Jean-Christophe Domec

• Ph.D. Oregon State University (2003)
• Professor at École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine

Here we summarize studies on the effects of elevated [CO2] (CO2e) on the structure and function of plant hydraulic architecture, and explore the implications of those changes using a model. Changes in conduit diameter and hydraulic conductance due to CO2e vary among species. Ring-porous species tend toward an increase in conduit size and consequent...

Hydraulic redistribution (HR), the passive movement of water via roots from moist to drier portions of the soil, occurs in many ecosystems, influencing both plant and ecosystem-water use. We examined the effects of HR on root hydraulic functioning during drought in young and old-growth Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and ponderos...

Water transport from soils to the atmosphere is critical for plant growth and survival. However, we have a limited understanding about many portions of the whole-tree hydraulic pathway, because the vast majority of published information is on terminal branches. Our understanding of mature tree trunk hydraulic physiology, in particular, is limited....

Water is about to become increasingly limited for crop production, which jeopardizes the whole maize sector. Potassium (K) nutrition has been proposed to mitigate water deficit in plants, but field-scale studies involving grain yield components are scarce. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the effect of K nutrition on grain yield, vegetative gro...

Plant hydraulics govern water transport linking root to mesophyll surfaces, affecting gas‐exchange, survival and growth. Xylem and leaf structural and functional characteristics vary widely among Pinus species, even when growing under similar conditions. We quantified the variation of xylem anatomy, hydraulic function, and within‐tree hydraulic res...

Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes....

Knowledge of plant hydraulics facilitates our understanding of the capabilities of forests to withstand droughts. This common-garden study quantified the hydraulic response to variation in sandy soil conductivity and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of five morphologically contrasting, wide-ranging pine species (Pinus virginiana, P. echinat...

Aim To quantify the intra‐community variability of leaf‐out (ICVLo) among dominant trees in temperate deciduous forests, assess its links with specific and phylogenetic diversity, identify its environmental drivers and deduce its ecological consequences with regard to radiation received and exposure to late frost. Location Eastern North America (E...

Salt-sensitive trees in coastal wetlands are dying as forests transition to marsh and open water at a rapid pace. Forested wetlands are experiencing repeated saltwater exposure due to the frequency and severity of climatic events, sea-level rise, and human infrastructure expansion. Understanding the diverse responses of trees to saltwater exposure...

Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships that link their height and crown size to their stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of woody ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shap...

Supplementary information about the main text of the article of Michalet et al., 2024, Assisted migration in a warmer and drier climate: less climate buffering capacity, less facilitation and more fires at temperate latitudes?

Measuring water use in co‐occurring loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine ( Pinus echinata Mill.) enhances our understanding of their competitive water use and aids in refining watershed water budget model parameters. This study was conducted in a 12‐ha forested headwater catchment in the Piedmont of North Carolina, southeastern U.S.,...

Une forêt échange de l’eau avec son environnement. Elle reçoit un apport d’eau liquide sous forme de précipitations et d’éventuelles remontées de nappes souterraines. Elle émet de la vapeur d’eau dans l’atmosphère par évaporation, et peut éventuellement perdre de l’eau par ruissellement (sur sols en pente) ou drainage profond. On appelle « bilan hy...

Il n’y a pas que les humains et les animaux qui migrent. Les arbres le font aussi naturellement, à une vitesse estimée à quelques kilomètres par siècle. Ainsi, via la dispersion de graines, certaines espèces ont pu migrer vers des latitudes plus clémentes, lors des grands changements climatiques passés.Mais face à la rapidité du changement climatiq...

Assisted tree migration has been proposed as a conceptual solution to mitigate lags in biotic responses to anthropogenic climate change. The rationale behind this concept is that tree species currently growing under warmer and drier climates will be more resistant and resilient to the new climatic conditions than tree species naturally growing in c...

Aim. To quantify the intra-community variability of leaf-out (ICVLo) among dominant trees in temperate deciduous forests, assess its links with specific and phylogenetic diversity, identify its environmental drivers, and deduce its ecological consequences with regard to radiation received and exposure to late frost. Location. Eastern North Americ...

Two micrometeorological methods utilizing high-frequency sampled air temperature were tested against eddy covariance (EC) sensible heat flux (H) measurements at three sites representing agricultural, agro-forestry, and forestry systems. The two methods cover conventional and newly proposed forms of the flux-variance (FV) and surface renewal (SR) sc...

