Javid Ahmad Parray

Department of Higher Education JK · Department of environemntal sciecne

Algal biofuels offer renewable energy options with less of an adverse effect on the environment, making them a possible substitute for fossil fuels. Nonetheless, there are many obstacles in the way of producing algae biofuels on a large scale. The high expenses associated with growing, harvesting, and conversion technologies are major economic and...

The promise of renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions has sparked a lot of research interest in biofuels made from organic wastes and biomass. Microalgae are a particularly interesting feedstock among biomass sources because of their high lipid content, quick productivity, and capacity to adapt to harsh...

Algal biomass conversion into biofuels involves several advanced technologies that optimize the production of renewable energy. Key conversion technologies include chemical, biochemical, and thermal processes, each playing a vital role in transforming algal biomass into usable biofuels. Chemical and biochemical conversion methods, such as transeste...

Microalgae and macroalgae are the two most promising species of algae to use as feedstocks for the generation of biofuels; microalgae are especially preferred due to their high lipid content and photosynthetic efficiency. Microalgae have biomass rich in lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates and can grow in a variety of habitats, including freshwater...

Although algal biomass has a lot of potential for producing biofuel, efficient harvesting and preprocessing techniques are necessary to maximize its yield and make it financially feasible. Diverse methods, such as flocculation, filtration, and centrifugation, are used to harvest algal biomass; each has benefits and drawbacks related to cost and eff...

More than a century has passed since the worldwide emergence of biofertilizers in the field of industry and agriculture, and more than a decade has passed since their production in Iran. Biofertilizers have a vital place in sustainable and organic agriculture. Despite understanding the functional mechanism of bacteria and their role in developing a...

Clusters of silver atoms that range in size from one to one hundred nanometers are known as silver nanoparticles. Due to their distinct characteristics, they are used extensively in several domains, such as healthcare and farming. Silver nanoparticles have increased the metal’s antibacterial activity against various bacteria, fungi, and viruses, im...

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Phages have predominantly been used in medical and veterinary applications, but they have recently gained attention for controlling plant diseases. The use of phages in the biological control of plant pathogens stems from their ability to kill bacteria and their presence in b...

Discovering microbiomes and how they interact with different environments has become an interesting and significant field of study in the biological sciences nowadays. “Microbiome and Ecosystem Approaches”, the title of this book chapter, dives into detail about how microbiota and their surroundings change over time. It starts with a basic explanat...

Melting glaciers, increased temperatures, and more severe and frequent storms (including extreme droughts, floods, and frosts), some of the concerns associated with climate change include the destruction of mountain ecosystems, deteriorating soil, and increasing water scarcity. To date, there needs to be more information about the potential effects...

This book focuses on the latest research in soil and microbiome, evaluating new and emerging innovations. Recent research has connected specific microbial taxa to plant productivity, and it is now possible to link changes in microbiome structure to the functioning of plants or crops due to advanced approaches. It provides: Insights into basic micr...

Enzymes can help break down plastic waste and make it less harmful to the environment. They can also be used to treat various types of waste, including agricultural and food waste, and wastewater. Enzyme engineering is an important part of chemical biotechnology and helps to keep the environment clean. Making clean and renewable fuels is a priority...

Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a devastating disease threatening the bell pepper industry. This pathogen affects all parts of plants including causing rot, blight, significant harm and losses the Capsicum species. In the present study, symptoms of blight and damping off were noted during two years of field surveys, February...

Biofuels are organic materials that can effectively replace fossil fuels to protect the environment. Various biofuels, including biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioethanol, and biogas, are produced today through specific production pathways. The production of these different biofuels depends on enzymes, either for the pretreatment of feedstock or as essent...

The depletion of fossil fuel supplies, global warming, unabated population increase, and expensive and troublesome waste recycling necessitate using renewable energy and consumer goods. It is possible to create biomass-based industrial methods as an alternative to the 100% oil economy. Globally, enormous volumes of lignocellulosic wastes are genera...

Sustainable catalytic technology development and use are essential to achieve our net-zero ambitions. Here, we summarize how modified enzymes—directed evolution being a particular emphasis—can enhance the sustainability of various processes and contribute to environmental preservation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) can now be captured by robust and efficien...

