Jayashree Bhat

Manipal Academy of Higher Education | MAHE · Department of Speech and Hearing

Objective Acquired neurogenic communication disorders are neurological disorders’ most commonly observed consequences. Profiling communication characteristics are a sensitive indicator in the tertiary centre that helps individualised management strategy to improve the quality of life in individuals with neurogenic communication disorders. The resea...

Purpose The aim of the present study was to conceptualize and develop a novel context-based working memory (WM) task which would possess the potential to assess the context-based WM in an Indian scenario and incorporate a task-linked metacognitive facet to understand an individual's self-perception of performance. Methods Employing the ADDIE instr...

Background: Considering the importance of exploring the development of reasoning skills during preschool period and the suitability of using a culturally linguistically relevant story-based approach for the same, the present research intended to profile the reasoning skills in typically developing Indian preschool children between 36 and 72 months...

Background Pragmatic language assessment in children is performed in line with standard protocols, guidelines, and best practices. The absence of these aspects in the Indian context has resulted in the quest to explore the approaches used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to assess pragmatic language impairments. This survey explored the curre...

Background: Considering the importance of exploring the development of reasoning skills during preschool period and the suitability of using a culturally linguistically relevant story-based approach for the same, the present research intended to profile the reasoning skills in typically developing Indian preschool children between 36 and 72 months...

Background The P300 is a late cortical neurophysiological response that can be elicited with auditory and visual stimulation, by presenting the stimuli in an odd-ball paradigm. When deviant stimuli are elicited using auditory stimuli, the P300 is recorded as a large positive peak approximately 300 ms after the stimulus onset in the waveform. Adoles...

Abstract Background: For individuals with bilateral severe-profound hearing loss, bilateral CIs offer the prospect of improved spatial hearing and speech understanding in noise. Electrode deactivation (ED) is a common clinical practice to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning or migrated electrodes. However, the effects of asymmetrical ED in case...

Purpose Prospective memory (PM) questionnaires are frequently used to evaluate perceptions of PM skills in daily life. This study aimed to systematically investigate communication-specific attributes using pre-existing PM self-rating questionnaires to inform clinicians and researchers about the role of PM in cognitive communicative evaluations. Me...

Stories constitute a significant part of the Indian preschool curriculum due to their various benefits in preschool child development. However, the teachers’ practice of stories and their perception regarding the influence of stories on preschool child development are vital determining factors in the benefit preschoolers receive from stories. The g...

Purpose To address the need for a standardized assessment tool for assessing cognitive-communication abilities among Indian preschoolers, the current study aimed at describing a Delphi based development and validation process for developing one such tool. The objectives of the research were to conceptualize and construct the tool, validate its cont...

Objectives Health literacy (HL) about healthy cognitive aging is essential in preventing cognitive decline and promoting cognitive well‐being. It is important that one such HL module should be scientifically designed, delivered in a technically sound manner to the audience, and specific to the context. The present study thus aimed at developing and...

Purpose The current study aimed to profile vocal fold morphology, vocal fold symmetry, gender and task-specific data for vocal fold length (VFL) and vocal fold displacement velocity (VFDV) in young normophonic adults in the age range of 18–30 years using ultrasonography (USG). Methods Participants underwent USG across quiet breathing, /a/ phonatio...

Background: Considering the importance of exploring the development of reasoning skills during preschool period and the suitability of using a culturally linguistically relevant story-based approach for the same, the present research intended to profile the reasoning skills in typically developing Indian preschool children between 36 and 72 months...

Purpose Inter-aural insertion depth difference (IEDD) in bilateral cochlear implant (BiCI) with continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) processing is known to reduce the recognition of speech in noise and spatial release from masking (SRM). However, the independent channel selection in the ‘n-of-m’ sound coding strategy might have a different effect...

Objectives Lexical breadth of knowledge is the quantity of words that the individual knows with regard to vocabulary size of the learner; while lexical depth is the learner's knowledge and mastery level of various semantic relations of a given word. Both measures have been used in the assessment of speaking/writing skills of first (L1) and second (...

The preschool period is marked by the development of several domains such as communication, cognition, social skills, and literacy skills. As language and literacy skills overlap during the preschool period, it is important to understand the dynamics of language and literacy in early school years. Due to language diversity, India does not bear a si...

