, of its high torque output, maintenance-free operation and flexible working modes, which gives the opportunity to increase system’s reliability, and decrease the system size, weight and noise which are key f...

This paper focuses on the formulation of state–space representations of radiation forces for marine structures using Hankel Singular Value Decomposition (HSVD), a method used to obtain a state–space realization from a Hankel matrix, with the classical definition of the kernel function and its new definition given in this paper. The first part shows...

Based on a multidisciplinary and configurable modeling approach, this work deals with the optimal choice and the design of a hybrid propulsion with the associated power management strategy to replace a conventional propulsion in a low tonnage river ferry operating on short cycles, with the aim of reducing its environmental impact and the costs over...

Wind turbine (WT) technology becomes more and more important due to the serious environmental and energy issues. The toothed poles outer rotor doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) generator with simple and durable design, high torque and high-power density has a great prospect in wind turbines application. The large diameter makes the constructio...

Ce rapport est réparti en deux sections : 1ère section : Définition des objectifs et synthèse des règles PMS - Présentation de l’approche de gestion et de dimensionnement à suivre, - Définition des objectifs des règles PMS, - Description des règles PMS développées dans le cadre du projet SEGE, - Définition des Spécificités des algorithmes PMS (ent...

In this paper original analytical models to determine the electromagnetic performances of segmented permanent magnet synchronous machines (with removed active parts in the stator or the rotor) are presented. These models are adapted to PMSM with large air gap width, large diameter, a high number of poles and large angular gaps. This method based on...

Refined assessments of the available tidal stream energy resource are required to optimize turbines design and guarantee successful implementations and operations of devices in the marine environment. Investigations primary focused on identifying areas with maximum current speeds. However, further information may be reached by exhibiting (i) resour...

Ce document de synthèse présente des outils de simulation pour étudier l’architecture électrique et de propulsion du navire. Ils permettent de pré-dimensionner les groupes électrogènes et le système de stockage, d’étudier les stratégies de gestion et la stabilité électrique du navire en fonction de différents modes de navigation et en tenant en com...

Ce rapport présente : - Une veille technologique et état de l’art sur la propulsion des navires, - Un état des connaissances sur les réalisations et développements de systèmes de propulsion hybrides de navire comportant ou non des sources d’énergie renouvelables. - Les critères de choix des solutions de propulsion hybrides. -Une veille technologiq...

Ce document de synthèse présente les premiers travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet SEGE. Il présente une étude comparative de plusieurs architectures électriques et de solutions de propulsion et présente des choix susceptibles d’être utilisées pour les navires. Nous avons proposé différentes architectures électriques et systèmes propulsifs. Nou...

This paper deals with a design methodology of permanent magnets (PM) generators used for fixed-pitch tidal turbines in a marine renewable energy context. In the case of underwater turbines, fixed-pitch tidal turbines could be very attractive and interesting to reduce maintenance operation by avoiding using such a complex electromechanical system fo...

Ce rapport présente : - Une caractérisation des perturbations à effacer en se basant sur des mesures expérimentales recueillies sur le prototype SABELLA D10, par une approche fréquentielle classique (FFT) et/ou une approche de décomposition de signaux non-stationnaires, - La modélisation et le contrôle du système : outil de simulation pour étudier...

The offshore wind resource has huge energy potential. However, wind turbine floating structures have to withstand harsh conditions. Strong wind and wave effects combine to generate vibrations, fatigue, and heavy loads on the structure and other elements of the wind turbine. These structural problems increase maintenance requirements and risk of fai...

This paper deals with the design and analysis of a virtual synchronous generator control strategy applied to a renewables-based system devoted to energy production in a stand-alone microgrid context. The studied hybrid energy production system consists of renewable-based energy production systems, a diesel power plant, and an energy storage system....

Estimating the energy potential of tidal stream site is a key feature for tidal energy system deployment. This paper aims to compare two methods of prediction of tidal current velocities. The first one is based on the use of a fully three-dimensional (3D) numerical approach. However, while being accurate, the numerical model is highly time-consumin...

The high quality of electrical power in high power and high reliability applications is a crucial necessity even under fault mode function. However, in these conditions, the quality of the torque is a key feature. To overcome this problem, the multiphase permanent magnet (PM) motors seems to be a very attractive choice. In order to highlight the ro...

