Javier Etayo

I.E.S. zizur Institute · Biology & Geology

This study was focused on lichenicolous fungi from the Antarctic region whose diversity is not yet well known. The sampling was carried out in the maritime Antarctica, South Shetland Islands, Livingston Island, during a trip in 2018. In total, more than one hundred species of lichenicolous fungi were collected, of which a selection has been studied...

The importance of the COI lichen herbarium is increased by the results shown here. Forty-seven taxa are reported from Africa, forty-three from Angola and seven from Mozambique. Four species are new to Africa, 30 to Angola and 3 to Mozambique. Two species are described as new to science: Parmotrema carballalianum and Sclerococcum parmotrematis, a li...

Altogether 322 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi are reported from Ecuador of which many are probably new records for the country. These include five species which are described as new to science: Bacidia andina, Bacidina pulverula, Distopyrenis epidiorygma, Pertusaria lucidotetra and P. pseudoparnassia . From the separately treated genera Le...

While most lichenicolous fungi belong to the Ascomycota, c. 5% of them are members of the Basidiomycota. Among these, the poorly known genus Crittendenia in the Pucciniomycotina has recently been described for lichenicolous fungi with minuscule needle-like synnematous basidiomata. Although only two species were hitherto known, the wide observed hos...

La Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos, Chile, ha sido identificada como un área de alta diversidad de briófitas y se ha sugerido que también lo sea para los líquenes. Sin embargo, en contraste con los extensos estudios de briófitas, sólo se habían realizado inventarios preliminares de líquenes en esta reserva. Realizamos el primer estudio florís...

Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Navarra (Spain) mountains.

Aims : To clarify the syntaxonomic position of the grasslands in Navarre, with special focus on the dry grasslands, and to characterise the resulting syntaxonomic units in terms of diagnostic species and ecological conditions. Study area : Navarre (northern Spain). Methods : We sampled 119 plots of 10 m ² following the standardised EDGG methodology...

Aims Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the...

The class Eurotiomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) comprises important fungi used for medical, agricultural, industrial and scientific purposes. Eurotiomycetes is a morphologically and ecologically diverse monophyletic group. Within the Eurotiomycetes, different ascoma morphologies are found including cleistothecia and perithecia but also apothe...

The identity and phylogenetic placement of some lichenicolous Pleosporales were studied using morphological and molecular data. Two new species are described, Didymocyrtis azorica on Hypotrachyna rockii, from the Azores, and Pseudopyrenidium epipertusariae on Pertusaria pertusa, from Spain in oceanic montane woods, with a Phoma-like asexual state....

Three species of lichenicolous Opegrapha s. lat. are newly described, all apparently host-specific at genus level. Opegrapha arthoniicola Coppins & S. Y. Kondr. is described from western Britain and Ireland, where it grows on the thallus of Arthonia radiata on Corylus bark; it has small clustered ascomata, asci that are usually 6-spored and rather...

Lichens, as well as other organisms, should be considered important biodiversity components for the establishment of priorities in conservation biology. In this study, we report six new recent localities of the highly endangered, epiphytic macrolichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata in Spain: two in Navarra and four in A Coruña. Previous Spanish reports b...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linterom...

Two lichenicolous fungi are described as new to science from Brazil: Cryptodiscus gassicurtiae on Gassicurtia coccinea from Alagoas, with very small (60–150 µm diam.), grey to brownish apothecia, and Stigmidium anguinellicola on Nyungwea anguinella from Sergipe, without black patches on the host, and ascospores with halo, 8–11 × 3–3.5 µm. Nine furt...

As a result of lichenological exploration in Bitlis province (Turkey), a total of 325 lichens and 21 lichenicolous fungi, which are belonging 113 genera in Ascomycota were determined from 92 different localities. Buellia vouauxii, a lichenicolous fungus, and is new to Turkey and also new for Asia. Aspicilia glomerulans, Llimoniella muralicola, Myri...

The website http://outlineoffungi.org, is launched to provide a continuous up-to-date classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi) and fungus-like taxa. This is based on 1516 recent publications and on the outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa published recently (Mycosphere 11, 1060-1456, Doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8). The website...

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomoph...

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomoph...

Neotropical mountain forests are characterized by having hyperdiverse and unusual fungi inhabiting lichens. The great majority of these lichenicolous fungi (i.e., detectable by light microscopy) remain undescribed and their phylogenetic relationships are mostly unknown. This study focuses on lichenicolous fungi inhabiting the genus Lobariella ( Pel...

