Jean-Francois Mignot

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• PhD
• Researcher at French National Centre for Scientific Research

Quels pays facilitent, quels pays entravent l’acquisition de la nationalité pour les enfants d’immigrés ? Cet essai dresse un état des lieux contrasté, selon l’application du droit du sol ou du sang, avec des conditions ou discriminations particulières.

Which countries make it easiest for the children of immigrants to obtain citizenship, and which countries make it the most difficult? This essay gives an overview of birthright citizenship, which may be acquired by soil or by blood and may also include particular conditions or discriminations.

In the early 2000s there were around 40,000 intercountry child adoptions worldwide, most of them concentrated in a few countries of origin (China and Russia) and a handful of receiving countries (headed by the United States). Between 2004 and 2013, the number fell by two-thirds in France and throughout the world. The shortage of adoptable children...

Why did cycling become professional as early as the late nineteenth century, while other sports (such as rugby) and other sport events (such as the Olympic Games) remained amateur until the 1980s? Why are the organizers of the most important bicycle races private companies, while in other sports such as soccer the main event organizer is a nonprofi...

This chapter is a first step toward a comparative history of child adoption law and practices in Western Europe since child adoption became legal in Germany (1900), Sweden (1917), France (1923), England and Wales (1927), and Italy (1942). Relying mainly on long-time series from these five countries, I analyze the incidence and the developments of d...

More and more people live in countries that have decriminalized homosexual relations, from 11% of the global population in the late 18th century to 79% in the early 21st century. However, as Jean-François Mignot observes, due to faster population growth in criminalizing countries, this trend may soon reverse.

Why do some people trust each other and cooperate, thus reaching mutually beneficial and socially optimal outcomes, while others do not? This is one of the foundational questions of sociology and the central question of this 548-page book

Why is there strategy, not just brute force, in cycling competitions? What are the recurring strategic interactions amongst riders? And what can economists learn from riders’ behaviors? Cycling may be one of the most strategically interesting sports, hence its nickname “chess on wheels.” Professional riders’ performances crucially depend on their i...

The Tour de France is one of the world’s largest annual sport events. Although cycling races are usually not lucrative, the Tour de France organizer’s balance sheet reveals that the Tour has been profitable since the 1980s. How can this economic success story be explained? Most sport economists are used to turn to tournament theory and a contest’s...

Why did cycling become professional as early as the nineteenth century while other sports (such as rugby) and other sport events (such as the Olympic Games) remained amateur until the 1980s? Why are the organizers of the most important bicycle races private companies while in other sports such as soccer the main event organizer is a nonprofit organ...

What can first names tell us about populations of the past, as well as our present day? This article uses the number and distribution of first names given to newborns in France from 1800 to 2019 as an indicator of the degree of individualization, i.e. parents’ willingness to give their child a unique identity and to make others regard it as unique....

Most of the world’s countries have at some point prohibited homosexual acts among consenting adults in private. Where, when and how were homosexual relations decriminalized in the world since the Age of Enlightenment? Historical data on the legality of homosexual acts and on population numbers in 203 present-day countries allows us to compute the a...

Over the past five decades, Maghrebi first names have been increasingly given in Europe. What are the differences between personal names commonly given in Europe and in the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia)? In Europe since the late Middle Ages, anthroponyms include a given name and a hereditary surname. In the Maghreb, this naming system repl...

Un article scientifique publié en avril 2019 dans la revue Population et sociétés indique qu’en France métropolitaine en 2008, les prénoms les plus fréquents chez les petits-fils d’immigrés du Maghreb seraient « Yanis » et « Nicolas ». Au total, selon l’étude, seulement 23 % des petits-enfants d’immigrés du Maghreb porteraient un prénom « arabo-mus...

Cette introduction au dossier sur l’histoire de l’adoption dresse un panorama mondial de l’adoption de mineur au début du xxie siècle et pose le problème de la définition de l’adoption, avant de présenter chacun des deux numéros de ce volume des Annales de démographie historique et leur contribution à la connaissance sur les droits, pratiques et ac...

Si les islamistes luttent de façon si acharnée contre la liberté de critiquer la religion, c’est parce qu’ils savent que sur ce terrain ils sont en position de force: près de la moitié des jeunes musulmans expriment des valeurs qui sont en contradiction frontale avec les valeurs libérales de la plupart des autres Français.

