Javier Pajares

Universidad de Valladolid | UVA · Grupo de Ingeniería de los Sistemas Sociales

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to shed light on the output of project management (PM) dynamic capabilities Specifically, the study investigates what effect PM dynamic capabilities have on company performance, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation effect of project and portfolio performance. Additionally, it tests whether program...

Project managers need to manage risks throughout the project lifecycle and, thus, need to know how changes in activity durations influence project duration and risk. We propose a new indicator (the Activity Risk Index, ARI) that measures the contribution of each activity to the total project risk while it is underway. In particular, the indicator i...

Obtaining a viable schedule baseline that meets all project constraints is one of the main issues for project managers. The literature on this topic focuses mainly on methods to obtain schedules that meet resource restrictions and, more recently, financial limitations. The methods provide different viable schedules for the same project, and the sol...

There are proven techniques and tools that project managers use to monitor and control the project. Some of them are as common as the Earned Value methodology (EVM). Due to the limitations of the previous methodology, procedures arise that incorporate uncertainty in the project control. However, the advance in research on advanced statistical techn...

The original version of this book was inadvertently published with incorrect author name in the chapter “Application of Combinatorial Auctions to Create a 3D Printing Market” the author's name has been changed from “Sandra Castillo” to “Salvador Castillo-Rivera”.

This work presents the bases of a managed market, “Lonja”, using combinatorial auctions. This is used to purchase products made with 3D printing (additive manufacturing technologies). In this market, the organization and coordination of collaborative offers will be facilitated between the customers that will receive the bids from the manufacturers...

p>Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are introduced to tackle the packing problem. The scheduling in Additive Manufacturing (AM) is also dealt with to set up a managed market, called “Lonja3D”. This will enable to determine an alternative tool through the combinatorial auctions, wherein the customers will be able to purchase the products at the best prices f...

Las grandes empresas están totalmente involucradas en su transformación digital, y en concreto en el desarrollo de proyectos estratégicos de Business Intelligence (BI). Cuentan con una Estrategia Digital y directivos al más alto nivel gestionando el cambio. En las PYMES también se realizan proyectos de BI. En este trabajo se presentan los resultado...

Additive manufacturing of spare parts significantly impacts industrial, social, and environmental aspects. However, a literature review shows that: (i) academic papers on the adoption of additive manufacturing have focused mainly on large companies; (ii) the methods required by SMEs to adopt new technologies differ from those employed by large comp...

The main issue for portfolio managers is to find a feasible schedule that guarantees the availability of the resources required by the activities at the dates they are scheduled, which is the classical objective of the Resource-Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling Problem (RCMPSP). This paper goes one step further and presents an algorithm that sol...

Since the Earned Duration Management (EDM) methodology was introduced as an alternative tool for project monitoring and control, several research projects have arisen to take advantage of the results offered by this methodology. The objective of this paper is twofold, on the one hand, to incorporate uncertainty into the project activities and to us...

This paper presents a novel algorithm to solve the multi-project scheduling problem with resource constraints (RCMPSP). The algorithm was tested with all the problems proposed in the multi-project scheduling problem library, which is the main reference to benchmark RCMPSP algorithms. Our analysis of the results demonstrates that this algorithm, in...

There are proven techniques and tools that project managers use to monitor and control the project. Some of them are as common as the Earned Value methodology (EVM). Due to the limitations of the previous methodology, procedures arise that incorporate uncertainty in the project control. However, the advance in research on advanced statistical techn...

Airport slot allocation is a combinatorial allocation problem involving different complex and autonomous systems. Nowadays, airport slots are allocated in a two-stage process: primary allocation is performed according to a set of administrative rules and for each airport independently, while secondary allocation is based on trading mechanisms. Seve...

Presentamos una formulación unificada para el problema de programación con recursos limitados en entornos mono y multi-proyecto: Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) y Resource-Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling Problem (RCMPSP), respectivamente. Aunque este tema ha sido tratado ampliamente en la literatura, no nos consta que l...