Lichen-inhabiting fungi are highly specialized mycoparasites, commensals or rarely saprotrophs, that are common components of almost every ecosystem, where they develop obligate associations with lichens. Their relevance, however, contrasts with the relatively small number of these fungi described so far. Recent estimates and ongoing studies indica...

Three lichenicolous fungi occcuring on Tephromela atra and Lecidea fuscoatra– Rhymbocarpus fuscoatrae, Sclerococcum tephromelarum and Skyttea tephromelarum, collected from the Tunceli and Bingöl provinces of Turkey – are reported as new to Turkey and Asia, following a recent lichenological survey in those provinces. Short descriptions are provided,...

Zamora J.C., Millanes A.M., Etayo J. & Wedin M. 2018: Tremella mayrhoferi, a new lichenicolous species on Lecanora allophana. – Herzogia 31: 666–676.Tremella mayrhoferi, inducing galls on the hymenium of Lecanora allophana, is described. The description is based on molecular, morphological and ecological data of 27 specimens from Finland, Norway, S...

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (relevés) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots...

In this paper three new species of Plectocarpon, P. dimorphosporum (on Ricasolia patinifera), P. parmotrematis (on Parmotrema reticulatum) and P. ramalinae (on Ramalina celastri), are described from tropical montane forests in the Bolivian Andes. Plectocarpon dimorphosporum is characterized by strongly convex ascomata covered by the host cortex whe...

Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to am...

About the presence of Pseudopyrenidium tartaricola (Eurotiomycetes, lichenicolous fungi) in the Pyrenees (Spain). The presence of Pseudopyrenidium tartaricola is mentioned in the Pyrenees, specifically in the province of Huesca (Spain). Ps. tartaricola is a lichenicolous fungus with predominantly arctic-boreal distribution, which grows on different...

Three species of lichenicolous fungi have been found growing on Roccella montagnei in Angola: Lecanographa imitans, Milospium graphideorum, and the newly described Lecanographa rosea, a species with pinkish ascomata, a poorly developed exciple and hyaline, 3-septate ascospores. A revised key of all known, lichenicolous fungi growing on Roccella is...

The following five new species are described from Panama: Anisomeridium trichialis, Arthothelium isidiatum, Astrothelium flavomegaspermum, Mycocalicium chiodectonicola and Polymeridium xanthopleurothecium. In addition, 41 species are reported from Panama for the first time. © 2017 by The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10–15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced...

The new lichenicolous fungus Capronia suijae growing on the thallus of corticolous Xanthoria parietina is described from Belarus and compared with similar species. In addition to its host selection, the species is characterized by comparatively small ascomata, 40–80 μm diam., and (0–1–)3-septate ascospores, 9·5–11·5×4·0–5·0 μm. A key to the licheni...

Many species of lichen-forming fungi are currently threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Red Lists represent an important tool for conservation strategies of species and their habitats. To date, no Red List of these organisms is available in Spain and Portugal. Recently, the Spanish Lichen Society (SEL) launched an initiative i...

Etayo, J. & Pérez-Ortega, S. 2016. Lichenicolous lichens and fungi from Monfragüe National Park (western Spain). — Herzogia 29: 315–328. We present the first survey of lichenicolous lichens and fungi in Monfragüe National Park, Cáceres (Spain). Seven localities were visited, including the most characteristic ecosystems. Forty taxa were recorded, mo...

Eleven species of lichenicolous fungi are recorded from Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Park in Vietnam. Capronia josefhafellneri growing on apothecia and thallus of Septotrapelia triseptata is described as new to science. It is characterized by comparatively short setae up to 30 μm long and (0-)1(-2)-septate ascospores. Clypeococcum rugosisporum and Zwack...

The following 46 new species of Trypetheliaceae are described: Astrothelium aenascens Aptroot from Papua New Guinea, which is similar to A. aenoides but differs by the hamathecium which is not inspersed; A. alboverrucoides Aptroot from Indonesia with globose ascomata with constricted base, internally similar to A. megaspermum ; A. clypeatum Aptroot...

Abstract Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms. Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases (notably Index Fungorum, Species Fungorum and MycoBank) can be sourced to find taxonomic details about fungi, while DNA sequence data can be sourced from NCBI, EBI and UNITE databa...

A new genus and species of lichenicolous fungi, Macroskyttea parmotrematis, inhabiting thalli of Parmotrema aberrans and P. ultralucens, is described from montane forests in Bolivia. The new genus is similar to Skyttea and Diplolaeviopsis from which it clearly differs in larger apothecia with widely exposed black pigmented discs, macroscopically ea...

Neobarya usneae Etayo is a relatively uncommon lichenicolous fungus that forms distinctive obpyriform ascomata on species of Usnea. The species is one of five known lichenicolous species in Neobarya, a genus established in the Clavicipitaceae that contains a variety of mycoparasitic species. The only molecular data for Neobarya species available in...