Purpose of Review Harsher abiotic conditions are projected for many woodland areas, especially in already arid and semi-arid climates such as the Southwestern USA. Stomatal regulation of their aperture is one of the ways plants cope with drought. Interestingly, the dominant species in the Southwest USA, like in many other ecosystems, have different...

In plants, the delivery of the products of photosynthesis is achieved through a hydraulic system labeled as phloem. This semi-permeable plant tissue consists of living cells that contract and expand in response to fluid pressure and flow velocity fluctuations. The Münch pressure flow theory, which is based on osmosis providing the necessary pressur...

The significance of phloem hydrodynamics to plant mortality and survival, which impacts ecosystem‐scale carbon and water cycling, is not in dispute. The phloem provides the conduits for products of photosynthesis to be transported to different parts of the plant for consumption or storage. The Mü $\ddot{u}$nch pressure flow hypothesis (PFH) is the...

The assumption that climatic growing requirements of invasive species are conserved between their native and non-native environment is a key ecological issue in the evaluation of invasion risk. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to compare the effect of water regime and temperature on growth and mortality of native and invasive populations of...

Precise determination of canopy conductance (gs) is needed to quantify the water loss and CO2 exchange from forest canopies and their response to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we combined measurements of the leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (DL) derived from canopy surface temperature, and tree transpiration to calculate c...

Carbon (C) allocation and nonstructural carbon (NSC) dynamics play essential roles in plant growth and survival under stress and disturbance. However, quantitative understanding of these processes remains limited. Here we propose a framework where we connect commonly measured carbon cycle components (eddy covariance fluxes of canopy CO2 exchange, s...

The phloem provides a pathway for products of photosynthesis to be transported to different parts of the plant for consumption or storage. The Munch pressure flow hypothesis (PFH) is considered the leading framework to mathematically represent this transport. It assumes that osmosis provides the necessary pressure differences to drive the fluid flo...

Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring progra...

The phloem provides a pathway for products of photosynthesis to be transported to different parts of the plant for consumption or storage. The M ü nch pressure flow hypothesis (PFH) is considered the leading framework to mathematically represent this transport. It assumes that osmosis provides the necessary pressure differences to drive the fluid f...

Water inside plants forms a continuous chain from water in soils to the water evaporating from leaf surfaces. Failures in this chain result in reduced transpiration and photosynthesis and are caused by soil drying and/or cavitation‐induced xylem embolism. Xylem embolism and plant hydraulic failure share several analogies to ‘catastrophe theory’ in...

Understanding mass transport of photosynthates in the phloem of plants is necessary for predicting plant carbon allocation, productivity, and responses to water and thermal stress. Several hypotheses about optimization of phloem structure and function and limitations of phloem transport under drought have been proposed and tested with models and an...

Large-scale abandoned agricultural areas in Southeast Asia resulted in patches of forests of multiple successions and characteristics, challenging the study of their responses to environmental changes, especially under climatic water stress. Here, we investigated seasonal variation in leaf water status and drought tolerance of dominant tree species...

The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of potassium (K) supply on osmotic adjustment and drought avoidance mechanisms of Eucalyptus seedlings growing under short-term water stress. The effects of K supply on plant growth, nutritional status, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf area (LA), stomatal density (S...

The coordination of plant leaf water potential (ΨL) regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism is fundamental for understanding the tradeoffs between carbon uptake and risk of hydraulic damage. There is a general consensus that trees with vulnerable xylem more conservatively regulate ΨL than plants with resistant xylem. We evaluated if this par...

Water inside plants forms a continuous chain from water in soils to the water evaporating from leaf surfaces. Failures in this chain result in reduced transpiration and photosynthesis and these failures are caused by soil drying and/or cavitation-induced xylem embolism. Xylem embolism and plant hydraulic failure share a number of analogies to “cata...

The long‐standing hypothesis that the isotopic composition of plant stem water reflects that of source water is being challenged by studies reporting bulk water from woody stems with an isotopic composition that cannot be attributed to any potential water source. The mechanism behind such source–stem water isotopic offsets is still poorly understoo...

The main objective of this study was to examine the interactive effects of nutrient availability and understorey plants, including a nitrogen(N)-fixing shrub, on growth, physiology and survival of commercial maritime pines (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Three experimental sites within the Landes de Gascogne forest were installed in two wet moorlands (one d...

The coordination of plant leaf water potential (Ψ) regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism is fundamental for understanding the tradeoffs between carbon uptake and risk of hydraulic damage. There is a general consensus that trees with vulnerable xylem regulate Ψ more conservatively than plants with resistant xylem. We evaluated if this parad...

