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Publications (295)
Screening and brief interventions are among the evidence-based recommended practices to reduce the negative impact of substance use on the population. The digitization of these interventions makes it possible to disseminate them widely and to circumvent some of the barriers to the implementation of face-to-face interventions. Current evidence shows...
Excessive alcohol consumption is the leading cause of liver diseases in Western countries, especially in France. Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is an extremely broad context and there remains much to accomplish in terms of identifying patients, improving prognosis and treatment, and standardising practices. The French Association for the Stud...
Background and Aims
There are concerns about the potential impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on substance use (SU) and other reinforcing behaviours (ORB). This paper investigates changes in SU and ORB among young men during the COVID-19 crisis (i.e. March–June 2020).
Methods
Before and during the COVID-19 crisis, 2,344 young Sw...
Use of the methodology of cross self-confrontation (CSC) is limited in the field of healthcare and in the context of clinical practice. We applied this methodology within an addiction medicine unit of a university hospital, as part of an exploration of addiction-related clinical difficulties. Cross self-confrontation was used according to a 3-phase...
Aims:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused many disturbances to daily life worldwide and may also have significantly affected people's psychological well-being. The present study aimed to describe the psychological impact of the crisis on our sample of young Swiss men and to examine differences due to their linguistic region, experiencing COVID-19 symptom...
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to report the "Outcome Reporting in Brief Intervention Trials: Alcohol" (ORBITAL) recommended core outcome set (COS) to improve efficacy and effectiveness trials/evaluations for alcohol brief interventions (ABIs).
Method:
A systematic review identified 2,641 outcomes in 401 ABI articles measured by 1,560...
Objective
Frequent users of emergency departments (FUED) account for a disproportionate number of emergency department (ED) visits and contribute to a wide range of challenges for ED staff. While several research has documented that case management (CM) tailored to FUED leads to a reduction in ED visits and a better quality of life (QoL) among FUED...
Objective: Change talk has been proposed as a mechanism of change in motivational interviewing (MI) by mediating the link between MI technical skills and behavioral outcomes. We tested the influence of therapists' relational skills on this mediation model. Method: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of individual brief MI for heavy...
Aims:
The present study aimed to investigate whether the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis varied with regards to young Swiss men's pre-crisis level of education and socioeconomic status and to changes in their work situation due to it.
Methods:
A cohort of 2345 young Swiss men (from 21 out of 26 Swiss cantons; mean age = 29) completed...
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken for tackling it had the potential to lead to deep modifications in the supply of illegal drugs and to impact substance users’ health and social situation. To investigate this, we used mixed methods, i.e., quantitative data collected with a brief questionnaire from substance users receivin...
Background: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and the measures taken for tackling it had the potential to lead to deep modifications in the supply of illegal drugs and to impact substance users’ health and social situation.
Methods: To investigate this, we used mixed methods, i.e. quantitative data collected with a brief questionnaire from subs...
Background:
Hazardous alcohol consumption and HIV infection increase the risk of neurocognitive impairment (NCI). We examined the association between alcohol consumption and specific neurocognitive domain function in people with HIV (PWH) taking modern antiretroviral therapy.
Methods:
The Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Coho...
p>We experimented the methodology of cross self-confrontation (CSC) in a research aiming at exploring addiction-related clinical practice and related clinical difficulties. Our article presents the application of CSC in a specific clinical setting and illustrates through one example the method's capacity to bring out tacit knowledge from daily clin...
p>We experimented the methodology of cross self-confrontation (CSC) in a research aiming at exploring addiction-related clinical practice and related clinical difficulties. Our article presents the application of CSC in a specific clinical setting and illustrates through one example the method's capacity to bring out tacit knowledge from daily clin...
Background
Unhealthy alcohol use among young adults is a major public health concern. Brief motivational interventions for young adults in the Emergency Department (ED) have shown promising but inconsistent results.
Methods
Based on the literature on brief intervention and motivational interviewing efficacy and active ingredients, we developed a n...