Sixty-six species belonging to the order Peltigerales are reported from Bolivia. Four species, Coccocarpia gallaicoi, C. microphyllina, Lobariella spathulifera and L. subcrenulata, are new to the Southern Hemisphere and Coccocarpia adnata is new to South America. 29 taxa are recorded for the first time in Bolivia. Several other taxa are reported fo...

The new obligately lichenicolous fungus, Melaspilea tucumana Flakus, Etayo & Kukwa, inhabiting thalli of saxicolous Pertusaria s. lat. is described from Tucumano-Boliviano vegetation in Bolivia. The species is characterized by the gall formation and superficial, lirelliform to branched, aggregated apothecioid ascomata with widely exposed discs. The...

Two new genera and four new species of bulbil-forming basidiomycetes are described. Phylogenetic analyses of nuLSU and ITS sequences place them in Cantharellales. A facultative lichenicolous species with yellow to orange-yellow bulbils from South America groups with the type of Burgella and is consequently described as B. lutea. The new species and...

Three species of lichenicolous fungi are reported as new to Turkey: Buelliella poetschii and Codonmyces lecanorae (both also new to Asia) and Polycoccum pulvinatum. Short descriptions are presented, including geographic distribution, host, and a comparison with similar taxa.

As a result of lichenological exploration in the province of Iǧdi{dotless}r, Turkey, forty species of lichenicolous fungi belonging to eighteen genera were identified on twenty-seven different lichenized fungi. Four lichenicolous fungi-Arthonia protoparmeliopsidis, Lichenostigma radicans, L. subradians and Sclerococcum sphaerale-represent new recor...

The new obligately lichenicolous fungus, Melaspilea tucumana Flakus, Etayo & Kukwa, inhabiting thalli of saxicolous Pertusaria s. lat. is described from Tucumano-Boliviano vegetation in Bolivia. The species is characterized by the gall formation and superficial, lirelliform to branched, aggregated apothecioid ascomata with widely exposed discs. The...

110 records of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Andorra, Portugal and Spain, (mostly the latter country). One genus and four species are described as new to science: Phaeospora everniae on Evernia prunastri, Polycoccum ibericum on Rinodina sp., Zwackhiomacromyces constrictocarpus gen. et. sp. nov. on Megalospora, and Zwackhiomyces melanohaleae...

The new lichenicolous Capronia paranectrioides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa, inhabiting thalli of Erioderma leylandii, is described from Bolivia. The species is characterized by pale brown, submuriform and bicaudate ascospores, subglobose to barrel-shaped perithecia and I+ red, K/I+ pale blue hymenial gelatine. It is the first known Capronia species produ...

Lichenochora tertia is a new lichenicolous fungus described from Peruvian Andes. The species is characterized by small perithecia deeply immersed in the thallus of Xanthoria elegans and small, narrowly ellipsoidal ascospores with subtle torus along the septum; the fungus does not induce gall formation.

Three new species of lichenicolous fungi from the Canary Islands (Leightoniomyces canariensis, Lichenodiplis anomalus and Perigrapha phaeophysciae), are described as new to science. A description of each species is given together with notes on their chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy. Similar species are briefly discussed.

Th e genus Biazrovia is described from Siberia for the single new species B. stereocaulicola growing on Stereocaulon species. It is characterized by a lichenicolous habit; fi nally urceolate orange-brown apothecia; a cupulate non-hairy exciple; a hyaline, I−, K/I− hymenium; fi liform, apically swollen paraphyses; 8-spored, I−, K/ I− asci with an ap...

Niesslia echinoides Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa sp. nov. is described from Bolivia from the corticolous thallus of Erioderma barbellatum. The fungus is characterized by large ascospores usually breaking into halves within the asci, strongly setose and aggregated ascomata, usually simple setae, and no damage caused to the host thallus.

The first checklist of lichenicolous fungi for the Dominican Republic is presented. The annotated list includes a total of 24 taxa, 15 of which are reported for the first time from the region and one (Xenonectriella dirinariae on Dirinaria sp.) that is described as new to science.

The new genus Isthmoconidium with its type species I. bacidiicola, growing on thalli of the corticolous lichen Bacidia heterochroa in the Bermudas, is described and illustrated. Very small conidiomata, polyblastic conidiogenous cells and violaceous conidia composed of two cells linked by a thin isthmus or with one cell plugged into the other cell a...

