About
209
Publications
191,363
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
18,810
Citations
Introduction
Current institution
Publications
Publications (209)
This article presents different analytical frameworks to understand the key concepts, elements and new developments in internationalization and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this evolving multifaceted process. The analysis includes a discussion of the meaning of internationalization, key actors, changing rationales and expectations,...
The contemporary role of international higher education, research, and innovation (IHERI) in international relations is an increasingly important but understudied phenomenon. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the concept of knowledge diplomacy, including the role of state and non-state actors. Given the complexity and confusion among the gr...
The purpose of this article is to explore the contemporary role of international higher education, research and innovation ( IHERI ) in international relations ( IR ). Using an interdisciplinary and conceptual approach, it examines how diplomacy and higher education scholars understand and label the rationales, strategies and contributions of IHERI...
Just as it is valuable to analyse the different types and new developments in diplomacy and soft power, it is equally important to examine the changing world of international higher education, research and innovation (IHERI) to understand its role in international relations (IR). Traditionally, IHERI’s role in strengthening relations between and am...
The purpose of this chapter is, firstly, to provide a brief overview of the major findings and insights related to the three questions which shaped this book; secondly, highlight the significance of these findings and their contribution to the two fields of study; and, thirdly, identify issues and questions that require further research and reflect...
The concept of science diplomacy is gaining increased importance and use by scholars, diplomats and policy makers. This chapter focuses on how science diplomacy has evolved during the past two decades through an in-depth examination how different scholars, associations such as the American Association for the Advancement of Science and contemporary...
This chapter analyses the evolution from traditional to contemporary diplomacy by examining the different ways that international relations scholars and diplomats describe the fundamental dimensions of diplomacy. It vividly illustrates that the understanding and meaning of contemporary diplomacy is a contested concept. A brief overview of dictionar...
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce, define and analyse the concept of knowledge diplomacy as a way to frame the role of international higher education, research and innovation in international relations. The chapter starts with a brief synopsis of the main insights, similarities and differences gained from the review of the scholarly liter...
Given that this book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of IHERI in IR, the purpose of this chapter is to carefully review how higher education scholars and experts from around the world discuss and frame the intersection between higher education and international relations over the past 20 years. This provides important insights into...
The contribution of higher education, research and innovation to international relations is increasing in importance and complexity. It warrants close analysis and more research as to the driving rationales and major outcomes, key actors and strategies, fundamental values and how it is conceptualized and labeled. This entry analyses the role of hig...
This chapter systematically reviews how a diplomacy scholars, experts and diplomats understand and label the expanding role of international higher education, research and innovation (IHERI) in strengthening relations between and among countries. While there are more than ten different labels used to describe the role of IHERI in IR, the most commo...
This chapter explores the concept of soft power and differentiates it from hard, smart and sharp power and diplomacy. The theories and writings of Joseph S. Nye and his critics inform the analysis of power in international relations. Hard power and the use of military force, sanctions, payments and agenda setting is discussed first followed by an e...
This chapter examines the similarities and differences between the concept of knowledge diplomacy and related terms. Both diplomacy and higher education scholars commonly refer to the role international higher education, research and innovation (IHERI) in contemporary international relations (IR) as a form of diplomacy and a form of soft power. In...
This chapter provides concrete examples of how the knowledge diplomacy conceptual framework was based on and can be applied to existing IHERI initiatives. Examples of INHERI initiatives from all regions of the world and representing different sectors, different levels of cooperation and varied global issues have been selected. They include the Sust...
In the last two decades, the higher education landscape of the small island of Mauritius has undergone significant transformation leading to the establishment of Mauritius as an education hub. This article highlights the critical importance that higher education plays in achieving national development goals through an analysis of the policies, ince...
Regional universities at the supra-national level have been a fascinating development in the internationalisation of higher education, but largely an ignored one. A regional university, defined as a higher education institution founded, funded and governed by a group of countries located in the same region, challenges the notion that universities a...
Japan has traditionally emphasized international student recruitment and exchange as priorities in its internationalization strategy. However, little attention has been given to the increasing importance of international program and provider mobility (IPPM), which includes international branch campuses, franchise programs, international joint unive...
During the last two decades, there has been an exponential increase in all forms of international academic mobility - student and scholar, programs and providers, policies and regulations, and the universal exchange of knowledge, ideas, values, and culture. The diversity in the modes and forms of mobility is unprecedented. As with all new developme...
Mauritius is an informative and interesting success story for increasing access of local students to tertiary education through international program and provider mobility (IPPM). This article provides a brief background on the public and private tertiary education system in Mauritius and highlights the national plans, policies, and incentives used...
This study explores the phenomenon of higher education regionalization in the Arab states using the Functional, Organizational and Political Approaches model (FOPA) as the analytical framework. Drawing on data from different international, regional, and national organizations, the article shows that the Arab states are engaging in a variety of coll...