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) estimates that around 1.3 billion tonnes, or one-third, of the food produced worldwide for human consumption is lost during the supply chain. Food waste is now landfilled or burned with other combustible municipal garbage in several countries to recover energy potentially. However, the pressures from the...

Since plastic has been used in most industries and sectors, including building and construction, packaging, electronics, healthcare, and transportation, pollution from plastic has become a global issue. Due to the ever-increasing strain this has placed on the ecosystem, many scientists and environmentalists are focusing on developing strategies to...

Degrading resistant contaminants in wastewater, such as oil, grease, pesticides, medicines, and plastics, is challenging for conventional activated sludge processes. Due to their widespread presence, toxicity, resistance to natural biodegradation, and other detrimental effects, these pollutants pose a significant hazard to aquatic habitats and orga...

Chili pepper, widely recognized as a popular spice and an important cash crop worldwide, faces significant threats from climate change-related stress, particularly plant disease outbreaks. Emerging global diseases like Phytophthora blight, anthracnose fruit rot, and Ralstonia bacterial wilt threaten chili-producing countries, causing substantial an...

The upcoming book "Sustainable Urban Environment and Waste Management: Theory and Practice" will combine the present sustainable models that can help us develop a strategy to explain how policy changes can impact our nation's health through sustainable waste management. It will highlight the fundamentals and practical relevance of a framework for e...

Call for book chapters-The upcoming book, "Emerging Research in Environmental Sustainability: Assessment of Policies and Action Plans" covers most recent technological progress in the area of environmental management and sustainability whether you are an aspiring engineer, a seasoned expert, or a curious scientist, it offers a deep understanding of...

The main objectives of the present investigation was to characterize and recognize potential indigenous Rhi-zobium spp. associated with red clover nodules, as well as to evaluate the influence of prospective rhizobia inoculation (individual and consortia) on common bean plant growth. Total of 8 rhizobia like bacteria were isolated and were investig...

We have an open call for chapter publication in our upcoming book entitled: Environmental Landscape and Sustainable Biodiversity for Healthy Green Growth Planned to be published by “SPRINGER NATURE”. You are invited to submit Abstract and Queries to: javaidparray@uok.edu.in This book offers new insight on Sustainable Biodiversity for Healthy Gree...

This new book, Sustainability and Environmental Education: Integrating the Role of Technology and the AI Era, covers a wide range of topics relevant to sustainable education and its trends, challenges, and opportunities. It considers environmental education, the social and cultural implications of climate science, education and sustainable developm...

Various bacteria exhibit the capacity to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites, facilitating their adaptation to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Unlike primary metabolites, which play specific roles in regular growth and development, secondary metabolites may only be produced during particular developmental stages or under specific circumstanc...

The need for chemical-free farming methods is becoming more important due to the detrimental impacts of chemicals on human health and the environment. Finding innovative ways for the establishment of sustainable agriculture is crucial that may avoid the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as a means of increasing output. Microorganisms t...

Plant Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites provides the latest insights into the essential roles of these beneficial elements in plant growth, development, stress tolerance, and plant protection from soil-borne disease. The book provides a comprehensive guide, addressing the usefulness and utility of endophytes towards enhancing plant tolerance to...

The book gives detailed information about the understanding of microbial diversity and function in soil from genes to ecosystems, microbes as engines of ecosystem function, diversity of various symbiotic associations between microbes and host plants, molecular ecological network analyses, and ecosystem processes to unravel multispecies microbial co...

Most herbal plant farming operations still rely on conventional methods, negatively impacting human health and the environment. However, by using rhizobacteria to boost the yield and quality of herbal plants, farmers can make a more environmentally responsible and safe choice for consumers. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the dosage...

hizosphere: Ecology, Management and Application highlights the use of the rhizosphere microbiome to improve plant and soil health, including strengthening stress resistance and remediating negatively impacted soils. The book focuses on current developments and applications of related low input management strategies in high-value crops as well as no...