A new gall-inducing lichenicolous fungus, Plectocarpon stereocaulicola Kukwa, Etayo and Flakus, is described from Bolivia from the thalli of Stereocaulon sp. The new species is characterized by black, epruinose rounded ascomata with a carbonized surface and a thalline pseudo-margin, as well as a non-carbonized, light brown sterile stromatic tissue...

This paper presents new records of 144 lichen species from Bolivia, of which 38 are new to the country, namely Aspidothelium fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Astrothelium galbineum Kremp., Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent., Bulbothrix apophysata (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, Canoparmelia caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale, Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke, C. c...

Two new species of lichenicolous fungi: Acremonium pertusariae on Pertusaria spp. and A. bavaricum on Melanelixia glabratula are described. A new combination is proposed for Dendrodochium subeffusum.

Etayo, J. & Sharuddin, S. S. 2011. Verruculina and Lichenoverruculina nom.nov. – Herzogia 24: x–x. The name Verruculina Etayo is recognized as a later homonym of Verruculina Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. As both genera are distinct, a new name, Lichenoverruculina Etayo & Sharuddin, is proposed here to replace Verruculina Etayo, and the new combination Lic...

As a result of lichenological exploration in Ardahan (Turkey), thirty-four species of lichenicolous fungi belonging to 15 genera were determined on 20 different lichenized fungi. Three lichenicolous fungi — Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenoconium lichenicola, Polycoccum evae — are reported as new to Turkey and the Middle East. In addition Lichenosti...

The new species Zwackhiomyces sulcatus sp. nov. growing on Austroparmelina macrospora from Australia is described as new to science. This species represents the first lichenicolous fungus found growing on this recently described Southern Hemisphere parmelioid genus. The most important characters are discussed and compared to morphologically closely...

The new lichenicolous fungus Llimoniella cinnabarinae growing on Ramboldia cinnabarina from Alaska is described. The lack of excipular or epihymenial K+ purplish, violet or green pigments places it near the recently described L. phaeophysciae group. Its affinity with Llimoniella and other members of lichenicolous Helotiales is discussed.

Calongea, Calongia, and Calongeomyces nom. nov. - Volume 43 Issue 3 - David L. Hawksworth, Javier Etayo

Five new species of lichenicolous conidial fungi from Spain are described. The genus Lichenohendersonia Calatayud & Etayo gen.nov. is introduced to accommodate three new coelomycetes: Lichenohendersonia squamarinae Calatayud & Etayo sp.nov. (on Squamarina lentigera), Lichenohendersonia uniseptata Etayo & Calatayud sp.nov. (on Parmelina tiliacea), a...

Buellia rhizocarpica is described from Mexico. This corticolous species is characterized by a yellowish, granulose thallus, the presence of rhizocarpic acid and an unknown pulvinic acid derivative, apothecia containing large amounts of micromera-green together with yellow crystals which react K+ pinkish and by the presence of very small, Buellia-ty...

Background/Question/Methods Although there is a general agreement among conservation practitioners about the need for (1) social involvement on the part of scientists, (2) interdisciplinary approaches, and (3) working on local, regional, and global levels, a major challenge we face in conservation today is how to integrate and implement these multi...

The new conidial lichenicolous fungus Calongia gibelluloides gen. sp. nov. is described from discoloured soredial patches on thalli of Flavoparmelia caperata and discoloured squamules of a Cladonia species collected in northern Spain. It is especially unusual in its minute size, the solitary conidiophores reaching at most 45 μm and bearing a cluste...

Pronectria collematis, growing on Collema auriforme, C. cristatum, and C. undulatum, is described from Germany and Spain.

The new genus Labrocarpon is introduced for the species Melaspilea canariensis based on the presence of excipular periphysoids. In addition, Buelliella protoparmeliopsis is described from Chile, the twelfth species of the genus. Notes on the two new taxa and related species are provided.

Pronectria rolfiana Etayo sp. nov. is described on Solorina sp. from Austria and Germany. The new species has been confused with Xenonectriella lutescens, a species hitherto reported from one locality in Bavaria. Scutula pseudocyphellariae Etayo & Triebel is described on Pseudocyphellaria berberina and P. flavicans from southern Chile and Unguicula...

The new lichenicolous Llimoniella phaeophysciae, known from Italy, Spain and the USA (Arizona) on Phaeophyscia, resembles Geltingia associata in the subcylindrical asci with uniseriate, shortly ellipsoid ascospores, but is distinguished by several important characters. Gelatinopsis acarosporicola, G. heppiae, Geltingia groenlandiae and Psorotichia...

Pertusaria aceroae and Pertusaria calderae from the Canary Islands are described as new to science. A description of each species is given together with notes on their chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy. Related lichen taxa are discussed.