This article focuses on International Program and Provider Mobility (IPPM) which is an increasingly important but understudied aspect of Internationalization. This interview was conducted by Dr. Laura K. Baumvol with Dr. Jane Knight on September 2, 2019. References for further reading on IPPM are provided at the end of the article. Professor Dr. Kn...
International program and provider mobility (IPPM) in higher education has grown exponentially in the last decade but there is a dearth of research on this phenomenon. This article analyzes the trends and key issues identified in published academic research on IPPM from 2000 to 2018. The review uses a newly developed IPPM Classification Framework f...
Over the past 25 years, internationalization has evolved from a marginal and minor component to a global, strategic, and mainstream factor in higher education. Has international higher education lived up to our expectations and its potential? What values have guided it? What have we learned from the past to guide us into the future? Is the strong a...
Over the past 25 years, internationalization has evolved from a marginal and minor component to a global, strategic, and mainstream factor in higher education. Has international higher education lived up to our expectations and its potential? What values have guided it? What have we learned from the past to guide us into the future? Is the strong a...
Education hubs are the newest development in the international higher education landscape. Countries, zones, and cities are trying to position themselves as reputed centers of excellence in higher education and research. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the complexities of education hubs within the frame of three generations of cross-borde...
p>This article discusses research trends concerning international higher education. More than 300 journal articles and chapters are analyzed relating to transnational education.</p
There is no question that the international dimension of higher education has transformed the higher education landscape in the last three decades. The more globalized and inter-connected the world becomes, it stimulates higher education institutions, organizations and national governments to pay more attention to academic relations and opportuniti...
Even though regionalization of higher education in Africa has been underway for several years and was given a boost with the development of the African Union Strategy for the Harmonization of Higher Education Programmes (AU-HEP) in 2007, the process has been slow and faced many challenges. A key objective of higher education regionalization is to c...
Academic mobility is one of the functional elements of regionalization within the FOPA framework discussed in Chapter 1. Academic mobility is not a new phenomenon – scholars and knowledge have been moving around the world for centuries. The fact that the concept of the universe is embedded in the term ‘university’ is evidence of the important role...
The issue of higher education financing in Africa has been the subject of discussion since the 1980s. Historically higher education financing has been the sole responsibility of the public sector with most of the funding coming from state governments. In the past three decades, however, the African higher education sector has witnessed a massive in...
The number and types of international double and multiple degree programs have skyrocketed in the last five years. According to the 2014 International Association of Universities report on internationalization there has been a 50 percent increase in double-degree programs in professional areas, 19 percent increase in Natural Sciences and 14 percent...
International education hubs are the latest development in the international higher education landscape. A country-level education hub is a planned effort to build a critical mass of local and international actors—higher education institutions and providers, students, research and development centers, and knowledge industries—who work collaborative...
For many years, transnational education (TNE), also known as cross border mobility of academic programs and providers, has provided new modes of study for students; opportunities for provider institutions to broaden their reach; and alternative strategies for host countries and institutions to widen access to higher education.
After several decades of intense development, internationalization has grown in scope, scale, and value. University strategic plans, national policy statements, international declarations, and academic articles all indicate the centrality of internationalization in the current world of higher education.
International higher education, in its role as a political actor, is strongly attracted to the concept of soft power. Developed by Joseph Nye about a decade ago, soft power is popularly understood as the ability to influence others and achieve national selfinterest(s) through attraction and persuasion rather than through coercion, military force, o...
Growth in the scope, scale and importance of higher education regionalization should not be underestimated or ignored. Africa – like Asia, Europe and Latin America – is promoting deeper cooperation among higher education bodies and institutions across the continent and focusing more attention on Pan-African and sub-regional harmonization of policie...
This is an entry co-authored with Professor Jane Knight for the Oxford Bibliographies. A total of 73 carefully selected references published from the early 2000s onward on crossborder and transnational higher education were reviewed with a brief annotation provided under these topics: context and overview; rationales and impact; international branc...
In the last ten years, the speed and intensity with which intra-regional-level collaborations have expanded has been remarkable. The growth of regionalization is happening in all sectors, including higher education, and in all regions of the world, particularly Asia. The purpose of this chapter is to propose a conceptual framework and Functional, O...
Transnational education (TNE), interpreted as the mobility of education programs and providers between countries, has dramatically changed in scope and scale during the last decade. New actors, new partnerships, new modes of delivery, and new regulations are emerging. This has resulted in a proliferation of TNE terms and mass confusion in how they...
