Jaroslav Vadlejch

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague | CULS · Department of Zoology and Fisheries

Ashworthius sidemi is an abomasal nematode typical for Asiatic cervids such as sambar (Rusa unicolor) or sika deer (Cervus nippon). This non-native parasite was introduced into Europe via sika deer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The current dynamic spread of this parasite amongst autochthonous wild cervids occurs independently of human...

A non-native nematode Ashworthius sidemi has emerged in captive fallow deer in Central and Eastern Europe over the last decade. Although this parasite has been spreading in the wild outside it’s native distributional range and colonising local European host species since the middle of the last century, limited information has been published on the...

Background Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global threat to grazing livestock farming. In Italy, anthelmintic efficacy remains high compared to other European countries, but many parts of the country haven’t been investigated yet. Local veterinary practitioners from Trentino and Veneto regions reported suspected inefficacy towards anthelmintic dr...

The control of strongylid infections has become challenging globally for equine practitioners due to the development of anthelmintic resistance. Comprehensive information on anthelmintic resistance in the Czech Republic, however, is still lacking. This study monitored the current efficacy of fenbendazole, pyrantel embonate, ivermectin and moxidecti...

Simple Summary: Response of live weight, body-condition score (BCS) depth of musculus longissi-mus thoracis et lumborum (MLTL) and back-fat thickness after infections with Eimeria sp. (EIM) and strongylid nematodes (STR) was investigated in a selected flock of dairy goats throughout the lac-tation period. Regression-correlation analysis demonstrate...

Background: The diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in ruminants is routinely based on mor-phological/morphometric analysis of parasite specimens recovered by coprological methods, followed by larval culture (LC) techniques. Such an approach is laborious, time-consuming, requires a skilled expert, and moreover suffers from certa...

Background: The diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in ruminants is routinely based on morphological/morphometric analysis of parasite specimens recovered by coprological methods and followed by larval culture techniques. Such an approach is laborious, time-consuming, requires a skilled expert and moreover suffers from certain l...

Background Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance...

This study evaluated the effect of Artemisia absinthium and Malva sylvestris on antioxidant response and histopathological changes in the abomasa of the Haemonchus contortus infected lambs. Twenty-four lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented lambs (UNS), lambs supplemented with A. absinthium (ART), lambs supplemented with M. sylvestris...

Pathological lesions as well as mucin alterations in abomasa infected by nematodes have been thoroughly studied in livestock, but such data from wild ruminants are limited or completely lacking. Pathological data for Ash-worthius sidemi, an invasive nematode are particularly rare. We necropsied the abomasa of 21 wild ruminants belonging to five cer...

This work introduces new morphological and molecular information on the filaroid nematode Setaria cervi (Rudolphi, 1819) obtained from 13 infected game ungulates out of 96 dissected. The hosts comprised the following: a single moose ( Alces alces ), ten red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and two sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) originating from the western and...

Considerable research has been directed towards optimising in vitro tests that can diagnose resistance in pre-parasitic stages of parasites. The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT), and the molecular determination of the frequency of a codon 200 allele of β-tu...

Background: Haemonchus contortus is a blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) that parasitizes in the abomasum of ruminants. Infections caused by this nematode possess a serious threat to livestock production worldwide. The influence of medicinal plants using for control of haemonchosis on the local immune response of abomasal mucosae in GIN-...

Abstract Among gastrointestinal nematodes, haematophagous strongylids Haemonchus contortus and Ashworthius sidemi belong to the most pathogenic parasites of both domestic and wild ruminants. Correct identification of parasitic taxa is of crucial importance in many areas of parasite research, including monitoring of occurrence, epidemiological studi...

Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance...

Background: Strongylid nematode infections may negatively affect both animal health and welfare, with deleterious consequences for livestock productivity. Many farmers in recent decades have relied on anthelmintics as the sole strategy of control, but the intensive use of these chemotherapeutics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance...

This review updates the current knowledge on the taxonomy of intestinal nematodes of the genus Cooperia parasitizing in wild and domestic ruminants. The emphasis is put on revision of 19 valid species belonging to the genus. This analysis focuses on main features of the genus Cooperia, including its geographic occurrence and the life cycle details....

Helminth infections are ubiquitous in grazing ruminant production systems, and are responsible for significant costs and production losses. Anthelmintic Resistance (AR) in parasites is now widespread throughout Europe, although there are still gaps in our knowledge in some regions and countries. AR is a major threat to the sustainability of modern...

Background: Parallel in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate promising chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. In vitro anthelmintic activities (egg hatch test - EHT; larval development test - LDT) of aqueous and methanolic herbal extracts Mix1 and Mix2 were investigated. The in vivo effects of d...

The detection and quantification of nematode eggs using fecal egg count techniques have an irreplaceable role in equine parasitic control. The reliability, particularly precision and accuracy, of individual techniques have been described only for strongylid infections. The aim of this study was to compare three fecal egg count techniques used for t...

The prevalence and intensity of infection of the lungworm Muellerius capillaris in dairy and young goats were evaluated at one organic farm in the Czech Republic. A total of 605 faecal samples were collected from rectum of thirty selected dairy and thirty young goats; each individual was examined monthly throughout a year. Data were statistically e...