Whereas excessive alcohol consumption increases liver disease incidence and mortality, evidence on the risk associated with specific drinking patterns is emerging. We assessed the impact of binge drinking on mortality and liver disease in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. All participants with follow-up between 2013 and 2020 were categorized into one of...
The development of research, clinical practice and prevention in addiction medicine is, compared to other disciplines, more influenced by socio-political factors. Research on psychedelics has thus long been hampered by prohibitive policy but has recently been revived thanks to the relaxation of these political positions. The extensive prescription...
Background
Frequent users of emergency departments (FUEDs) (≥5 ED visits/year) represent a vulnerable population with complex needs accounting for a significant number of emergency department (ED) consultations, thus contributing to EDs overcrowding. Research exploring ED staff perceptions of FUEDs is scarce.
Objectives
The current study aimed to...
Frequent users of emergency departments (FUED; ≥ 5 ED visits/year) commonly cumulate medical, social, and substance use problems requiring complex and sustained care coordination often unavailable in ED. This study aimed to explore ED healthcare providers’ challenges related to FUED care to gain insight into the support and resources required to ad...
Background
There is a need for empirical studies assessing the psychometric properties of self-reported alcohol use as measures of excessive chronic drinking (ECD) compared to those of objective measures, such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG).
Objectives
To test the quality of self-reported measures of alcohol use and of risky single-occasion drinking (...
AimsThe COVID-19 pandemic affected daily life worldwide. In addition to its tangible physical impacts, it may also have affected those who had been especially vulnerable already before the crisis and those who experienced substantial changes to their work situation during it. The present study aimed to investigate whether the psychological impact o...
AimsThe COVID-19 pandemic caused many disturbances to daily life worldwide and may also have significantly affected people’s psychological well-being. The present study aimed to describe the psychological impact of the crisis on our sample of young Swiss men and to examine differences due to their linguistic region, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms a...
Although young men or young adults with mental health disorders are at higher risk to engage in problematic drinking, they typically evince stronger associations between protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and fewer alcohol outcomes. This study aimed to contribute to this line of research by examining the moderating effect of depression, bipolar...
Background:
Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young people, including university students. Delivering secondary prevention interventions against unhealthy alcohol use is challenging. Information technology has the potential to reach large parts of the general population. The present study is proposed to test...
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. However, few studies investigated the psychometric properties of AUD screening tools in presence of co-occurring disorders. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of a short AUD screening tool among young adults, in the presence of high vs. low or moderate symp...
This article describes a new form of administration of inhaled prescribed heroin currently under investigation. It underlines the particularity of opioid agonist prescription in jail and presents new perspectives in using psilocybin in addiction medicine treatment. A brief literature review about vaping confirms its interest in quitting cigarette,...
Objectives:
To assess in a cohort of young adults admitted with alcohol intoxication (AI) to the Emergency Department (ED): how many patients are readmitted to the ED or to a Psychiatric Department (PD) inpatient unit; and which characteristics are associated with further ED and PD inpatient admissions.
Methods:
In 630 patients aged 18 to 30 yea...
Background
Frequent users of emergency department (FUEDs; ≥ 5 ED visits/ year) are often vulnerable individuals cumulating medical, social and substance use problems. FUEDs often require complex and sustained care coordination generally unavailable in ED and are commonly considered contributing to ED crowding. In view of supporting ED health-care p...
Background
Frequent users of emergency departments (FUED; 5 ED visits during the preceding 12 months) account for a disproportionate part of ED visits, causing a wide range of work difficulties to ED staff potentially leading to FUED discrimination. Whereas case management (CM) tailored to FUED leads to a reduction in ED visits, CM impact on ED sta...
Background:
How much a randomized controlled trial (RCT) sample is representative of or differs from its source population is a challenging question, with major implications for generalizability of results. It is particularly crucial for freely-available web-based interventions tested in RCTs since they are designed to reach broad populations and...
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It is preceded by early asymptomatic lesions which, if identified early enough and removed, would prevent malignant transformation or avoid delaying diagnosis to advanced stages. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a screening programme for SCC of t...