The lack of research exploring the influence of dynamic visual narratives on inference skills prompted the present study with an aim to profile the inference skills in school children between the ages of 6 years and 9 years 11 months using dynamic visual narratives. A total of 80 participants were considered for the study. An animated story was des...

Little is explored regarding the modality-specific differences in recall abilities of preschool children. Understanding modality-specific differences in the recall at an early age might give an insight into age-linked trends, which can lay a foundation for later development. The current study used a cross-sectional design to investigate the modalit...

The spatial hearing experiments can be simulated using high-fidelity headphones, but these simulated experiments do not account for individual variations and are difficult to investigate when the listener is wearing hearing devices. Hence, the free-field systems are ideal for spatial hearing experiments. However, these systems are not readily avail...

Background: Pretend play is a form of play that involves nonliteral actions. There are limited studies reporting the developmental trends of pretend play behaviours of typically developing pre-schoolers. This knowledge would be beneficial in the early identification of deviations in pre-schoolers who have or are at risk of developing developmental...

Purpose The present study aimed to analyze the influence of SES on play skills in toddlers during a mother–child dyadic interaction. Methodology The study followed a cross sectional study design and included forty toddlers between the ages of 2–3 yrs, with their mothers. Participants were divided based on their SES into two groups as Group 1[Middl...

Background: Children with reading disabilities (RD) exhibit difficulty in perceiving speech in background noise due to poor auditory stream segregation. There is a dearth of literature on measures of temporal fine structure sensitivity (TFS) and concurrent vowel perception abilities to assess auditory stream segregation in children with reading dis...

Background Voice plays a major role in communication, and it reveals the speaker's physical and emotional health, personality, and identity. Professional voice users are dependent on their voice for their livelihood. A minimal change or deviation in their voice can interfere with their career. Since respiration is the source for voice production, g...

Purpose Language development in children aged 3–6 years is shaped by their pre-linguistic abilities, communication patterns and play behaviors along with parental communicative roles. Little is known about how these aspects are distributed among children with receptive expressive language disorder (CWRELD) in comparison to typically developing chil...

The cognitive ability which was perceived as a constant trait, is now understood to be upgraded by adaptive and extended training. Yoga practices are known to sharpen the intellect and enhance concentration. In the initial period of practicing yoga as an alternative/supporting tool to medical line of treatment, it is essential to investigate effect...

Background: An impressive amount of research has been conducted studying the modality effect on multimedia information in children from higher elementary school to college. In the present study, we aimed to examine the modality effect in the recall of multimedia information among children between the age range of 6 years to 9 years 11 months. Metho...

Original Article

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of glycemic control and factors like time since the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus on hearing. Materials and Methods: Hearing of 75 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 40–55 years categorized into three groups of 25 patients based on their glycemic control (HbA1c %) and also...

Background: Children with reading deficits (RD) exhibit difficulty in perceiving speech in background noise due to poor auditory stream segregation. There is a dearth of literature on measures of temporal fine structure sensitivity (TFS) and concurrent vowel perception abilities to assess auditory stream segregation in children with reading deficit...

Background: An impressive amount of research has been conducted studying the modality effect on multimedia information in children from higher elementary school to college. In the present study, we aimed to examine the modality effect in the recall of multimedia information among children between the age range of 6 years to 9 years 11 months. Metho...

Objective: Straw phonation exercises have been proved to be effective in improving voice quality among persons with voice pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of straw phonation as a warm-up exercise on maximum phonation duration, acoustic, and perceptual parameters of voice among Speech Language Pathologists. Study desi...

Background: Reading acquisition varies between languages, as languages differ in terms of phonology and orthography. Orthographic knowledge is demonstrated to be crucial in literacy acquisition in most orthographies. The literature on acquisition of orthographic knowledge has focused more on alphabetic orthographies and less is understood in alphas...

Fahr’s disease is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement. Cases of Fahr’s disease in young children are rarely seen, and limited literature is available on speech and language manifestations. The present case report highlights the early speech and language manifes...

Background: An impressive amount of research has been conducted studying modality-specific Short Term Memory (STM) skills in children differing in the type of tasks used. In the present study, we aimed to profile the STM abilities based on modality, in typically developing children using a story-based assessment. Methods: The study followed a cross...