In Bangladesh's hill regions, where there is less cultivable land, increasing crop output requires efficient land use. Thus, in this challenging farming setting, two crop-based patterns evolved into three or four crop-based patterns. To increase cropping intensity and farmer income by incorporating mustard and mungbean in a rice-based cropping patt...

There are various performances done by microbes in ecosystem, which are very beneficial for microorganisms, plants and animals including soil aggregation, improved soil, water cycling and soil nutrients. Fungi, Bacteria, Protozoa, Nematodes, and Actinomycetes are few different types of microbes present in soil. In terms of soil dynamic, diversity a...

Higher input requirements for high yields result in environmental issues and the depletion of natural resources in agricultural systems. The wide genetic variation in microbial species reveals that microorganisms with high potential that can adapt to different environmental conditions can be identified. Soil quality is defined as a soil feature tha...

The heavy metal toxicity affects the aquatic plants and animals disturbing the biodiversity, and ecological balance, and causing bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Industrialization and urbanization are inevitable in modern-day life, the control and detoxification methods need to be accorded to meet the hazardous environment. Microorganisms and plant...

In the present era of climate change and global warming, high temperatures have increased considerably, posing a threat to plant life. Heat stress affects the biochemistry, physiology and molecular makeup of the plant by altering the key processes, i.e., photosynthesis, respiration and reproduction which reduces its growth and development. There is...

The agricultural sustainability concept considers higher food production combating biotic and abiotic stresses, socio-economic well-being, and environmental conservation. On the contrary, global warming-led climatic changes have appalling consequences on agriculture, generating shifting rainfall patterns, high temperature, CO2, drought, etc., promp...

Abiotic stresses are important limiting factors that limit the yields of crops. Plants need to develop such mechanisms that help in dealing with the harsh environment and soil health. Medicinal plants are important due to their medicinal, aesthetic, and bioactive phytochemical characteristics. Microorganisms display metabolic abilities to reduce st...

Plants have their microbiomes that live on the surface or within them. Microbiomes coexist with plants, play a key role in Nature's food cycle, and help assimilate nutrients; they play an important role in improving crops; protecting against heat, drought, and pathogenic organisms; and conserving endangered species. The rhizosphere that exists arou...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM fungi) are pervasive soil fungi in a symbiotic relationship with a large number of land plants. They rely on biological compounds (carbohydrate) provided by plants for growth and function, and in exchange, the fungi help plants obtain macroelements (e.g. phosphorus) from soil. Plant survival is improved by AM...

Climate change is a complex societal issue that we must comprehend to better deal with its challenge. Climate change has a significant impact on people’s lives, energy demand, food security, etc. The book provides an overview relevant to various biological mechanisms that regulate carbon exchanges between the major compo-nents and their response to...

The phyllosphere harbors a diverse variety of microorganisms and this phyllospheric microbiome interacts with the host plant affecting its health and function. Phyllospheric microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi, may serve as mutualists that promote plant growth and resistance to environmental stress. For their own development and reprodu...

In the developing world and increasing human population, great importance is given to food security and crop cultivation in climate change. Therefore, different strategies are needed to maintain and revive the crop resources required for agriculture. Pesticides in soil solution can either be adsorbed by soil colloids or degraded by microorganisms....

Food production is obligatory to ensure efficient plant yield and accomplishments in a fast-growing global population predicted to exceed 9 trillion people in the future. In this regard, advancement in harnessing plant core microbiome using various 'omics' will be fruitful towards sustainable goals. Metabolomics, as we know, is a robust method and...

Provides detailed information about the use of nanotechnology in remediating waste and pollution in agriculture Nano-Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity explores sustainable, eco-friendly technologies for remediating wastes and contaminated areas in both water and land ecosystems. Focusing on nano-technological innovations that...

Significant advances were made in nanotechnology and nanoparticle science, with considerable interest in its application to agriculture, environment, and food items. The goals to be integrated into agriculture and food systems are supply systems, nanosensors, nanomaterials, etc. Besides, some of the possible aspects of nanotechnology are new device...

Nanotechnology has been a developed field of research ever since the past century. Nanoparticles(NPs) are commonly classified according to morphology, size, and chemical properties in different classes. Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are two elemental carbon‐based NP groups. Various NP synthesis methods could be used, but these methods are...