We are at the beginning of a new technological revolution, propelled by the development of cyber-physical systems and technologies like Internet of Things, Bid Data, Cloud Computing, 3D Printing, etc. Therefore, we will see an avalanche of projects to implement new business models, products, services and companies. In this paper, we analyse the mai...

The interest in how to build resilient organizations is increasing in the last two decades. However , there is no formal and accepted framework yet. In this paper, we argue that the application of the principles of the Viable System Model (VSM) improves organizational resilience. We also argue that the VSM constitutes a valid framework to design re...

El Descubrimiento de América permite hacer un análisis completo de la Gestión de los Stakeholders en un proyecto. La investigación se divide en tres pasos. Primero, la identificación de los principales interesados, sus roles, intereses y expectativas. Segundo, clasificación de su impacto. Y tercero, evaluación de la influencia en el proyecto de ést...

Start-up firms are novel companies, looking for a validated business model. In this paper, we argue that start-ups can be managed more effectively and efficiently as a portfolio of projects, instead of using the classical functional organization. As new firms, start-ups must define and implement new products and services, develop new markets, stabl...

The aim of this paper is to describe a new an integrated methodology for project control under uncertainty. This proposal is based on Earned Value Methodology and risk analysis and presents several refinements to previous methodologies. More specifically, the approach uses extensive Monte Carlo simulation to obtain information about the expected be...

The Discovery of America marks the point between the medieval times and the modern age, and it can be considered as a good case study for the project stakeholder management. Although the Stakeholder Theory appeared in the 1980s in the Management, it took a relevant function in the project management in the last years. The different roles played by...

The Discovery of America is a good example of Project Stakeholder Management. Although the Stakeholder Theory appeared in the 80’s in the Management, it took a relevant function in the Project Management in the last years. In fact, the most important publications in this area (PMBOK and ISO 21500) have considered in their last versions. The differe...

La Metodología del Valor Ganado permite al Director de Proyecto identificar desviaciones en la ejecución del proyecto (costos, retrasos) respecto de su planificación, o conocer si se está ejecutando mejor que lo previsto. Teniendo en cuenta la incertidumbre de las actividades, la metodología no especifica si la desviación respecto de los valores pr...

In this paper we propose a new methodology for project control under uncertainty. In particular, we integrate Earned Value Methodology (EVM) with project risk analysis. The methodology helps project managers to know whether the project deviations from planned values are within the “expected” deviations derived from activity planned variability. Alt...

For years, many research studies have focused on programming projects, assuming a deterministic environment and complete task information. However, during the project performance, schedule may be subject to uncertainty which can lead to significant modifications. This fact has led to an increasing scientific literature in the field. In this article...

Project Portfolio Management (PPM) has been mainly concerned with aligning projects with corporate strategy, focusing on methodologies for project valuation, selection and ranking. The output of PPM is a collection of selected projects, ranked according to their contribution strategy. On the other side, multi-project management (MPM) is focused on...

In this paper we present a novel learning methodology for the development of Project Management (PM) competences. This methodology has been successfully applied on the practical module of the Master in Project Management of the University of Valladolid (Spain) over the last four terms. As in most masters in PM, our practical module includes pract...

In this paper we explore through a case study how project estimated duration and project variability are affected by changes in activity duration and/or its variability. This analysis allows us to reveal the most influencing activities, and how they impact project duration and variability. At the same time, criticality in-dex and cruciality index a...

In this paper, we propose an innovative and simple graphical framework for project control and monitoring, to integrate the dimensions of project cost and schedule with risk management, therefore extending the Earned Value methodology (EVM). EVM allows Project managers to know whether the project has overruns (over-costs and/or delays), but project...

International Development (ID) projects have turned project failure into a rule rather than an exception. Developed in the 1960's, the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is the most widespread body of knowledge for managing ID projects. However, LFA has proved to have several liabilities. This paper aims to provide a list of the critical success fact...

En este artículo se realiza un estudio sobre la duración estimada del proyecto y su variabilidad y como estos parámetros pueden verse afectados al modificar los correspondientes valores esperados medios y variabilidad esperada de cada una de las actividades. Del estudio se deducen qué actividades son las más influyentes y en qué medida modifica...