This paper presents a study of fault-tolerant control strategy for a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) driven Double Star Induction Machine (DSIM) under open-circuit faults. This machine and drive are used as the main propulsion system for an Electric Naval Propulsion System (ENPS). Firstly, modeling of the different system parts is developed. Then, a...

Naval propulsion is facing mutations towards electrification of propulsion system. In naval propulsion applications, motors and drives are required to be highly fault- tolerant. For reasons such as reliability, smooth torque and partition of power multi-phase motors appears to good candidates for electrical marine propulsion. Permanent magnet machi...

Abstract—In this paper, an optimal design of unconventional electrical motor called Multiphase Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Motors is performed in order to fulfil the specifications of a high power naval propulsion motor. The design aims to maximize torque to mass ratio. Particle swarm optimization method is used for the design of this kind of d...

The main objective of this paper is the design of an Electric Naval Propulsion System (ENPS) emulator based on a low power multiphase machine. The whole drive system (control, power electronics, and electric machine) is tested and the mechanical part is emulated based on a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) principle. Firstly, the modeling of all system co...

Le travail présenté vise à étudier la possibilité de récupérer de l'énergie lors du freinage d’un navire de faible tonnage équipé d’une chaîne de propulsion entièrement électrique ou hybride. Les modèles des différents éléments de la chaîne de propulsion sont décrits puis intégrés pour une simulation dynamique sous Matlab/Simulink. Ce modèle compre...

Hybridization is a promising approach to reduce fuel consumption and environmental impacts of ships. Hybridization is particularly suitable for ships operating on cycles with large power variations and requiring a high degree of maneuverability. The modeling and simulation of such systems is essential in their design, analysis, and power management...

This paper deals with the sizing and rough optimization of a renewables-based farm devoted to energy production in a stand-alone marine context. The studied hybrid farm consists in combining wind turbines, tidal turbines, diesel generators, and pumped hydroelectric storage. The main sizing and optimization constraint is to achieve a compromise betw...

The main objective of this paper is the design of an emulator for Electric Naval Propulsion System (ENPS) based on a multiphase machine. First, the modeling of all electric ship components including mechanical and electrical elements is reviewed, and the total hull resistance forces model is developed. Then, an emulator of the Electric Naval Propul...

For Marine current turbine (MCT), low speed Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet generator is a solution to satisfy the efficiency and fault tolerant requirements. This is supposed to be true if the winding is made with several non-shifted three-phase stars that could be supplied with standard modular voltage source inverters. This paper investigates t...

This paper deals with the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) of hybrid and electric propulsions of ships. The studied hybrid system model includes the generator as main source and an Energy Storage System (ESS), battery in our case, as secondary source. The complexity of the interactions produced within the components and their coupling req...

The increasing awareness of the need to reduce pollution and global warming, and the increasing price of conventional energy resources, encouraged many countries to adapt new energy policies by including renewable energy resources, such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy. These new energy sources are usually connected to the gird via invert...

Increasing concerns about environmental issues and depletion of fossil resources lead to a global need for producing more clean energy from renewable sources. For coastal areas or some remote islands, marine tidal current energy is a promising renewable power source due to its high predictability. During the last decades, prototypes of various hori...

One of the future goals of shipbuilding for small ships is to reduce the impact of ship emissions to respond to existent and future regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on greenhouse gas and pollutants emissions. This work presents a state of the art of the context and related regulations associated to ship environmental im...

In this chapter, a hybrid Diesel/MCT/Battery system for power supply and power management on a small island is studied. The power variation of marine current turbine (MCT) related to the tidal phenomenon is considered. A semidiurnal tide causes the seawater to rise and fall with a period about 12 hours, thus resulting large variations of the MCT ou...

New generations of ship must meet new challenges, particularly in terms of energy efficiency, reliability and environmental impacts. One of the future goals of shipbuilding is to reduce the impact of ship emissions to respond to existent and future regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on greenhouse gas and pollutants emissio...

This paper aims to evaluate some configurations of windings for low speed high power 5-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) associated to fixed pitch tidal turbines. Several Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings has been considered and compared for these specifications. The proposed structures are compared in terms of torque VS spee...