In some French schools, students challenged the minute’s silence in tribute to the victims of the attack on Charlie Hebdo, thus revealing divisions whose extent and motivations remain poorly studied. With the necessary caution, our survey shows that students who do not fully condemn the perpetrators of the 2015 Paris attacks and/or who did not feel...

Which countries make it easiest for the children of immigrants to obtain citizenship, and which countries make it the most difficult? This essay gives an overview of birthright citizenship, which may be acquired by soil or by blood and may also include particular conditions or discriminations.

Quels pays facilitent, quels pays entravent l’acquisition de la nationalité pour les enfants d’immigrés ? Cet essai dresse un état des lieux contrasté, selon l’application du droit du sol ou du sang, avec des conditions ou discriminations particulières.

Honor killings are not just horrifying: they seem unintelligible. Perpetrators claim they had to cleanse their honor, but how can you restore your (family) honor by killing a relative? Honor Related Violence sheds analytical and social-psychological light on this question, which matters both to researchers and social practitioners.

The Tour de France is the most popular and prestigious bicycle race in the world. Since the 1980s, it has also had increasing economic success. Is such economic success related to improvements in competitive balance among riders, i.e. the degree of parity among opponents and the resulting difficulty to predict the competition’s end result? We compu...

This chapter is a first step towards a comparative history of child adoption law andpracticesin Western Europesince child adoption became legal in Germany (1900), Sweden (1917), France (1923), Englandand Wales (1927) and Italy (1942). Relying mainly on long time series from these five countries, I analyze the incidence and the developments of domes...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of breakaway success in road cycling races. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive statistics were computed, and a logit model of breakaway success was estimated based on a new kind of statistical data describing the development of each of the 268 breakaways that occurred in the...

L'histoire de l'insémination artificielle depuis le XVIII e siècle, et de sa condamnation par l'Église catholique, est utile pour aborder le débat actuel sur l'ouverture de l'assistance médicale à la procréation aux femmes seules et aux couples de femmes homosexuelles.

Dans certains établissements scolaires la minute de silence en hommage aux victimes de l’attentat contre Charlie Hebdo a été contestée, révélant des clivages dont l’ampleur au sein de la population lycéenne et les motivations restent peu étudiées. Avec la prudence requise, notre enquête montre que les lycéens qui ne condamnent pas totalement les au...

Pourquoi est-il si compliqué d’adopter, que ce soit en adoption nationale ou internationale ? L’adoption est-elle véritablement dans l’intérêt des mineurs adoptés ? Fallait-il autoriser l’adoption aux couples de personnes de même sexe ? Et que penser de l’accouchement dans le secret, qui empêche certaines personnes nées sous X de connaître leurs or...

Why do the British adopt far fewer children from abroad but more domestic children than the French? To examine this question, this article compares the history of adoption law and practice in France and England and Wales. Although these countries have had similar adoption laws since the 1920s, there have long been many more adoptions in England and...

Why did cycling become professional as early as the late nineteenth century, while other sports (such as rugby) and other sport events (such as the Olympic Games) remained amateur until the 1980s? Why are the organizers of the most important bicycle races private companies, while in other sports such as soccer the main event organizer is a nonprofi...

Western infecund couples now face a dearth of domestic and foreign adoptable children, thus making surrogacy more attractive. As most of them cannot get access to surrogacy in their own country they are likely to turn to international commercial surrogacy, a practice that is already more frequent than international adoption

Since its creation in 1903, the Tour de France has remained the biggest of all professional cycling events. This chapter aims to present three aspects of the economic history of the Tour de France and what they tell us about the economic history of sport. First, the Tour has always been owned by private newspaper and media companies. This is why I...

Why do the British adopt so few children from abroad, compared to the French? To better understand this difference, I compare the history of adoption law and practices in England/Wales and in France. Since the 1920s both countries have had similar adoption laws, but abused children have been placed for adoption much more often in England/Wales than...