The small‐scale, high specific surface area, reactivity, and stability of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) allow them to remove recalcitrant pollutants and achieve target contaminant efficacy in complex environmental media. By using ENMs, nanoscale structures, devices, and systems with novel properties and functionalities, nanotechnology provides in...

Substantial quantities of engineered nanoparticles have been introduced into the atmosphere by creating nanotechnologies, including those in ambient air and water. The modification of nanoparticles is likely to affect the mobility, aggregation, and other factors and modify the toxicity properties after contact with the environmental matrix componen...

After cellulose, lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth. Nowadays, most of the lignin is used as boiler fuel, whereas a small amount is used to produce value‐added goods. Lignin is inexpensive and has many outstanding characteristics, such as high thermal stability, antioxidant activity, high carbon content, and strong stiffness. Li...

Plant nutrition nanotechnology's implementation encourages the production of slow/controlled release fertilizers that increase fertilizer performance and reduce nutrient losses to the environment, making them environmentally friendly. The effectiveness of conventional nitrogen for fertilizers is 30–60%, whereas 80–90% of traditional phosphate ferti...

For the synthesis of nanoparticles using toxic chemicals, several chemical methods are available, so the need for time is to use environmentally benign, greener, and eco‐friendly routes. Researchers are looking forward to the synthesis of nanoparticles from different biological entities such as bacteria, fungi, higher plants, actinomycetes, and vir...

Nanotechnology has great potential to generate materials with specific properties and develop innovative products. It involves nanoscale processing, handling, use, and characterization of materials. The nanoscale effect on materials and systems is often linked to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio, resulting in increased surface area, differentiat...

The scientific community focuses on research on bioactive substances, their chemical structure, and the pharmacological ability of different plants species to develop novel active ingredients with relatively minor side effects compared to existing molecules. Natural resources account for 25% of the substantial pharmaceutical compounds and their ava...

Bacterial communities in the root zones are vibrant and play an essential role in medicinal plant microbe interaction and are a major driving force for maintaining the stability of soil ecosystem. The major bottleneck for the studying the interaction lies on sampling methods. Though various methods from time to time have been reported and developed...

Plant cells develop defence mechanisms in response to mutagen stress which leads to modulation of certain metabolic and defensive pathways. Owing to alteration in gene expression under mutagens, qualitative and quantitative changes in plant metabolites do occur. Keeping in view the numerous medicinal properties of Bergenia ciliata and its demand in...

Industrial pollution is the most serious problem in the environment that requires a solution. A large variety of toxic wastes and chemicals like heavy metals and constant organic pollutants have been detected in a number of biota like water, soil, and air. Among the various pollutants, heavy metals are of serious concern to the environment and huma...

Environmental pollution with toxic metals is a severe threat to biota and human health. Microbe‐mediated bioremediation of such contaminants has emerged as a potential substitute to conventional treatment methods. Thermophilic microorganisms, owing to their natural ability to survive and flourish under elevated temperatures along with other stressf...

Agriculture crop protection using man‐made synthetic chemicals (pesticides) has become indispensable in modern agriculture practices. As a result of human activities, a large quantity of pollutants and waste are released into the environment as a step to prevent or reduce the agricultural losses. Worldwide, more than £1 billion worth of toxins are...

The present world is facing environmental management problem as the major issue in almost every country across the globe; this is due to increased human population which in turn has led to the rapid urbanization and industrialization which has delivered lot of non-biodegradable chemical substances in to the environment. Similarly, to feed the incre...

Overwhelming anthropogenic activities lead to deterioration of natural resources and the environment. The microorganisms are considered desirable, due to their suitability for easy genetic manipulation and handling. With the aid of modern biotechnological techniques, the culturable microorganisms have been widely exploited for the benefit of mankin...

Toxic metal contamination in soils due industrialization is nowadays a concern to the scientists worldwide. The current study deals with the evaluation of response and tolerance by isolated metallophilic bacteria in different lead concentrations (100ppm to 1000ppm). By taking optical densities of the isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentration (...