Jarrod Bock

Oklahoma State University - Stillwater | Oklahoma State

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a worldwide increase in the use of face masks to prevent viral transmission. However, as mask‐wearing was a new behavior in many countries, there was a limited understanding of how mask‐wearers are perceived and how such perceptions impact one's own mask‐wearing behavior. Mask‐wearers may be seen as contagious or pr...

Due to the initial focus on women as targets for the HPV vaccination program in the U.S., many U.S. men now report that the HPV vaccine is somehow “feminine,” posing a potential threat to men’s masculine reputation. This threat was expected to be particularly strong for men from honor cultures, which place a strong emphasis on men’s avoidance of “f...

Introduction: Veteran total and firearm suicide rates are higher compared to the general population. Among the general population, total and firearm suicide rates are higher in U.S. states deemed cultures of honor compared to non-honor states, likely because honor states have higher firearm ownership rates and fewer firearm laws. Considering that v...

Prior research has suggested that women are relatively nonreactive to femininity threats. Given this, research on gender threats over the last decade has functioned under the premise that men almost exclusively account for reactivity to gender threats and, oftentimes, subsequent aggression. Interestingly, recent work has suggested otherwise, primar...

Beyond being painful, fat stigma might facilitate pernicious consequences; over and above one’s weight, fat stigma is associated with lesser wellbeing, poorer health, greater all-cause mortality, and weight gains that perpetuate the weight-stigma cycle. To combat fat stigma effectively requires an understanding of the perceptual calculus underlying...

Prospective memory (PM) refers to our ability to remember to complete future actions. One common everyday PM task that requires further attention is our ability to remember to attend scheduled appointments. The present study focused on appointment attendance as a naturalistic time-based PM task and examined metacognitive factors associated with app...

Although the effects of counterstereotypic individuating information (i.e., information specific to individual members of stereotyped groups that disconfirms the group stereotype) on biases in explicit person perception are well-established, research shows mixed effects of such information on implicit person perception. The proposed research will t...

Research on honor cultures has centered almost exclusively on men and men's use of physical aggression as a means of reputation defense, while tacitly overlooking women's role(s). Across three studies (N = 813), we examined whether honor endorsing women, like men, exhibit aggressive tendencies, albeit in the form of relational aggression. We found...

Objective: Firearm sales in the U.S. have surged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with pre-pandemic trends, individuals tended to purchase firearms for self-protection during COVID-19. In addition to perceptions of both general and pandemic-specific threats motivating protective ownership, this form of ownership is also motivated by tho...

Objective: White men in U.S. cultures of honor die by suicide at greater rates than other demographic groups. This finding has been attributed to factors such as the prevalence and use of firearms in men's suicide in honor states, as well as motivational risk factors (e.g., thwarted belongingness). Other features of honor cultures (e.g., physical...

The present research proposed a theoretical distinction among various stereotypes that we predicted would moderate their malleability in implicit person perception: the extent to which the stereotypes can be learned and validated with minimal or no indirect inference (i.e., their observability). We hypothesized that observable stereotypes would be...

Cultures of honor are societies that strongly emphasize values of loyalty and integrity, as well as the need to defend and maintain one’s reputation. Research has focused heavily on men’s acquisition of repute as tough and masculine and their use of physical aggression for reputational defense, but much less is known about whether men display simil...

Prior research has demonstrated that rates of suicide increase as men enter older adulthood and that these rates are even higher in honor-oriented regions of the U.S. (particularly among White men). Research into the honor-suicide link has suggested explanatory factors that coincide with the interpersonal theory of suicide, such as untreated depres...

Introduction: Prior research has demonstrated that rates of suicide are greater in more honor-oriented regions of the U.S. (particularly among White men), and that this difference in suicide rates becomes greater as men enter older adulthood. Research into the honor-suicide link has suggested explanatory factors that coincide with the interpersonal...

A common metaphor used to describe heterosexual relationships frames men as predators and women as prey. The present work assessed potential consequences of these metaphoric portrayals. Participants read a heterosexual dating scenario that did or did not metaphorically frame the situation in predator and prey terms. Using a U.S. college undergradua...

Across three experiments, participants were provided with a list of racist behaviors that purportedly were enacted from a fellow student but in fact were based on the participants' own behaviors. People consistently evaluated themselves as less racist than this comparison other, even though this other's racist behaviors were identical to their own....

The 2016 presidential election was one of the most politically charged and volatile elections in recent history. The election also saw its first female candidate, Hillary Clinton, represent a major political party. Prior research is inconclusive on how biases can affect political outcomes, with some research showing that racism has affected preside...

Stereotypic backhanded compliments are defined as compliments that praise a stigmatized individual for violating a negative stereotype (e.g., "You're smart, for a woman."). Although commonly used in everyday language, few studies have examined these comments empirically. As such, the purpose of the present work was twofold. First, we sought to dete...