To provoke critical thinking and reflection on what the economics of international education look like and really mean when considered from a range of perspectives, this volume introduces a variety of essays related to the conference theme, ‘a wealth of nations’. This theme can be framed in a multitude of ways, but we choose to highlight here key a...
p>Most research on TNE examines issues from the sending or providing country. This article reports on the impacts of TNE from the receiving or host country perspective. Topics addressed include motivation, costs, benefits, awareness levels, student profile and future outlook of TNE.</p
p>The growth in double/multiple degree programs around the world, especially in Europe and Asia, is unprecedented. While the benefits for both students and institutions are many, there is increasing concern about the integrity and legitimacy of those programs which double count credits for two or more qualifications. Challenging questions about the...
Internationalization has transformed higher education institutions and systems but there is much confusion as to what an international, binational, transnational, cosmopolitan, multinational, or global university actually means. There is no standardized model for an international university, nor should there be, but a deeper understanding of differ...
Five myths about internationalization are explored. A common element of each myths is that the benefits of internationalization or the degree of internationality can be measured quantitatively. The purpose of identifying and reflecting on these myths and truths is to ensure that internationalization is on the right track and that we, as higher educ...
International Student Populations have risen dramatically in Australian tertiary education, allowing a drop in the amount required to publicly fund education; however, concerns arise that reliance on international student tuition may adversely effect quality, and a focus on education as industry (and it is currently Australia's 3rd largest export)...
The recent trend in cross-border education is building education hubs. There are three categories among education hubs. First, the student hub focuses on recruitment of international students. Second, the education and training hub includes invitation of foreign universities to set up branch campuses. Finally, the knowledge and innovation hub encou...
During the last decade internationalization has increased in importance, impact, and complexity. In fact, international education is now seen by both politicians and academic leaders as instrumental to regionalization initiatives. students. In the past decade the importance and benefits of internationalization have been recognized, but at the same...
University internationalization is evolving and becoming more complex. This article explores five key elements of internationalizationthe local context, "one size does not fit all," unintended consequences, internationalization is not an end in itself, and globalization and internationalization are linked, but not the same thing.
Internationalization plays a critical role in building university capacity, especially in developing countries. In the current world of higher education-with competitiveness, branding, and commercialization front and center-inter- national development cooperation is often relegated to a low priority. Status building networks with elite partners are...
p>International Education Hubs require major investments to attract and retain local and international higher education institutions, training organizations, students, research and development centres, and knowledge industries. This article examines the role of public and private financing from local and foreign investors in establishing countries...
This chapter focuses on the development of education hubs, a recent phenomenon in international higher education. Three models of hubs are examined in relation to the forces, risks, and opportunities of globalization and how local and international collaborations are essential for both global competitiveness and sustainability.
The purpose of this report and the supporting research is to examine the status of professional development priorities, policies, and practices in Ras Al Khaimah higher education institutions and to identify areas of strength and improvement. Three different institutions participated in the project, and 100 academic faculty and administrative staff...
Qatar is one of the first countries to announce its intention to become a regional education hub and invest in its development. In less than 15 years, Qatar has become home to over ten foreign academic institutions, top science and research organizations, and over 4,000 students and researchers from around the world. The case study examines the rat...
The last chapter tackles some core issues related to education hubs within the broader context of cross-border education. The topics addressed are the link between the top international student destination and education hub countries, the development of zone- or city-level education hubs, the distribution of branch campuses across education hub cou...
Education hubs are the newest development in the international higher education landscape. Countries, zones and cities are trying to position themselves as reputed centres for higher education and research. But given higher education's current preoccupation with competitiveness, branding, and economic benefits are education hubs merely a fad, a bra...
This chapter questions whether internationalisation has evolved from what has been traditionally considered a process based on values of cooperation, partnership, exchange, mutual benefits and capacity building to one that is increasingly characterised by competition, commercialisation, self-interest and status building. Do these dramatic changes i...
There is no doubt that education hubs are an evolving and complex phenomenon. However, the absence of reliable data or in-depth study on their planning and operation limits a solid understanding of their role, evolution and accomplishments. It also means that there is more speculation about education hubs than clear conclusions and more questions t...
The UAE is well known for its success in attracting branch campuses to two of its economic free zones—Knowledge Village and the Dubai International Academic City. But Dubai isn’t the only emirate successfully involved in cross-border education. Two other emirates—Abu Dhabi and Ras Al Khaimah—are actively engaged in international education and resea...
A notable evolution in the internationalization of higher education in the last decade has been the increasing emphasis on regional level collaboration and reform initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of regionalization through the lens of a conceptual model and to demonstrate how different Tuning initiatives serve as use...
A crosscutting analysis of the six case studies and an examination of key issues and challenges related to education hub development are the focus of this chapter. The key themes for the comparative analysis include the planning approach (reactive, proactive, or strategic), the implementation model (fragmented, coordinated, strategic) to hub develo...
The purpose of this chapter is to expand on the typology and explain in detail how the three models differ or overlap in characteristics and how they relate to one another. A framework is used to guide the exploration and comparison of education hubs along five different lines of analysis: focus, primary objectives, key policy sectors involved, maj...