Pourquoi les Britanniques adoptent-ils très peu d’enfants à l’international, par rapport aux Français ? Pour le savoir, nous comparons l’histoire du droit et des pratiques de l’adoption plénière dans les deux pays. Il apparaît alors que, depuis l’entre-deux-guerres, les deux pays ont des droits de l’adoption proches, mais qu’en Angleterre-Galles le...

Adoption law in France and Italy is quite similar, and since the 1990s, these two countries have been among those which adopt the largest numbers of children from abroad. But over a longer timescale, what are the similarities and differences in their adoption practices? This article retraces the history of adoption law and practices in France and I...

La France et l’Italie ont des droits de l’adoption proches et font partie, depuis les années 1990, des pays qui adoptent le plus de mineurs à l’international. Mais, à plus long terme, dans quelle mesure les pratiques sont-elles similaires entre ces deux pays ? Cet article retrace l’histoire du droit et des pratiques de l’adoption en France et en It...

Le dessin de presse de la Révolution française à l'attentat contre Charlie Hebdo

“Simple” adoption in France. Revival of an old institution (1804-2007) Along with so-called “full” adoption, there is in France another form known as “simple” adoption, which adds an additional descendency tie to the adoptees’ tie with his family of origin. Nowadays, this form of adoption is mostly used by a step-parent without children to adopt an...

Along with so-called “full” adoption, there is in France another form known as “simple” adoption, which adds an additional descendency tie to the adoptees’ tie with his family of origin. Nowadays, this form of adoption is mostly used by a step-parent without children to adopt an adult stepchild to whom there is already an attachment in order to tra...

Why is there strategy, not just brute force, in cycling competitions? What are the recurring strategic interactions amongst riders? And what can economists learn from riders’ behaviors? Cycling may be one of the most strategically interesting sports, hence its nickname “chess on wheels.” Professional riders’ performances crucially depend on their i...

Théorie des jeux sur le Tour de France et dans le cyclisme

Analyse des couvertures de Charlie Hebdo de 2005 à 2015

Dans le monde, il y a eu en 2013 trois fois moins d'adoptions internationales qu'en 2003. En outre, la plupart des mineurs adoptés internationaux sont désormais « à besoins spécifiques », c'est-à-dire relativement âgés, en fratrie, ou touchés par une pathologie. On examine ici les causes et les conséquences des évolutions de l'adoption internationa...

Il y a dix ans on comptait environ 40 000 adoptions internationales de mineurs dans le monde, très concentrées dans quelques pays d’origine (Chine et Russie) et quelques pays d’accueil (en premier lieu les États-Unis). Entre 2004 et 2013, le nombre d’adoptions internationales de mineurs a chuté des deux tiers, en France comme dans le monde entier....

Neben der sogenannten Volladoption gibt es in Frankreich eine„ einfache Adoption “, mit der zusätzlich zur Abstammungsverbindung des Adoptierten mit seiner Ursprungsfamilie eine weitere neue Verbindung erstellt wird. Heutzutage geht es bei dieser Art Bindung für einen Stiefvater/eine Stiefmutter ohne Kinder meist darum, ein liebgewordenes großjähri...

Pourquoi les primes reversées aux coureurs de l'épreuve sont réparties de façon extrêmement inégale.

Le Tour de France sait commémorer la Révolution française, la Grande Guerre ou encore le débarquement de Normandie. Si le Tour s'intéresse à l'histoire, à l'inverse le Tour intéresse les historiens. Il révèle notamment les évolutions économiques et sociales à l'oeuvre au XXe siècle.

Pourquoi le Tour de France est-il si populaire, malgré les scandales de dopage ? Comment les organisateurs ont-ils fait évoluer le spectacle de la course, pour qu’elle soit aussi attractive aujourd’hui qu’au tout début du XXe siècle ? Pourquoi, dans les années 1980, les primes des coureurs ont-elles décuplé ? Et pourquoi près d’un tiers des vainque...

Pourquoi le Tour de France est-il si populaire, malgré les scandales de dopage ? Comment les organisateurs ont-ils fait évoluer le spectacle de la course, pour qu'elle soit aussi attractive aujourd'hui qu'au tout début du XXe siècle ? Pourquoi, dans les années 1980, les primes des coureurs ont-elles décuplé ? Et pourquoi près d'un tiers des vainque...

