Jason W Osborne

Miami University | MU · Department of Statistics

Jason W. Osborne’s Best Practices in Logistic Regression provides students with an accessible, applied approach that communicates logistic regression in clear and concise terms. The book effectively leverages readers’ basic intuitive understanding of simple and multiple regression to guide them into a sophisticated mastery of logistic regression. O...

Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is a practitioner-oriented look at this popular and often-misunderstood statistical technique. We avoid formulas and matrix algebra, instead focusing on evidence-based best practices so you can focus on getting the most from your data. Each chapter reviews important concepts, uses real-world data...

Many researchers jump straight from data collection to data analysis without realizing how analyses and hypothesis tests can go profoundly wrong without clean data. This book provides a clear, step-by-step process to examining and cleaning data in order to decrease error rates and increase both the power and replicability of results. Jason W. Osbor...

A text designed to help readers master various aspects of the Generalized Linear Model through an applied exploration using real data.

Explore the mysteries of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with SAS with an applied and user-friendly approach. Exploratory Factor Analysis with SAS focuses solely on EFA, presenting a thorough and modern treatise on the different options, in accessible language targeted to the practicing statistician or researcher. This book provides real-world ex...

Introduction Fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB) play a crucial role in the treatment outcomes of post-surgery patients. These beliefs can lead to activity avoidance, increased pain, and decreased quality of life. Therefore, accurately measuring these beliefs in Iranian patients is of significant importance. The Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ)...

Introduction Fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB) play a crucial role in the treatment outcomes of post-surgery patients. These beliefs can lead to activity avoidance, increased pain, and decreased quality of life. Therefore, accurately measuring these beliefs in Iranian patients is of significant importance. The Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ)...

Aim Understanding vaccine hesitancy, as a critical concern for public health, cannot occur without the use of validated measures applicable and relevant to the samples they are assessing. The current study aimed to validate the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) and to investigate the predictors of children’s vaccine hesitancy among parents from Austral...

Loneliness is increasingly understood as a public health crisis, and older adults are experiencing particularly severe impacts. Social distancing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased loneliness among older adults. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, this study uses two cross-sectional waves of the National Survey of Older Amer...

The need for accurate measurement of constructs and understanding of diverse phenomena has prompted researchers to investigate the validity and reliability of developed measures in a continuous effort to improve our understanding of their psychometric properties. However, at times, these endeavors are flawed by serious methodological inadequacies....

Background and aim: The correlation between eating attitudes, positive body image, and body esteem is a pivotal area of research that has garnered substantial attention in recent years, given its implications for both mental and physical well-being. The objective of this study was to examine the interplay between positive body image, body esteem, a...

Background and aim The correlation between eating attitudes, positive body image, and body esteem is a pivotal area of research that has garnered substantial attention in recent years, given its implications for both mental and physical well-being. The objective of this study was to examine the interplay between positive body image, body esteem, an...

Objectives Investigate the relationships between the ability/inability to perform five physical test exercises and the presence or absence of low back pain (LBP). Setting Regional Australian council training facility. Participants Consecutive participants recruited during 39 back education classes (8–26 participants per class) for workers in gene...

As scholars interested in contributing to the knowledge base of our discipline, I argue that the use of best practices in quantitative methods is not only smart, but is a moral obligation to avoid polluting our literature with spurious or nonreplicable results.

Nonlinear effects are both underreported and underrepresented in counseling research. We provide a rationale for evaluating nonlinear effects and steps to evaluate nonlinear relationships in counseling research. Two heuristic examples are provided along with discussion of the results and advantages to evaluating nonlinear effects.

Nonlinear effects are both underreported and underrepresented in counseling research. We provide a rationale for evaluating nonlinear effects and steps to evaluate nonlinear relationships in counseling research. Two heuristic examples are provided along with discussion of the results and advantages to evaluating nonlinear effects.

Background: Specific phobia (SP) is the most common anxiety disorder among children with Williams syndrome (WS); prevalence rates derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-based diagnostic interviews range from 37% to 56%. We evaluated the effects of gender, age, intellectual abilities and/or behaviour regulation difficult...