Considering the temporal responses of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) to local water availability in the spatial analysis of Δ13C is essential for evaluating the contribution of environmental and genetic facets of plant Δ13C. Using tree-ring Δ13C from years with contrasting water availability at 76 locations across the natural range of lobloll...

Understanding the controls of mass transport of photosynthates in the phloem of plants is necessary for describing plant carbon allocation, productivity, and responses to water and thermal stress. While several hypotheses about optimization of phloem structure and function, and limitations of phloem transport under drought have been tested both wit...

Quantifying the spatial variability of species-specific tree transpiration across hillslopes is important for estimating watershed-scale evapotranspiration (ET) and predicting spatial drought effects on vegetation. The objectives of this study are to 1) assess sap flux density (Js) and tree-level transpiration (Ts) across three contrasting zones a(...

Forest water use efficiency (WUE), the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET), is an important variable to understand the coupling between water and carbon cycles, and to assess resource use, ecosystem resilience, and commodity production. Here, we determined WUE for managed loblolly pine plantations over the course of...

Fungal species involved in Esca cause the formation of grapevine wood necroses. It results in the deterioration of vascular network transport capacity and the disturbance of the physiological processes, leading to gradual or sudden grapevine death. Herein, for two consecutive growing seasons, a detailed analysis of the structural (wood necrosis and...

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land–atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observatio...

Fertilization is commonly used to increase growth in forest plantations, but it may also affect tree water relations and responses to drought. Here, we measured changes in biomass, transpiration, sapwood‐to‐leaf area ratio (As:Al) and sap flow driving force (ΔΨ) during the 6‐year rotation of tropical plantations of Eucalyptus grandis under controll...

Wood anatomical traits shape a xylem segment’s hydraulic efficiency and resistance to embolism spread due to declining water potential. It has been known for decades that variations in conduit connectivity play a role in altering xylem hydraulics. However, evaluating the precise effect of conduit connectivity has been elusive. The objective here is...

Drought response is coordinated through expression changes in a large suite of genes. Interspecific variation in this response is common and associated with drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes. The extent to which different genetic networks orchestrate the adjustments to water deficit in tolerant and sensitive genotypes has not been fully elu...

Quantifying species-specific tree transpiration across watershed zones is important for estimating watershed evapotranspiration (ET) and predicting drought effects on vegetation. The objectives of this study are to 1) assess sap flux density (Js) and tree-level transpiration (Ts) across three contrasting zones (riparian buffer, mid-hillslope, and u...

Net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) are often used interchangeably, as their difference, heterotrophic respiration (soil heterotrophic CO2 efflux, RSH = NPP−NEP), is assumed a near‐fixed fraction of NPP. Here, we show, using a range‐wide replicated experimental study in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations that RSH...

The influence of aquaporin (AQP) activity on plant water movement remains unclear, especially in plants subject to unfavorable conditions. We applied a multitiered approach at a range of plant scales to (i) characterize the resistances controlling water transport under drought, flooding and flooding plus salinity conditions; (ii) quantify the respe...

Short rotation coppice culture of woody crop species (SRWCs) has long been considered a sustainable method of producing biomass for bioenergy that does not compete with current food production practices. In this study, we grew American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) for nine years corresponding to two rotation cycles (first rotation (FR) = 201...

Forested wetlands are important in regulating regional hydrology and climate. However, long-term studies on the hydrologic impacts of converting natural forested wetlands to pine plantations are rare for the southern US. From 2005-2018, we quantified water cycling in two post-harvest and newly-planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations (YP 2-7...

Stem growth reflects genetic and phenotypic differences within a tree species. The plant hydraulic system regulates the carbon economy, and therefore variations in growth and wood density. A whole-organism perspective, by partitioning the hydraulic system, is crucial for understanding the physical and physiological processes that co-ordinately medi...

Wood anatomical traits shape a xylem segment's hydraulic efficiency and embolism spread resistance due to declining water potential. Because xylem sap is in a metastable state, gas embolisms might spread within the sapwood conduits as water potential declines, inhibiting water movement. It has been known for decades that variations in conduit conne...

The influence of aquaporin (AQP) activity on plant water movement remains unclear, especially in plants subject to unfavorable conditions. We applied a multitiered approach at a range of plant scales to (i) characterize the resistances controlling water transport under drought, flooding and flooding plus salinity conditions; (ii) quantify the respe...