This study was carried out to evaluate the biochemical parameters and intestinal microflora in broilers with low doses of Eimeria tenella. Birds from the experimental groups were orally infected with 500 (GI) or 1000 (GII) sporulated oocysts of E. tenella and then examined for weight gain, biochemical indicators, and microbiota on day 9 and 16 afte...

The use of medicinal plants (MP) containing bioactive compounds is an alternative strategy to control of parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus at various stages of their life cycle. The aims of this study were to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activity of both aqueous and methanolic extracts from 13 medicinal plants typica...

The aim of this study was to identify Trichuris species in wild ruminants from 32 localities in the Czech Republic using morphological and molecular methods (ITS1-5.8S RNA-ITS2 region polymorphisms). Trichurids were obtained from 176 wild ruminants (roe deer, sika deer, red deer, fallow deer and mouflons) that were culled between 2009 and 2017. Tri...

Various laboratory animals – mice ( Mus musculus ) of six strains, rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ), guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus ), rats ( Rattus norvegicus ), and Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) were experimentally infected with larvae of small strongyles (Cyathostominae), obtained from horse faeces and cultured to the infective lar...

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a serious threat to animal health and has a major economic impact worldwide due to production and financial losses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of AR on 30 goat farms in Slovakia during the pasturing seasons and to compare three widely used in vitro and in vivo methods for detecting AR in fi...

This study evaluated patterns and species composition of parasitic infections detected over a 1-year period at an organic goat farm. As a result of coprological examination, the overall prevalence of observed strongylids (99%), coccidia of the genus Eimeria (98%), and Muellerius capillaris lungworms (93%) was calculated. The most prevalent strongyl...

The main aim of the study was to evaluate associations between morphological variability of Trichuris females from sheep and roe deer and their rDNA polymorphism in whipworm populations from the Czech Republic. The results introduced the use of new molecular markers based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S RNA-ITS2 region polymorphisms,...

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the histological characteristics of the pectoralis major (PM) muscle in chickens as well as histological changes in the caecum after a low dose of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). The chickens were inoculated orally with 5 × 10²E. tenella oocysts (Gr1) and 1 × 10³E. tenella oocysts (Gr2) at 16 days of a...

This epidemiological study monitored the occurrence of the coccidia genus Eimeria and their species composition over a one-year period at an organic sheep farm in the Czech Republic. Individual faecal samples were collected from thirty lambs and thirty ewes once a month throughout the whole survey. As a result, 348 and 333 samples from ewes and lam...

The addition of organic matter rich materials to agricultural soil is currently a common practice to improve its quality and fertility. However, the input of organic matter rich waste materials into soils significantly impacts ecosystem functions. The potential contamination of soil by various chemical compounds is one of the many risks that should...

Introducing an animal into a new location could be hazardous in the form of disease transmission, especially with respect to infections that are often overlooked. Such introduced infectious agents, including parasitic ones, then pose potential danger to the native animal population. Within the conservation program, the European bison was introduced...

review focused on czech medical plants with anthelmintic properties

Trichuris sp. individuals were collected from Myocastor coypus from fancy breeder farms in the Czech Republic. Using morphological and biometrical methods, 30 female and 30 male nematodes were identified as Trichuris myocastoris. This paper presents the first molecular description of this species. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region, consisting of inte...

Nine ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. These animals were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identified: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of...

This study was carried out to investigate how pinworm infection in rats affects nutrient digestibility in the hosts. Twenty-four male outbred Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 12 rats each. The rats from the first group (GI) were kept in cages with bedding containing pinworm eggs, and the second (control) group (GII) were kept in...

Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) levels in red fox small intestine samples with or without Echinococcus multilocularis infection were studied. The red foxes were taken from the open countryside of northwest Bohemia (CR). Red foxes with E. multilocularis infection had lower levels of toxic metals (Cd, Pb); cadmium levels in infected f...

A combined approach in the determination of Haemonchus nematodes from sheep was applied in this trial. Using selected morphological characters 90.2 % females and 84.2 % males of Haemonchus contortus and 9.8 % females and 15.8 % males of Haemonchus placei were identified. Although cluster analysis based on morphological identification clearly separa...

The in vivo Faecal egg count reduction test was used for the evaluation of the benzimidazole, avermectin and moxidectin drug efficacies against gastrointestinal nematodes in ten flocks of sheep. The same samples were tested concurrently in vitro for benzimidazole resistance using the Egg hatch test, and for resistance to avermectins using the Micro...

Total mercury concentrations were determined in the gonadal tissues of 15 female and 10 male European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from one location of the stream "Jevanský potok" located about 30 km from Prague (Czech Republic). Tissue samples were frozen at -26 °C in polypropylene containers until further processing, which was carried out using an A...

Faecal excretion is a basic means of detoxification upon ingestion of Pb-contaminated feed. In order to determine a time course of Pb elimination after oral exposure to two different forms of this heavy metal (lead acetate vs. phyto-bound Pb), a feeding study was carried out in experimental rats using the Pb phyto-hyperaccumulator Pistia stratiotes...