This paper proposes a novel variable speed control strategy of a particular 5-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in healthy and faulty modes by taking into account the constraints on voltages and currents. These constraints are related to the converter and machine design. The considered faults are open-circuited phases (one phase,...

This paper investigates the reliability of 3-phase, 2×3-phase and 5-phase inverters for a marine propulsion application. Analytical formulae and thermal model are used to assess the junction temperature of the semiconductors. The overall failure rate of the inverter is calculated by using the individual failure rate of each semiconductor, which dep...

Due to the high predictability and the high energy density, marine tidal resource has become an area of increasing interest with various academic and industrial projects around the world. In fact, several Marine Current Turbine (MCT) farm projects with multi-megawatt capacity are planned to be installed in the coming years. In this paper, an MCT fa...

This paper deals with the global design of direct driven permanent magnet (PM) generator associated with fixedpitch turbine for tidal energy generation. A global designapproach of the generator design is proposed which takes into account the tidal site energy potential, the turbine hydrodynamic characteristic, the converter characteristics and an o...

This paper deals with power control strategies for a fixed-pitch direct-drive marine current turbine (MCT) when the marine current speed exceeds the rated value corresponding to the MCT nominal power. At overrated marine current speed, the MCT control strategy is supposed to be changed from maximum power point tracking (MPPT) stage to constant powe...

The research presented in this paper is part of a project whose aim is to develop a flexible system to help industrials to efficiently install marine energy farms in a suitable area. We introduce a methodology and a decision-aid system for marine farm design. The developed framework will help, for a given marine area, to find the most relevant site...

Le travail présenté concerne le développement d’une méthodologie de conception de systèmes hydroliens innovants de type RIM-DRIVEN pour la récupération de l’énergie des courants de marée. L’originalité d’un système RIM-DRIVEN réside dans la structure même de l’hydrolienne, inspirée directement des nouveaux systèmes de propulsion navale, où le rotor...

This paper deals with the study of an unconventional design of marine tidal turbine where the electrical generator is located in the periphery of the blades and where the magnetic gap is underwater. This kind of solution called "RIM DRIVEN" structure allows increasing the compactness and the robustness of the system. Due to the strong interaction o...

This paper deals with the design and performance analysis of double stator axial flux permanent magnet generators for rim-driven marine current turbines (MCT). Indeed for submarine applications, drive train reliability is a key feature to reduce maintenance requirements. Rim-driven direct-drive multi-stator generators can therefore be a very intere...

The work presented in this paper aims to propose a control strategy being able to extract efficiently energy from a fixed-pitch marine current turbine associated with a 5-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in healthy mode and in faulty mode. The considered faults are opened phases. For each tidal current speed, the control strategy...

The aim of the paper is to compare the design of direct-drive permanent-magnet (PM) generators associated with horizontal axis tidal turbines. The turbine/generator couplings are examined. These turbine/generator couplings consist of a POD and Rim-driven assembly. In a Rim-Driven association the electrical generator active parts are inserted in a d...

The aim of the paper is to introduce a flexible system whose objective is to help industrials and decision-makers to efficiently install a marine energy farm in a suitable area and to facilitate expertise between stakeholders. We introduced a three-step approach which allows to select marine farm sites and suitable technological solutions. The syst...

p> Ce travail traite de la conception systémique de génératrices électriques à aimants permanents associées à des hélices marines. La conception systémique consiste à concevoir un composant de la chaîne de conversion tout en tenant compte des caractéristiques des autres composants du système. Cet article décrit une méthodologie de conception optim...

En raison de la prévisibilité des courants marins, les hydroliennes apparaissent a priori comme très attractives en tant que source d’électricité future pour les zones côtières isolées et les îles éloignées situées à proximité de sites à forts courants comme les îles du Ponant au large du Finistère. Cependant la puissance produite par une hydrolien...

The objective of this paper is to devise a strategy for developing a flexible tool to efficiently install a marine energy farm in a suitable area. The current methodology is applied to marine tidal current, although it can be extended to other energy contexts with some adaptations. We introduce a three-step approach that searches for marine farm si...