Purpose The neck disability index (NDI) as a 10-item patient reported outcome (PRO) measure is the most commonly used whiplash associated disorders (WAD) assessment tool. However, statistical rigor and factor structure are not definitive. To date, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has not examined whether the factor structure generalizes across di...

Neuroendocrine data are typically positively skewed and rarely conform to the expectations of a Gaussian distribution. This can be a problem when attempting to analyse results within the framework of the general linear model, which relies on assumptions that residuals in the data are normally distributed. One frequently used method for handling vio...

Confidence intervals for effect sizes (CIES) provide readers with an estimate of the strength of a reported statistic as well as the relative precision of the point estimate. These statistics offer more information and context than null hypothesis statistic testing. Although confidence intervals have been recommended by scholars for many years, the...

Letter To the Editor: Dec 2 2011 Re Article by Linton SJ, Nicholas M, MacDonald S. Development of a Short Form of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire. Spine 36(22) 1891-95. 2011 We read Linton et al’s article proposing the ÖMSPQ-10(-short) and applaud the goal of pursuing a more usable short-form instrument. However, several m...

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the most commonly-reported quantitative methodology in the social sciences, yet much of the detail regarding what happens during an EFA remains unclear. The goal of this brief technical note is to explore what " rotation " is, what exactly is rotating, and why we use rotation when performing EFAs. Some co...

Reiss (1991) described three “fundamental” fears-anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and injury/illness sensitivity-as distinct individual differences underlying fearful reactions. Taylor (1993) evidenced the distinctions, but the results have not been replicated despite developments in theory and measures. Intolerance of uncertainty...

The NDI's known clinimetric problems are highlighted within Walton and MacDermid's study. This focuses concern on RCTs where a single patient-reported functional measure with known concerns, like the NDI, is used as the primary outcome. Such trials influence policy and opinion but their conclusions must be questioned as neither clinimetric characte...

The MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation and a model of domain identification have been shown to be useful models to explain students' motivation. We used these models to examine the extent to which students' perceptions of a first-year engineering cornerstone course affected their engineering identification and motivational beliefs (i.e., engineerin...

The Neck Disability Index frequently is used to measure outcomes of the neck. The statistical rigor of the Neck Disability Index has been assessed with conflicting outcomes. To date, Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Neck Disability Index has not been reported for a suitably large population study. Because the Neck Disability Index is not a condi...

Objectives: To determine and compare the level of quadriceps activation for knee injured participants during, kinetic open-chain, closed-chain and composite-chain (Slackline) clinical exercises. Quadriceps, activation is a critical component of lower limb movement and subsequently, rehabilitation. However, selective activation can be difficult due...

From: Philip Gabel, PT, PhD Jason Osborne, PhD, Statistician Markus Melloh, MD, MPH, PhD, MBA Dear Editor; Re: Badalamente et al. Measurement scales in clinical research of the upper extremity, part 1: general principles, measures of general health, pain, and patient satisfaction. J Hand Surg Am. 2013 Feb;38(2):401-6 and Badalamente et al. Measure...

Internationally, efforts to increase student interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers have been on the rise. It is often the goal of such efforts that increased interest in STEM careers should stimulate economic growth and enhance innovation. Scientific and educational organizations recommend that efforts to inte...

To Guy G. Simoneau, PT, PhD, ATC Editor-in-Chief Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 1111 N Fairfax St, Ste 100 Alexandria VA 22314-1436 USA 21st April 2013 From: Philip Gabel, PT, PhD Jason Osborne, PhD Statistician Markus Melloh, MD, MPH, PhD, MBA Dear Editor; Re: Vincent et al. Validity and sensitivity to change of patient-reported...

Letter to the Editor-in-Chief of JOSPT as follows:"Critical Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures" J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(7):513-514. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0201. Dear Editor; Re: Vincent et al. Validity and sensitivity to change of patient-reported pain and disability measures for elbow pathologies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther...