In this paper, we propose a graphical framework for integrated management of project cost, time and activity risks. We use Earned Value methodology and Monte Carlo simulation in order to define control indexes. These control indexes tell us whether the cost and time deviations from planning phase remain under the expected project variability. By me...

Ampliando el trabajo de investigación que los autores desarrollan sobre la incertidumbre en los proyectos, en este artículo integraremos el riesgo estacional presente en el proyecto para poder comparar la Línea Base de Riesgos resultante de cada periodo, en función de la fecha de comienzo del Proyecto. Posteriormente y representando en nuestro gráf...

In this paper we propose two new metrics that combine Earned Value Management (EVM) and Project Risk Management for project controlling and monitoring. We compare EVM cost and schedule variances with the deviation the project should have under the risk analysis expected conditions.These two indexes allow project managers to analyse whether the proj...

In this paper we show the results of a detailed replication of the Emergence of Classes Model (Axtell et al. 2000). We study the effect of possible biases on the original proposal and we find additional results and conclusions. We also explore the effects of minor changes on the decisions rules that agents play.

A main challenge in project management is to provide methodologies that facilitate coordination among the projects in a portfolio or in a firm. Each incoming project in an existing portfolio affects its schedule, the resources availability and the planned performance. There are no analytical solutions for the problem of dynamic scheduling of resour...

In this paper, we propose an agent based model that describes the spatial and temporal evolution of an industry composed of a set of heterogeneous firms distributed in different regions. The model formalizes a particular hypothesis about spatial agglomeration and industrial concentration phenomena in which innovation occupies the central place of e...

With the increase in globalization, integration of world markets, and rise in the concept of transnational corporations, the importance of project management has increased many folds. An efficient project management helps new enterprises to achieve competitiveness, speed of response, and closeness to customer demands by improving their flexibility...

Palabras clave: mercados financieros artificiales, relaciones precio-volumen-volatilidad. Abstract. The relationship among trading volume, prices, returns, etc., of financial assets is complex, but its proper understanding may be of great influence on the development of financial theories.Throughout the last half century, many researchers have face...

Firms need to support the undergoing strategic projects and programs. In this paper we show how Project Management can lead the challenge to build up the Enterprise Project Management Office (EPMO). We show preliminary experiences that confi rm that this institution allows aligning strategy and the projects in the organization. We describe and anal...

Firms need to support the undergoing strategic projects and programs. In this paper we show how Project Management can lead the challenge to build up the Enterprise Project Management Office (EPMO). We show preliminary experiences that confirm that this institution allows aligning strategy and the projects in the organization. We describe and analy...

En este artículo demostramos cómo una aproximación inspirada en los procedimientos de asignación utilizados en los mercados financieros permite una asignación eficiente de recursos a proyectos en un entorno multiproyecto. Presentamos una herramienta desarrollada para dar soporte en tiempo real alas necesidades de planificación y programación de la...

In this paper, we show how an approach inspired on allocation procedures used in financial markets allows an efficient resource assignment in multi-project environments. This novel approach can give support to engineering and consultancy companies, with their project portfolio planning and scheduling in dynamic environments. Project portfolio and r...

In this paper we replicate the model by Axtell et al. (2000), a game where two agents ask for proportions of the same pie. After simulating the same scenarios, we get the same results, both in the cases of one-agent and two-agent types (tag model). Once we know the model has been properly replicated, we go one step further, by analyzing the influen...

The relationship among trading volume, prices, returns, etc., of financial assets is complex, but its proper understanding may be of great influence on the development of financial theories. Throughout the last half century, many researchers have faced the issue, but a general consensus has not been reached. In this paper, we propose to use agent b...

In this paper, we extend the traditional evolutionary model of homogeneous product market by incorporating a particular abstraction of imperfect monopolistic competition borrowed from Dixit and Stiglitz. Specifically, we analyze a formal model of an industry in which a set of heterogeneous firms produce differentiated products; consumers have a pre...