Background and aims:
Short screenings for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are crucial for public health purposes, but current self-reported measures have several pitfalls and may be unreliable. The main aim of our study was to provide empirical evidence on the psychometric performance of self-reports currently used. Our research questions were: compare...
Background: In primary care, electronic self-administered screening and brief interventions for unhealthy alcohol may overcome some of the implementation barriers of face-to-face intervention. We developed an anonymous electronic self-administered screening brief intervention device for unhealthy alcohol use and assessed its feasibility and accepta...
Objective
Although there is evidence that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are positively related to alcohol use and related problems among young adults, little research has examined the mechanisms that might explain this association. In response, this study examined the mediating effects of coping and enhancement drinking m...
Patients suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at risk for malnutrition. The mechanisms are presented in this article. Nutrition disorders in the patient with AUD can include malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight and obesity. They may contribute to tissue damage and to oncological and cognitive disorders encountered among pat...
The language used has an impact on clinician attitudes and behaviors. In particular, the use of stigmatizing language or language reducing individuals in treatment to a given behavior has a negative impact on clinician attitudes, perception of people, perception of the disorders and treatment options. In addiction medicine, using clear, non-stigmat...
Aims:
An updated Cochrane systematic review assessed effectiveness of screening and brief intervention to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in general practice or emergency care settings. This paper summarises the implications of the review for clinicians.
Methods:
Cochrane methods were followed. Reporting accords with PRISMA guida...
Background and Aims
Alcohol‐induced blackout (AIB) is a common alcohol‐related adverse event occurring during teenage years. Although research provides evidence that AIB predicts acute negative consequences, less is known about the associations of AIB with chronic consequences, such as alcohol dependence (AD). This study estimated the associations...
Motivations for cannabis use may include coping with negative well-being. Life satisfaction, a hallmark of subjective well-being, could play a role in cannabis use among young adults. This study aims to assess whether life satisfaction (SWLS) at age 21 is associated with cannabis initiation and cessation between the ages of 21 and 25, and with cann...
Differences in mental health (MH) of users of distinct psychoactive substances have been shown. Both substance use (SU) and MH in users are influenced by stressful life events. This study compared MH parameters in distinct groups of substance users and evaluated the impact of stress factors on these outcomes. Data stem from the longitudinal Swiss C...
Objective
The Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (PBSS‐20) is one of the most commonly used measures of engagement in protective behavioral strategies (PBS). This research aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a French and German version of the PBSS‐20 in a large sample of young males in Switzerland.
Method
The sample included 5,017...
For decades, emergency departments of hospitals in industrialized countries have been dealing with the challenges of a group of patients responsible for a disproportionate number of emergency room visits : the emergency department frequent users. Although they represent only a minority of all emergency department patients, their healthcare can ofte...
Background: General population surveys using self-reported measures show alcohol use disorder (AUD) to be most prevalent in young adulthood, but this may be due to misinterpretations of AUD criteria among inexperienced drinkers. The present study investigated changes in prevalence of criteria during emerging adulthood.
Methods: 4924 young Swiss men...
Background
ED overcrowding represents a significant public health problem in developed countries. Frequent users of the emergency departments (FUEDs; reporting 5 or more ED visits in the past year) are often affected by medical, psychological, social, and substance use problems and account for a disproportionately high number of ED visits. Past res...
New drugs available in a click, plethora of games, new regulations
on cannabis, addiction medicine has a lot to do ! In 2018, Switzerland
recognized a training certificate in addiction medicine, pathological
gambling entered into ICD-11 and vaping, first considered with suspicion,
found a place in the pharmacopoeia of the fight against tobacco.
Tha...
New drugs available in a click, plethora of games, new regulations on cannabis, addiction medicine has a lot to do ! In 2018, Switzerland recognized a training certificate in addiction medicine, pathological gambling entered into ICD-11 and vaping, first considered with suspicion, found a place in the pharmacopoeia of the fight against tobacco. Tha...