All-electric ships are now a standard offering for energy/propulsion systems in boats. In this context, integrating fuel cells (FCs) as power sources in hybrid energy systems can be an interesting solution because of their high efficiency and low emission. The energy management strategy for different power sources has a great influence on the fuel...

This paper deals with the systemic design of permanent magnet (PM) generator associated with fixed-pitch turbine for tidal energy generation. The main problem with marine current turbines systems are the maintenance requirements of the drive-train. It is known that the blade pitch system increases the complexity, cost, and the maintenance requireme...

In this paper, energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic is proposed for a fuel cell hybrid ship, combining proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), battery and ultra-capacitor (UC). This hybrid system aims to optimize power distribution among each energy unit. The simulation model of the fuel cell hybrid power system is established in the...

Predictable tidal current resources make marine current turbine (MCT) generation system highly attractive as an electricity supply source for coastal areas and remote islands. However, the tidal speed varies greatly due to the flood and ebb tides during one day period. This results large mismatch between MCT produced power and grid-side (or load-si...

This paper focuses on the preliminary design of a TORUS type AFPM generators used in the MW graded tidal current application. Two different structures can be derived based on the orientation of the main flux. In this paper, an analytical design model for this kind of machine is developed. This model is associated to a basic cost model to estimate t...

Science Arts & Métiers (SAM) is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract–This research note deals with performance comparison of axial flux modular podded generators for marine current turbines (MCTs). Due to the submarine environmen...

This work deals with the modeling of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena in the air-gaps of low speed radial flux AC electrical machines filled with incompressible and electrically conductive fluids. The proposed model concerns laminar flows and it is based on a weak MHD coupling at the steady state regimes. The MHD power losses are evaluated a...

This paper presents a kW range marine tidal current power generation system consisting of a fixed pitch marine current turbine (MCT) with two permanent magnet synchronous generators in the turbine shaft, two diode rectifiers (each rectifier is associated with a permanent magnet synchronous generator) and a DC source voltage. This system is designed...

Tidal turbine dynamic performance analysis requires the use of computational models representing the nonlinear differential-algebraic equations of the various system components such as tidal resource, turbine, generator, converter, control system and grid connection. However, the main difficulty is to include a variety of sub-models with different...

This chapter discusses the control systems for ocean, wind and wave energy. A general study on wind turbine control suggests that a variable-speed turbine, requiring torque and speed control, can absorb 2.3% more energy than a fixed-speed counterpart, where the speed is fixed by the electrical grid frequency. In the case of wave energy, the numbers...

L’article présente la comparaison des dimensionnements de génératrices à entraînement direct pour des cahiers des charges d’hydroliennes. Deux types de structures magnétiques (à flux radial et à flux axial) sont étudiés. Nous considérons que ces deux structures peuvent être associées à une turbine à axe horizontal selon deux types de technologies d...

Variations of marine current speed may lead to strong fluctuations in the power extracted by a marine current turbine (MCT). During short-time period, swell effect is the main cause for the current speed variations. Conventional tip speed ratio Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm will require the MCT to accelerate or to decelerate frequen...

Variations of marine current speed may lead to strong fluctuations in the power extracted by a marine current turbine (MCT). During a short-time period, swell effect is the main cause for the current speed variations. The conventional tip speed ratio maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm will require the MCT to accelerate or to decelerate f...

This paper deals with the control strategies for a fixed-pitch marine current turbine (MCT) when the marine current speed exceeds the rated value corresponding to the rated power of generator and converter. Over-rated marine currents occur at large spring tides or under strong sea states; in these cases maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategie...

Résumé:Cette étude propose une méthode de modélisation et de conception adaptée aux machines à flux axial et à Double Stator (poly-entrefer) destinée à être intégrée comme génératrice pour une hydrolienne RIM-DRIVEN de grande puissance. La particularité du concept RIM-DRIVEN ou à entrainement circonférentiel réside dans le fait que la machine élect...

Marine renewable energy is a significant resource for generating electricity, and if some conversion technologies have already reached a certain level of maturity, others are emerging. The originality of this multidisciplinary book is to offer a broad spectrum of knowledge from academic and industry experts of various origins. It deals with general...