Jaswinder Singh

Punjabi University · Department of Computer Science

As social media and web-based forums have grown in popularity, the fast-spreading trend of fake news has become a major threat to the government and other agencies. With the rise of social media and internet platforms, misinformation may quickly spread over borders and language boundaries. Detecting and neutralizing fake news in several languages c...

The widespread use of social media channel, as well as the development of these networks, has offered a platform for fake news to propagate quickly among people. For society, social media may be a two-edged weapon, serving as either a simple avenue for exchanging ideas or an unforeseen conduit for disseminating fake news to a broad audience. With t...

In last decade, a proliferation growth in the development of computer malware has been done. Nowadays, cybercriminals (attacker) use malware as a weapon to carry out the attacks on the computer systems. Internet is the main media to execute the malware attack on the computer systems through emails, malicious websites and by drive and download softw...

Detection of malware using traditional malware detection techniques is very hard. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms provide a solution to detect the malware which is being developed at a very high pace. ML automatic anti-malware system can be developed which can update the system with incoming malware to keep the system secure. To train the malware...

A substance having a profound or significant effect on mental processes is known as psychoactive (Appleton 1967). A psychoactive drug is also known as psychotropic drug (Appleton 1971). Some people refer psychoactive medicinal plants as mind alerting herbal drugs (Crocq 2007).

The medicinal plants are at risk of contamination by different fungi during harvesting, distribution, and storage. The contamination by different fungi results in spoilage and production of mycotoxins (Ashiq et al. 2014). These mycotoxins are responsible for several adverse human diseases (Kosalec et al. 2009; Steinhoff 2019). It has been postulate...

Fungal toxin is also known as a mycotoxin and is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi. Mycotoxins are fatal to animals as well as humans. However, certain like aspergillin have been used in the treatment of dermatoses (Pavlov 1945). An antibacterial substance has been reported from Aspergillus flavus (Dey 1945). Aspergillic acid derived from ce...

Malicious software deliberately affects the computer systems. Malware are analyzed using static or dynamic analysis techniques. Using these techniques, unique patterns are extracted to detect malware correctly. In this paper, a behavior-based malware detection technique is proposed. Various runtime features are extracted by setting up a dynamic ana...

It is commonly known as flying agaric. A. muscaria is noted for its hallucinogenic properties, with its main psychoactive constituent being the compound muscimol (Fig. 2.1) and ibotenic acid (Fig. 2.2). Muscarine (Fig. 2.3) is in trace amounts. The mushroom was used as an intoxicant and entheogen by the peoples of Siberia and has a religious signif...

Common name: Silver wattle, French mimosa.

Malware are the serious threat to the computer systems. Malware are written for many reasons: for stealing confidential data, for financial gain or to affect the working of the computer system. Ransomware is the most disastrous kind of malware which encrypts the user’s whole data and demands ransom (money) to decrypt the data. The user has to pay r...

H. perforatum is known by various names including Amber touch-and-heal, balm-of-warrior’s wound, devil’s scourge, god’s wonder plant, Klamath weed, goatweed, perforate St John’s wort, rosin rose, touch and heal and witcher’s herb. However, St John’s wort is widely and popularly used common name of H. perforatum (Upton 1997). The word St John’s wort...

S. baicalensis Georgi having a common name Baikal skullcap is a member of family Lamiaceae. S. macrantha Fisch. is the synonym for S. baicalensis. S. baicalensis is cultivated in China, Korea, Mongolia, Siberia and the Russian Far East. S. baicalensis is one of the 50 fundamental herbs of the Chinese Materia Medica and is known as Huang Qin. The ro...

W. somnifera belongs to family Solanaceae. The Ayurvedic synonyms for the plant include Ashwagandha, Avarohaka, Balya, Gokarna, Turangahva, Vajikari, Varada, Varahakarni and Vrsa. In English, the plant is known as winter cherry. W. somnifera is found in India.

Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), commonly known as lemon balm, is an important plant of herbal materia medica. The plant is native to Central Asia and South-Central Europe. Now, M. officinalis is widely naturalized in the United States and the rest of the world.

A. calamus L. (Araceae) is popularly known as vaca in Ayurveda. Sweet flag is the English name. A. calamus is native to Central Asia, India, southern Russia and Siberia.

R. rosea (Crassulaceae) is commonly known as roseroot (Sagalov 1983). The plant is native to dry, high-altitude regions of the northern hemisphere. R. rosea is better described as adaptogen in herbal medicine. R. rosea is a herbaceous perennial plant with a thick rhizome. R. rosea is one of the best-known herbal remedies for fatigue (Tharakan and M...

Turmeric contains protein (6.3%), fat (5.1%), minerals (3.5%), carbohydrates (69.4%) and moisture (13.1%). The essential oil (5.8%) obtained by steam distillation of rhizomes has α-phellandrene or p-mentha-1,5-diene (1%), sabinene (0.6%), cineol (1%), borneol (0.5%), zingiberene (25%) and sesquiterpenes (53%) (Figs. 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 and 20.5)...

Garden valerian and garden heliotrope are the common name for this species. The plant is native to certain parts of Asia and Europe and a member of Valerianaceae. However, it has been introduced into North America. It is worthwhile to note that the amino acid, valine, has been named after V. officinalis (Fig. 19.1).