A survey of naso-pharyngeal and subcutaneous myiasis affecting roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was conducted in the Czech Republic over an 8-year period (1999-2006). A total of 503 bucks and 264 does from six hunting localities were examined. The sampling area comprised predominantly agricultural lowlands and a mountain range primarily covered by fo...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Concentration McMaster technique in counting coccidia oocysts and to compare it with two others -McMaster method modified by Wetzel and Zajíček. A stock suspension containing Eimeria oocysts was prepared, from which five concentrations (20, 250, 500, 1,000 and 1,500) of oocysts were...

Trichuris nematodes were isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). At first, nematodes were determined using morphological and biometrical methods. Subsequently genomic DNA was isolated and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 segment from ribosomal DNA (RNA) was amplified and sequenced using PCR techniques. With u sing morphological and biometrical methods, fem...

Pinworms (Nematoda: Oxyurida) are common contaminants in most laboratory rodent colonies. The aim of the study was to monitor the transmission of Syphacia muris eggs in laboratory rat breeding facilities. Dust in a breeding room was investigated using special grids (free fallout, or through the help suction chamber). Furthermore, the ventilation sy...

During December 2007 and November–April 2008/2009, 128 gastrointestinal tracts and 1680 faecal samples of hares from different parts of the Czech Republic were examined. Evaluation of the faeces samples indicated that the samples could have been infected with any one of the following parasites: Eimeria spp., Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Trichur...

According to the newest data (2010), the state of the black grouse is in decline in the Czech Republic. One of the reasons for this decline is the parasitic infection. The examination of 170 faecal specimens disclosed 6 species of parasites. Helminth eggs were found in 50 % of the examined faecal specimens. The following eggs were found: cestode Hy...

The samples from 13 perches (Perca fluviatilis) - muscle with skin and bones; fish gonads; and acanthocephalan parasites were analysed for mercury (Hg). Hg concentrations were present in all analysed samples. There were found no statistically significant difference in Hg concentration in fish tissues between perches either with or without infection...

The sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa) and its host Ovis aries were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for their copper, iron, manganese, zinc and lead levels. Element concentrations in cestode parasites were compared to those in various organs (liver, kidney, and muscle) of sheep. Tapeworms in the small i...

In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of volatile oils hydrodistilled from seeds of Consolida regalis, Delphinium elatum, Nigella hispanica, and N. nigellastrum using GC and GC/MS. In C. regalis, octadecenoic (77.79%) and hexadecanoic acid (8.34%) were the main constituents. Similarly, the oils from D. elatum and N. hispanica seeds co...

Concentrations of various essential and toxic elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Cd) were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in the sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa) and in different tissues of its host Ovis aries. The element concentrations of the cestode parasites were compared to different organs (liver, kid...

Acanthocephalans belonging to the species Acanthocephalus lucii were found in the colon of a lamb from ecological farms in the Czech Republic. The main determination features used for these acanthocephalans are the shape and size of the hooks as well as the number of hooks on the proboscis. Three immature specimens measured 5.0-13.2mm in length; th...

This study focuses on the comparison of three selected modifications of the McMaster counting technique, namely the McMaster method modified by Wetzel (W) and Zajíček (Z), as well as the concentration McMaster technique according to Roepstorff and Nansen (R&N). These modifications differ in the weights of faeces examined (W, 2 g/Z, 1 g/R&N, 4 g), f...

In this study we examined the in vitro synergistic effect of baicalin, the flavone constituent of Scutellaria spp., in combinations with oxytetracycline and tetracycline on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method and the effect of combinations was evaluated according to the sum of fractional i...

Lead concentrations in the tissues of perch and its parasites were determined as mg/kg dw. Lead was found at higher concentrations in the acanthocephalans (11.56) than in different tissues (liver, gonads and muscle with skin and bone) of perch. With respect to fish tissues, the highest concentrations of lead were present in the liver (1.24), follow...

In this study, the antioxidant capacities of main quinone constituents of Nigella sativa seeds, namely dithymoquinone (1), thymohydroquinone (2) and thymoquinone (3), were compared using DPPH and ORAC methods. The best scavenging activity was produced by 2, which showed a remarkable activity of 2.60 Trolox equivalents (TE) in a concentration range...

The effects of ivermectin were studied in laboratory rats naturally infected with the pinworm Syphacia muris. Ivermectin was administered over four 5-days periods in drinking water; the ivermectin dose was 2.5 mg/kg of body weight per day. All the rats were weighed every five days and their ova production was monitored by a cellophane — tape test....

The tapeworm Moniezia expansa and naturally infected sheep were investigated with respect to their cadmium accumulation. Cadmium chloride (CdCl(2), 0.2 g) was added to 10 ml of distilled water and administered orally to the sheep every day for a period of 1 week. The cadmium content of M. expansa was lower than that in the liver tissues of sheep, a...

The tapeworm Moniezia expansa and naturally infected sheep were investigated with respect to their lead accumulation. Lead-Pb(CH(3)COO)(2) was added to the distilled water and administered orally to the sheep every day for a period of 1 week. After the exposure period the sheep were killed and the metal levels were determined in the muscle, liver,...