Most existing methods for scheduling projects are based on centralized or hierarchical decision making using global models. So far, these methods have not produced the desired results, especially in highly dynamic multi-projects environments. In this study, we investigate a new method based on multi-agent systems and a combinatorial auction mechan...

Most existing methods for scheduling projects are based on centralized or hierarchical decision making using global models. So far, these methods have not produced the desired results, especially in highly dynamic multi-projects environments. In this study, we investigate a new method based on multi-agent systems and a combinatorial auction mechani...

There are no analytical solutions for the problem of dynamic scheduling of resources for multiple projects in realtime. Mathematical approaches, like integer programming or network based techniques, cannot describe complexity of real problems (multi-projects environments have many interrelated elements), and have difficulties to adapt the analysis...

Burgos. C/ Villadiego, s/n 09001. Burgos, jmgalan@ubu.es Keywords: simulación, agent-based modelling, dirección integrada proyectos 1. Introducción. La programación de la producción ha sido abordada tradicionalmente desde la visión del planificador central. Se han propuesto heurísticas y sistemas de planificación que permiten determinar la óptima s...

In this paper we demonstrate that artificial socially inspired agents play strategically a two-stage game, with asymmetric information, and replicate results obtained from experimental sessions with humans. The game is inspired in a negotiation supplier-client in two stages where there is not a priori bargaining power. Both sides can play strategic...

In this paper we built up an agent-based model inspired by human-subject behaviour in a signaling game experiment. The behavioural patterns of players observed in the experiment are classified in terms of attitudes, emotions and frugal and fast heuristics. We build up an agent-based model where artificial agents are endowed with these cognitive pat...

Knowledge and proximity are key concepts in the Geography of Innovation literature (Boschma, 2005). Innovating processes are uncertain because they often take place under unsure conditions and fierce business competitiveness. Geographical proximity can reduce this uncertainty since it potentially facilitates labor movement and knowledge interchange...

del Project Management. Palabras clave: Dirección de proyectos, valor ganado, programación ganada, riesgo. 1. Introducción Desde el punto de vista intuitivo, podemos considerar un proyecto como la consecución de un conjunto de objetivos en un plazo establecido y con un determinado presupuesto. Por ello, durante la ejecución del mismo, es necesario...

In this chapter we show how agent based social simulation helps us to improve some of the traditional models and theories in financial economics. In particular, we explore the links between the microbehaviour of investors and the aggregated behaviour of stock markets. First, we build an agent based model of an artificial financial market, populated...

Reviewing the Geography of Innovation literature about Knowledge Spillovers phenomena we find the idea that knowledge externalities spring from an interactive learning process between agents. Learning by personal contacts does not only require a geographical closeness, but also cognitive proximity that makes possible understanding and social proxim...

In this paper, we use an agent based artificial stock market to explore the relations between the heterogeneity of investors behaviour and the aggregated behaviour of financial markets. In particular, we want to recover the main statistical features of the Spanish Stock Market, as the high levels of kurtosis, excess volatility, non normality of pri...

Resumen En este artículo, analizamos la posibilidad de explicar el comportamiento a nivel agregado del mercado a partir de los micro-comportamientos de los inversores que en él intervienen. En primer lugar, implementamos un modelo basado en agentes de un mercado bursátil, poblado por inversores "fundamentales". Comprobamos que sus patrones estadíst...

Resumen En econometría es frecuente el uso de modelos autor regresivos (AR) para representar procesos estocásticos lineales. Los modelos AR ofrecen algun as características deseables tales como la sencillez para especificar el modelo (seleccionar e l orden) o para estimar los parámetros (la estimación puede realizarse por mínimos cuadrados e n un s...

The use of subspace algorithms for the identification of non-stationary cointegrated stochastic systems is a promising technique that is currently under discussion. A revision of the literature provides two distinct algorithms: State Space Aoki Time Series (SSATS) identification algorithm (Aoki and Havenner 1991) and the Adapted Canonical Correlati...