Les salariés européens sont plus nombreux à se former en 2010 que dix ans auparavant. La dernière enquête européenne sur la formation continue dans les entreprises montre aussi que si les écarts entre pays sont encore sensibles, ils ont tendance à se réduire. Les cours et stages restent la modalité dominante au sein des entreprises ; seul un petit...

Les salariés européens sont plus nombreux à se former en 2010 que dix ans auparavant. La dernière enquête européenne sur la formation continue dans les entreprises montre aussi que si les écarts entre pays sont encore sensibles, ils ont tendance à se réduire.

We theorize how social policy affects marital stability vis-à-vis macro and micro effects of wives' employment on divorce risk in 11 Western countries. Correlations among 1990s aggregate data on marriage, divorce, and wives' employment rates, along with attitudinal and social policy information, seem to support specialization hypotheses that divorc...

Century of Difference is a quantitative social history of the 20th-century United States. Relying on century-long census data (as compiled in the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series) and surveys (including Gallup polls from 1935 to 2000 and the General Social Survey from 1972 to 2000), it presents in eight main chapters long-term descriptive sta...

Century of Difference is a quantitative social history of the 20th-century United States. Relying on century-long census data (as compiled in the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series) and surveys (including Gallup polls from 1935 to 2000 and the General Social Survey from 1972 to 2000), it presents in eight main chapters long-term descriptive sta...

Pourquoi, dans la quasi-totalité des sociétés humaines connues, les hommes sont-ils en moyenne plus âgés que leur conjointe ? Et comment – et pourquoi – l’écart d’âge moyen entre conjoints varie-t-il avec le développement socioéconomique (au fil du temps aussi bien qu’entre sociétés) et, entre couples, avec les âges des hommes et des femmes à la mi...

Why is that in almost all known societies, men are on average older than their female intimate partner ? And how – and why – is it that the average age gap between spouses or intimate partners varies by degree of socio-economic development (over time as well as among societies) and, among couples, by age at which the two people became a couple, as...

Why is that in almost all known societies, men are on average older than their female intimate partner ? And how - and why - is it that the average age gap between spouses or intimate partners varies by degree of socio-economic development (over time as well as among societies) and, among couples, by age at which the two people became a couple, as...

Warum sind die Männer durchschnittlich und praktisch in allen bekannten Gesellschaften älter als ihre Ehefrauen ? Und wie – und warum – variiert der durchschnittliche Altersunterschied zwischen Ehepartnern mit der sozioökonomischen Entwicklung (so wie im Laufe der Zeit als auch zwischen den Gesellschaften) und, innerhalb der Ehepartnern, mit dem Al...

Si la chute de la primo-nuptialité au profit de la cohabitation et la hausse de la divortialité observées en Occident depuis les années 1960 ou 1970 ont été bien décrites, leur explication reste élusive. Cette thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension de ces tendances, ainsi que d’autres phénomènes sociodémographiques, en présentant de façon systé...

Si la chute de la primo-nuptialité au profit de la cohabitation et la hausse de la divortialité observées en Occident depuis les années 1960 ou 1970 ont été bien décrites, leur explication reste élusive. Cette thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension de ces tendances, ainsi que d’autres phénomènes sociodémographiques, en présentant de façon systé...

This document describes (through statistical analysis) and explains (through rational choice theory) patterns on union breakdown in mainland France since the 1950s. It also explains why more and more couples get divorced in france since the 1950s.

Racial redistricting is a form of territorial rearrangement of electoral districts implemented in the United States in 1990s. Its purpose and effect is to increase the number of districts with an African American or Hispanic majority in order to increase the number of elected officials from those minorities. Racial redistricting is thus a public pr...

Le redécoupage électoral effectué aux États-Unis dans les années 1990 a mis en évidence les effets d’une nouvelle méthode de promotion de l’égalité entre les Blancs et les Noirs (ainsi que les Hispaniques) : le racial redistricting. Ce mode de découpage électoral vise à permettre aux membres des minorités ethno-raciales d’élire un plus grand nombre...

This article is about which one of the spouses files for divorce when a (unilateral) divorce occurs. It provides empirical support to the claim that in most human societies and in most circumstances most divorce filers are women. Given that women have more to lose from divorce than men both economically and on the remarriage market, the fact that m...