This research analyzed 977 surveys to determine the extent to which teachers report employing inquiry in their science teaching, how their use of inquiry varies by student level, and what contex-tual factors relate to teachers' inquiry implementation.

The original Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (original-ÖMPQ) was developed to identify patients at risk of developing persistent back pain problems and is also advocated for musculoskeletal work injured populations. It is critiqued for its informal non-clinimetric development process and narrow focus. A modified version, the Örebro Muscul...

The present study was designed to test for item order effects by measuring four distinct constructs that contribute substantively to anxiety-related psychopathology (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, injury/illness sensitivity, and intolerance of uncertainty). Participants (n = 999; 71% women) were randomly assigned to complet...

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is a powerful and commonly-used tool for investigating the underlying variable structure of a psychometric instrument. However, there is much controversy in the social sciences with regard to the techniques used in EFA (Ford, Maccallum, & Tait, 1986; Henson & Roberts, 2006) and the reliability of the outcome. Simul...

Logistic regression is slowly gaining acceptance in the social sciences, and fills an important niche in the researcher's toolkit: being able to predict important outcomes that are not continuous in nature. While OLS regression is a valuable tool, it cannot routinely be used to predict outcomes that are binary or categorical in nature. These outcom...

Diversity is more than what we can see; it includes characteristics that are not readily observable, yet serve to enhance human endeavors. At times, being different can be considered less than positive. Subtle racist language and behaviors replace overt language and behaviors as part of a natural evolution within a group or culture as it becomes so...

In this article the authors present a confirmatory factor analysis of the Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Computers (TAC) and the Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Information Technology (TAT) scales by Christensen and Knezek (1996, 1998) using large samples from three states. The TAC was reduced from 98 items and nine factors to 35 items and eight factors, wh...

Large surveys often use probability sampling in order to obtain representative samples, and these data sets are valuable tools for researchers in all areas of science. Yet many researchers are not formally prepared to appropriately utilize these resources. Indeed, users of one popular dataset were generally found not to have modeled the analyses to...

The Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) developed an evidence-based practice program, Setting Universal Cessation Counseling Education and Screening Standards (SUCCESS), to educate nurses and other health care practitioners about smoking cessation interventions, increase the number of practitioners providing smoki...

Authors since William James (1892/1968) have implied that the structure of the self-concept can influence motivation and outcomes in particular domains. The value or importance an individual places on a domain influences how motivated that individual is to expend effort in that domain, ultimately influencing the positivity or negativity of the outc...

Research in the social sciences often relies upon the motivation and goodwill of research participants (e.g., teachers, students) to do their best on low stakes assessments of the effects of interventions. Research participants who are unmotivated to perform well can engage in random responding on outcome measures, which can cause substantial mis-e...

Educational Psychology has a long tradition as a specialty within the field of psychology, formally recognized as a discipline in 1910, when the Journal of Educational Psychology (JEP) began publication. Early psychologists, such as William James and Wilhelm Wundt (e.g., Wundt, 1874; James, 1900) both focused on issues central to educational psycho...

In this quantitative study, we compare the efficacy of Level 2, guided inquiry–based instruction to more traditional, verification laboratory instruction in supporting student performance on a standardized measure of knowledge of content, procedure, and nature of science. Our sample included 1,700 students placed in the classrooms of 12 middle scho...

Quantitative researchers exist in the exciting nexus where knowledge is created from raw data. Through quantitative study of the human condition, we hope to gain insight into basic, fascinating questions that humans have pondered for millennia. We (and the quantitative psychologists that have preceded us) are therefore optimists above all else. We...

In quantitative research, it is critical to perform data cleaning to ensure that the conclusions drawn from the data are as generalizable as possible, yet few researchers report doing so (Osborne JW. Educ Psychol. 2008;28:1-10). Extreme scores are a significant threat to the validity and generalizability of the results. In this article, I argue tha...