Defining plant hydraulic traits is central to the quantification of ecohydrological processes ranging from land‐atmosphere interactions, to tree mortality and water‐carbon budgets. A key plant trait is the xylem specific hydraulic conductivity (Kx), that describes the plant's vascular system capacity to transport water. While xylem's vessels and tr...

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological,energy and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations...

Forested wetlands are an important carbon (C) sink. Fine roots (diameter < 2 mm) dominate belowground C cycling and can be functionally defined into absorptive roots (order 1–2) and transport roots (order ≥ 3). However, effects of microtopography on the function-based fine root dynamics in forested wetlands are poorly understood. We studied fine ro...

Knowledge of the dynamics of methane (CH4) fluxes across coastal freshwater forested wetlands, such as those found in the southeastern US remains limited. In the current study, we look at the spectral properties of ecosystem net CH4 exchange (NEECH4) time series, and its cospectral behavior with key environmental conditions (temperature (Ts5), wate...

1.The assumption that climatic requirements of invasive species are conserved between their native and non-native environment is a key ecological issue in the evaluation of risk of invasion. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to compare climatic requirements between native and introduced populations of common gorse (Ulex europeaus, L.) seedli...

For decades, theory has upheld that plants do not fractionate water isotopes as they move across the soil-root interface or along plant stems. This theory is now being challenged by several recent studies reporting that the water held in woody stems has an isotopic composition that cannot be attributed to any potential water source. Isotopic offset...

Wetlands store large carbon (C) stocks and play important roles in biogeochemical C cycling. However, the effects of environmental and anthropogenic pressures on C dynamics in lower coastal plain forested wetlands in the southern U.S. are not well understood. We established four eddy flux stations in two post-harvest and newly-planted loblolly pine...

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of droughts in most tropical regions in the coming decades. A passive phenomenon called hydraulic redistribution (HR) allows some plant species to take up water from deep and wet soil layers and redistribute it in the upper dry layers where other plants and soil biota can benefit from it. In addi...

Sucrose is among the main products of photosynthesis that are deemed necessary for plant growth and survival. It is produced in the mesophyll cells of leaves and translocated to different parts of the plant through the phloem. Progress in understanding this transport mechanism remains fraught with experimental difficulties thereby prompting interes...

Drought frequency and intensity are projected to increase throughout the Southeastern USA, the natural range of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and are expected to have major ecological and economic implications. We analyzed the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions in tree ring cellulose of loblolly pine in a factorial drought (~30% throughfall...

Esca is a Grapevine Trunk Disease (GTD) caused by a broad range of taxonomically unrelated fungal pathogens. These attack grapevine wood tissues inducing necroses even in the conductive vascular tissues, thus affecting the vine physiology and potentially leading to plant death. However, the influence of Esca on leaf and whole-plant water transport...

Key message The relationship between relative water loss (RWL) and hydraulic conductivity loss (PLC) in sapwood is robust across conifer species. We provide an empirical model ( conifer-curve ) for predicting PLC from simple RWL measurements. The approach is regarded as a new relevant phenotyping tool for drought sensitivity and offers reliable and...

Additional Information on the conifer-curve in pictures

Optimality principles that underlie models of stomatal kinetics require identifying and formulating the gain and the costs involved in opening stomata. While the gain has been linked to larger carbon acquisition, there is still a debate as to the costs that limit stomatal opening. This work presents an Euler-Lagrange framework that accommodates wat...

The vast majority of measurements in the field of plant hydraulics have been on small‐diameter branches from woody species. These measurements have provided considerable insight into plant functioning, but our understanding of plant physiology and ecology would benefit from a broader view, because branch hydraulic properties are influenced by many...

The ability to transport water through tall stems hydraulically limits stomatal conductance (gs), thereby constraining photosynthesis and growth. However, some plants are able to minimize this height‐related decrease in gs, regardless of path length. We hypothesized that kudzu (Pueraria lobata) prevents strong declines in gs with height through app...

Monitoring drought in real-time using minimal field data is a challenge for ecosystem management and conservation. Most methods require extensive data collection and in-situ calibration and accuracy is difficult to evaluate. Here, we demonstrated how the space-borne canopy “thermal stress”, defined as surface-air temperature difference, provides a...

Optimality principles that underlie models of stomatal behaviour require identifying and formulating the gain and the costs involved in opening stomata. While the gain has always been clear: a larger carbon gain, there still is debate as to the costs that limit stomatal opening. An Euler-Lagrange framework that accommodates water use strategy and m...