Background: The temporal envelope (ENV) plays a vital role in conveying inter-aural time difference (ITD) in many clinical populations. However, the presence of background noise and electronic features, such as compression, reduces the modulation depth of ENV to a different degree in both ears. The effect of ENV modulation depth differences between...

Objective: The present study compared recognition of native and non-native consonants in quiet and noise among native speakers of Malayalam. Methods and material: Fifteen native speakers of Malayalam who had English as the medium of instruction at school participated in the study. Stimuli comprised of 16 vowel-consonants-vowel nonsense syllables...

Introduction: One of the most mystifying problems faced by individuals who are exposed to high levels of noise (either occupational or recreational) is the slow deterioration of hearing that takes place. Evidence from the literature also indicates that noise exposure causes a significant sensory neural hearing loss. Hence we planned to compare the...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Auditory transduction is the process by which sound is converted to neural impulses to pass via the auditory pathway structures to reach the auditory cortex and for with this auditory physiology oxygenated blood supply is a necessity. SudarshanKriya Yoga (SKY) is known to improve lung functioning and oxygen level in blood...

Objectives: The study was done to compare Auditory late latency response (ALLR) in normal-hearing individuals without diabetes mellitus and normal-hearing individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods: A total of 50 participants within the age range of 40-60 years were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion and ex...

Objectives: To compare the audiological profiles in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis and to study the pattern of hearing loss in osteoporotic patients. Materials and methods: 80 postmenopausal women were evaluated at a tertiary referral center and were divided into normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic based on BMD results. The h...

Objective Pranayama is known for improving various health conditions. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of bhramari pranayama on aerodynamic and acoustic parameters of voice in healthy individuals. Study Design This is a pretest-posttest design study. Methods A total of 24 participants in the age range of 20 to 25 years comp...

The study explores the age-related trends for an open ended version of the Twenty Questions task, which requires an individual to freely choose questions pertaining to a category in order to organize concepts and solve problems, further making it sensitive in assessing frontal lobe functions. The study comprised of 63 adult participants with 21 par...

Background: Language development during early childhood is crucial to a child’s overall development. The socioeconomic status (SES) is a major contributing factor to development, whose impact on language is less explored in young children especially in a multicultural country like India. This research focussed on assessing the semantic language of...

Objective: Purohit, in the Indian religious context (Hindu), means priest. Purohits are professional voice users who use their voice while performing regular worships and rituals in temples and homes. Any deviations in their voice can have an impact on their profession. Hence, there is a need to investigate the voice characteristics of purohits us...

Context: The willingness of a person to accept noise while listening to speech can be measured using the acceptable noise level (ANL) test. Individuals with poor ANL are unlikely to become successful hearing aid users. Hence, it is important to enhance the individual's ability to accept noise levels. The current study was an attempt to investigate...

The study explores the age-related trends for an open ended version of the Twenty Questions task, which requires an individual to freely choose questions pertaining to a category in order to organize concepts and solve problems, further making it sensitive in assessing frontal lobe functions. The study comprised of 63 adult participants with 21 par...

Objective: Cognitive training gains have been reported to be larger among young adults in comparison to older adults. However, differences in the magnitude of improvements between the earlier ages of adulthood have been less explored. In this attempt, the aim of the present study was to investigate the working memory training effects on cognitive c...

Introduction: In congenital visual impaired individuals one modality is impaired (visual modality) this impairment is compensated by other sensory modalities. There is evidence that visual impaired performed better in different auditory task like localization, auditory memory, verbal memory, auditory attention, and other behavioural tasks when com...

Objectives It is well established that the brainstem regulates the act of swallow. However, the role of cortex and its influence on swallowing are still a question. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate if cerebral hemispheric laterality controls swallow activity. Methods Thirty normal right handed participants were subjected to time test...

Purpose A common question encountered by speech-language pathologists while dealing with adults who stutter (AWS) is whether their disclosure of stuttering to listeners would change their perception. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of self-disclosure and speaker sex on adult listeners’ perceptions of simulated stuttering. Method...

Introduction Stuttering is a problem of speech fluency in which the speaker repeats or prolongs sounds or has blocks while speaking. Some define stuttering as a complex communication disorder that not only interferes with the forward flow of speech but also creates negative emotions and reactions in both the speaker and listener. 1 It has been obse...