Background
In most emergency departments (EDs), few patients account for a relatively high number of ED visits. To improve the management of these patients, the university hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland, implemented an interdisciplinary case management (CM) intervention. This study examined whether the CM intervention—compared with standard care...
Information on patients who died during follow-up.
(DOC)
Information of the restricted sample (N = 140).
(DOC)
Publications original protocol.
(PDF)
Introduction
Short screenings of alcohol-related dependence are needed for population-based assessments. A clinical interview constitutes a reliable diagnosis often seen as gold standard, but it is costly and time consuming and as such, not suitable for population-based assessments. Therefore, self-reported questionnaires are needed (eg, alcohol us...
Objective:
Although several studies have investigated longitudinal associations between social norms and alcohol use behaviors, less is known about associations between social norms and use of other substances, such as cigarettes and cannabis. The present study aimed to examine the temporal ordering of descriptive norms and cigarette and cannabis...
Over the past two years, the Swiss Institute for Postgraduate and Further Education in Medicine has implemented a new certification in addiction medicine and an in-depth training in addiction psychiatry and psychotherapy. These developments contribute to the recognition of a specialty and the training of a new generation of specialized clinicians....
Background: Non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is an increasing phenomenon associated with physical and psychological consequences. This study investigated the effects of distinct forms of stress on NMUPD.
Methods: Data from 5308 young adult men from the Swiss cohort study on substance use risk factors (C-SURF) were analysed regarding NM...
Background:
Excessive drinking is a significant cause of mortality, morbidity and social problems in many countries. Brief interventions aim to reduce alcohol consumption and related harm in hazardous and harmful drinkers who are not actively seeking help for alcohol problems. Interventions usually take the form of a conversation with a primary ca...
Aim:
To estimate the long-term efficacy of an internet-based brief intervention (IBI) in decreasing alcohol use among men on 1.) number of drinks/week and 2.) monthly or more binge drinking prevalence. In addition, overall changes in alcohol use were assessed.
Design:
Participants in a cohort study were recruited in a two parallel-group randomiz...
Purpose:
Frequent Emergency Department users are likely to experience poor quality of life (QOL). Case management interventions are efficient in responding to the complex needs of this population, but their effects on QOL have not been tested yet. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine to what extent a case management intervention improved...
Background:
Research has identified several correlates of suicidal behaviors including depressive symptoms, alcohol use and coping drinking motives. However, their associations and their role as possible causal mechanisms in the prediction of suicide attempt are not well understood. This study examined, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, t...
Intense stress increases substance use (SU). However, little is known about the extent to which distinctive forms of stress should be weighted with regard to their effects on SU. This study aimed to determine whether family-related stress factors (FSF) influenced SU in a different way than external stress factors (ESF). Data was drawn from a Swiss...
Objective:
A microsimulation model was adapted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nalmefene combined with psychosocial support (NMF + PS) versus psychosocial support alone (PS). The economic impact of alcohol reduction using nalmefene treatment was not evaluated.
Method:
The model simulates patient-level alcohol consumption over a 5-year time...
Zusammenfassung. Erwachsene in der Schweiz trinken durchschnittlich zwei Gläser Wein pro Tag. Alkoholmissbrauch und kognitive Störungen sind eng verknüpft, vor allem bei älteren Personen. Die klinische Untersuchung muss nach Anzeichen von Unterernährung suchen und eine neuropsychologische Untersuchung einschliessen, wenn der Mini-Mental-Status path...
Introduction:
There are few recent longitudinal studies on smokeless tobacco products (SLT) and smoking outside the United States or European Nordic countries. The present longitudinal study tests whether Swedish type snus and nasal snuff use decreases smoking incidence and prevalence in a central European country.
Methods:
The sample consisted...
Peer influence is a strong predictor of drinking behaviors, yet not all young adults respond to its influence in the same way. This study aimed to identify young adults who are more vulnerable to peer influence by prospectively examining whether sensation seeking and aggression traits moderate the associations between peer influence and alcohol use...