In the United States, 50% of beginning teachers leave the classroom in their first 5 years of teaching (Ingersoll & Smith, 200436. Smith , T. M. and Ingersoll , R. M. 2004. What are the effects of induction and mentoring on beginning teacher turnover?. American Education Research Journal, 41: 681–714. [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®]View all refere...

Many of us in the social sciences deal with data that do not conform to assumptions of normality and/or homoscedasticity/homogeneity of variance. Some research has shown that parametric tests (e.g., multiple regression, ANOVA) can be robust to modest violations of these assumptions. Yet the reality is that almost all analyses (even nonparametric te...

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A recent evaluation of the new North Carolina Virtual Public School (NCVPS) in the USA revealed numerous expectations for virtual school teachers from secondary students. Specifically, students expected their teachers to actually teach rather than moderate a course shell, supplement course shells with content and projects that illustrate relevance,...

Before the mid 20th century most scientific writing was solely authored (Claxton, 2005; Greene, 2007) and thus it is only relatively recently, as science has grown more complex, that the ethical and procedural issues around authorship have arisen. Fields as diverse as medicine (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, 2008), mathematics...

The survey Performance Standards for In-service Teachers is widely used to help describe teacher skills relating to instructional technology for assessment or planning of professional development. It is based on the six constructs of the National Educational Technology Standards for Teachers, and though used broadly in a variety of contexts, it doe...

Methodologists have written for years about the importance of attending to important details in quantitative research, yet there has been little research investigating methodological practice in the social sciences. This study assessed the extent to which innovations and practices are adopted by researchers voluntarily. In particular, I use the cas...

Logistic regression and odds ratios (ORs) are powerful tools recently becoming more common in the social sciences. Yet few understand the technical challenges of correctly interpreting an odds ratio, and often it is done incorrectly in a variety of different ways. The goal of this brief note is to review the correct interpretation of the odds ratio...

The North Carolina Virtual Public School completed its first session during the summer of 2007. Evaluation results revealed differences between accelerated and credit recovery students, including a significantly higher likelihood for accelerated students to rate their courses as high quality, to express interest in taking another online course, and...

Claude Steele’s stereotype threat hypothesis has attracted significant attention in recent years. This study tested one of the main tenets of his theory—that stereotype threat serves to increase individual anxiety levels, thus hurting performance—using real‐time measures of physiological arousal. Subjects were randomly assigned to either high or lo...

Monitoring one’s own study processes accurately is important in self-regulated learning. This study compared a treatment (N = 45) and comparison class (N = 39) on the effects of monitoring exercises and feedback on calibration and test performance over a 16-week undergraduate course. Path analyses revealed a significant influence of the interventio...

Claude Steele’s stereotype threat hypothesis posits that when there are negative stereotypes about the intellectual capacity of certain (stigmatised) groups, members of that group suffer aversive consequences; group members who are most strongly identified with the stigmatised domain in question (e.g., intellectual or academic ability) are those mo...

Objective To test the effectiveness of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for neonatal skin care on selected clinical outcomes for newborns in neonatal intensive-care units (NICU), special-care units (SCU), and well-baby nurseries. Design Prospective evaluation of the collaborative neonatal skin care research-based practice project of t...

D'Amico, Neilands, and Zambarano (2001) published SPSS syntax to perform power analyses for three complex procedures: ANCOVA, MANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA. Unfortunately, the published SPSS syntax for performing the repeated measures analysis needed some minor revision in order to perform the analysis correctly. This article presents the cor...

Abstract Introduction. Claude ,Steele’s stereotype threat hypothesis proposed ,that negative group stereotypes increase individual anxiety levels, hurting performance. However, the role of anxiety in stereotype threat has not been fully explored. This study examined,the hypothesis that experimental ,manipulation ,of stereotype ,threat would ,influe...

Objectives To review the literature addressing smoking cessation in pregnant women. To develop the project protocol for the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurse's (AWHONN) 6th research‐based practice project titled “Setting Universal Cessation Counseling, Education and Screening Standards (SUCCESS): Nursing Care of Pregnant W...