Background Intact hearing is essential for medical students and physicians for communicating with patients and appreciating internal sounds with a stethoscope. With the increased use of (PMSs), they are exposed to high sound levels and are at a risk of developing hearing loss. The effect of long term personal music system (PMS) usage on auditory se...

Background and objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of vowel context on the recognition of Kannada consonants in quiet for young adults. Subjects and methods: A total of 17 young adults with normal hearing in both ears participated in the study. The stimuli included consonant-vowel syllables, spoken by 12 nativ...

Several studies have reported improvements in cognitive communicative abilities with working memory training and alternative therapeutic methods conducted separately. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of combining yoga and working memory training among healthy middle aged adults. A total of 45 participants were randomly assigned in...

Background and Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effect of active listening and listening effort on the contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (CSTEOAEs). Subjects and Methods Twenty eight young adults participated in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded using ‘li...

This experiment investigated the mechanisms of temporal fine structure (TFS) mediated speech recognition in multi-talker babble. The signal-to-noise ratio 50 (SNR-50) for naive-listeners was measured when the TFS was retained in its original form (ORIG-TFS), the TFS was time reversed (REV-TFS), and the TFS was replaced by noise (NO-TFS). The origin...

Present study aimed to obtain spectral ripple discrimination threshold in older listeners and to correlate it with their speech perception abilities. In experiment I, fifteen older adults and fifteen young adults with normal hearing sensitivity were tested for spectral ripple discrimination ability in quiet (SRDT) and speech recognition in noise (S...

OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out to compare the consonant perception of young and middle-aged adults in quiet and noisy listening conditions. MATERIALS and METHODS: Twenty-nine adults aged between 18 and 55 years old participated in the study, and were separated into two groups based on their age: Group I, comprising 15 young adults ag...

Objective To monitor the effect of mastoid drilling on the non-operated ear distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Materials and methods Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured at frequencies of f 2 = 2, 3, 4 and 5 kHz, and a frequency ratio f 1 /f 2 = 1.22. DPOAEs were measured in 49 cases, pre and post-operatively who u...

Language development is an ongoing process. The understanding of figurative expressions such as similes begins during the preschool years with subsequent improvement throughout childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. Studies pertaining to the development of such higher language skills are limited, especially in a multilingual setup like India.M...

Objective: This article aims to describe the characteristics of the binaural interaction component (BIC) of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR). Materials and methods: All 15 subjects had normal peripheral hearing sensitivity. ABRs were elicited by speech stimulus /da/. Results: The first BIC (BIC-SP1) in the speech-evoked ABR occu...

One of the recent diagnostic tests to assess the function of otolithic organs is through vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing. There are equivocal findings on effect of aging on oVEMP parameters with reference to latencies. Hence this study was taken up to investigate the age related changes in oVEMP parameters. This present study co...

Nonlinear dynamic analysis identifies and describe the presence of ''rules'' underlying the seemingly random nature of a severely perturbed voice. Using this technique, the perturbed voice signal may be viewed as ''chaotic'' in nature rather than randomly perturbed. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of human voices have established the existence of chaos...

Introduction : Studies have highlighted the sensitivity of Formant centralization ratio (FCR) in the identification of vowel centralization. Since children with Downs Syndrome (DS) are found to exhibit imprecise articulation, the present study aimed at evaluating whether children with DS exhibit vowel centralization using FCR. Method : The study in...

Introduction: Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic renal failure is believed to be of multifactorial etiology. Associated hypertension and diabetes mellitus, use of ototoxic drugs, hemodialysis and the changes in metabolic parameters are the various reasons quoted for the hearing loss. Objectives: Our study attempts to correlate the hearing thres...

The cepstral measures are gaining attention in the voice analysis as it is reported to be strong predictor of voice impairments. As singer's voice is reported to be present with more harmonics, it can be hypothesized that there would be an increase in the value of cepstral parameters. Also, little is known about the cepstral characteristics of voic...

The study was done to compare speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) in normal-hearing individuals without diabetes mellitus and normal-hearing individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study design was used to carry out the study. A total of 50 individuals were recruited in the study, divided into two groups. One gr...

Stuttering is a complex communication disorder that impedes the normal flow and pattern of speech, which is characterized by involuntary audible or inaudible pause, repetitions, prolongations, blocks, etc. Other than the core behaviors, people who stutter experience various other problems such as fear, anxiety, depression, shame, etc., which can in...