P. incarnata is addressed by several names like maypop, purple passionflower, true passionflower, wild apricot and wild passion vine and is a member of family Passifloraceae. P. incarnata is common to the southeast United States. The dried herb is used in medicine and collected after some of the berries have matured.

A. julibrissin is native to Asia and popularly known as Persian silk tree. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to treat anxiety and depression. The plant is reported to contain flavonoids (Wei and Guo 2015).

Convolvulus is a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution (Feinbrun-Dothan 1978). C. pluricaulis occurs in temperate and subtropical regions and is a perennial herb and stoloniferous rhizome. Leaves are flat, scabrous and liner green with prominent nerves. Flowers are 10-...

Celastrus paniculatus Willd. syn. C. multiflorus Roxb. (Celastraceae) is a hardy shrub that grows in a wide variety of climates and environments (Krishnamurthy 1993). The plant is native to the Indian continent but is known to grow wildly in Australia, China, Taiwan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietn...

The synonym is M. chamomilla L., and M. recutita is commonly known as German chamomile and true chamomile (Kreitmair 1951). The plant is native to Afghanistan, Europe and Iran (Formentini and Rocchi 1961). The dried flower heads are utilized in ethnomedicine for preparation of tea with antispasmodic (spasmolytic) and sedative properties (Viola et a...

Nardostachys jatamansi DC. is an important plant of the family Valerianaceae. Indian spikenard is the common name of the plant and is found in Himalayas. N. jatamansi is a perennial herb. The rhizomes occur in short pieces and have dark-grey colour and typical smell. Leaves are sessile and ovate. Flowers are dark pink in colour.

So far, few randomized trials are known for the role of folic acid or folate in depression. Folate added to antidepressant drug treatment offered limited evidence that folate has potential role in depression (Zhao et al. 2011). Some studies have reported utility of folic acid in treating depression (Watanabe et al. 2012) (Fig. 18.1).

English lavender and true lavender are common names of L. officinalis. The plant belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is native to the Mediterranean.

Complementary/alternative medicine is defined as systems of medicine having a diverse range of practices concerned with healthcare. These health practices are neither part of a tradition of a particular country nor combined with the major healthcare system.

S. miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae) finds wide use in traditional Chinese medicine and is popularly known as red sage. The Chinese name of the medicinal plant is danshen. The plant is native to China and Japan. The roots are used in medicine.

Natural Products have always played a pivotal role as sources for drug lead compounds. This book is aimed at providing inside purview of the scope of natural products (including herbal and marine) in the possible treatment of neurological disorders. The book explains pre-clinical neuropharmacological investigations done on herbs including Bacopa mo...

The cognitive radio technology is one of the best candidates to handle the problem of the scarcity of the radio spectrum. The basic principle of cognitive radio is that it allows to secondary users to use the free (idle) primary channels. The cognitive radio networks do not only face the traditional security attacks, but also new security attacks d...

In an attempt to examine whether autologous SCT provides long-term disease control in patients with intermediate and high-risk AML where a suitable donor is not available, we analyzed the outcomes of autologous SCT in patients with intermediate and high-risk AML from 1986 to 2005. No relapses occurred after 2.2 years. The overall survival curve app...

One year later, in February 2006, a CT scan was performed to further evaluate an elevation in her serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels, which rose to 17.1 ng/mL (normal levels in nonsmokers, < 2.5 ng/mL). Numerous enlarged lymph nodes were present in the right hilum, mediastinum, aortopulmonary window, pretracheal, precarinal, and subcarinal regio...

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign neoplasm that usually arises in the kidneys, but may rarely originate in sites such as the retroperitoneum, liver and bone. It is characterised by an intimate admixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle and fat. This multiphasic composition allows for its recognition on ultrasound and CT scan examination. Metasta...

T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) also known as T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare and comprises a small minority of all small lymphocytic leukemias. The concomitant presentation of T-LGL with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been previously reported. We present an elderly gentleman with concomitant T-LGL and AML (non-M...

Accurate cancer staging allows the most favorable therapy and prognosis of a neoplastic process, and allows consistency when performing clinical trials for different stages of tumors. In the case of esophageal cancer, the available therapeutic options include resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and multimodal combination th...

Without Abstract

Background: The prevalence of clinically significant gastro esophageal reflux (GERD) in the general population varies between 3–6%. We have observed GERD to be one of the major complaints of our patient population with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). There is no literature available on the incidence of GERD in MGUS. However, t...

Background:Occurrence of second hematological malignancies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well known but development of secondary solid tumors has not been well documented. Isolated case reports indicate, CLL patients may have a predisposition to develop solid tumors. There is not enough literature available to support this...

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) is characterized by low levels of a monoclonal protein (M protein) in the serum or urine that is produced by a single clone of plasma cells. Though published evidence indicates that the incidence of MGUS increases with age, the clinical differences between young versus older MGUS pati...

Background: The majority of cases of peripheral neuropathy related to monoclonal gamopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) are of the IgM type. Neuropathy associated with antibodies to myelin-associated-glycoprotein (anti-MAG) accounts for 50% of IgM-related neuropathies. Anti-MAG related neuropathies often improve after treatment with human Ig (IVI...