Janan Arslan

• MSc(Bioinf), MBiostat, PhD
• Senior Research Engineer at Paris Brain Institute

The human brain receives nutrients and oxygen through an intricate network of blood vessels. Pathology affecting small vessels, at the mesoscopic scale, represents a critical vulnerability within the cerebral blood supply and can lead to severe conditions, such as Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases. The advent of 7 Tesla MRI systems has enabled the acq...

There has been a long history of women innovators producing outstanding contributions to society and public benefit yet having their work passed over or sidelined or attributed to male colleagues. This phenomenon has been coined the Matilda Effect. The amendments to the record of human achievements are now taking place, with an increasing pace in r...

Objective To examine the nature and severity of badminton‐related ocular injuries in Melbourne, Australia. Methods This is a retrospective chart review. A search of the medical records was conducted for patients presenting to the ED at The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, with badminton‐related eye injuries from June 2018 to May 2023. Data we...

Despite their predictive capabilities and rapid advancement, the black-box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, particularly in healthcare, has sparked debate regarding their trustworthiness and accountability. In response, the field of Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged, aiming to create transparent AI technologies. We present a novel appr...

Background: Several studies have investigated various features and models in order to understand the growth and progression of the ocular disease geographic atrophy (GA). Commonly assessed features include age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, and diabetes. There have been inconsistencies regarding which feature...

Objective. The distribution of hypoxia within tissues plays a critical role in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Recognizing the significance of tumor oxygenation and hypoxia gradients, we introduce mathematical frameworks grounded in mechanistic modeling approaches for their quantitative assessment within a tumor microenvironment. By utilizing known...

Medical researchers obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of disability and disease using physical measurements and image data. To assist in this endeavor, feature extraction packages are available that are designed to collect data from the image structure. In this study, we aim to augment current works by adding to the current mix of...

The distribution of hypoxia within tissues plays a critical role in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Recognizing the significance of tumor oxygenation and hypoxia gradients, we introduce mathematical frameworks grounded in mechanistic modeling approaches for their quantitative assessment within a tumor microenvironment. Our approach provides a non-in...

Anthropometric analysis plays an important role in the development of human 'habitability' in aerospace vehicles, long-duration spaceflight and surface missions to Mars and beyond. The design of the physical workspace in aerospace vehicles has constraints imposed by minimizing mass, volume and the limited interior dimensions of the cockpit and the...

Exploratory data analysis and statistical moments were used to investigate the potential impact of ceiling and floor effects in medical trials. A total of 150 treatment-naive eyes were assessed in a retrospective case study of patients who were treated with anti-VEGF injections for wet age-related macular degeneration. The experimental results reve...

The build-up of lipofuscin – an age-associated biomarker referred to as hyperfluorescence – is considered a precursor in the progression of geographic atrophy (GA). Prior studies have attempted to classify hyperfluorescent regions to explain varying rates of GA progression. In this study, digital image processing and unsupervised learning were used...

Cutaneous melanoma is an invasive cancer with a worldwide annual death toll of 57,000 (Arnold et al., JAMA Dermatol 2022). In a metastatic state, surgical interventions are not curative and must be coupled with targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. However, resistance appears almost systematically and late-stage prognosis can remain poor. The complex...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a heterogeneous disease affecting the macula of individuals and is a cause of irreversible vision loss. Patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD) are candidates for the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment, designed to regress the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye. Some patient...

Objective: To describe the demographics and outcomes of sports-related ocular injuries in an Australian tertiary eye hospital setting. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study from the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from 2015 to 2020. Patient demographics, diagnosis and injury causation were recorded from baseline and follow-up. Outcomes i...

Background: Perioperative nutrition support is recommended for patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer surgery; however, limited evidence exists regarding implementation of a nutrition care pathway in clinical practice. The aims of this pilot study were to determine if implementation of a standardised perioperative nutrition pathwa...

Background: This study aimed to investigate health service nutrition practices of sites providing care to patients undergoing surgery for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer within Australia, including the provision of perioperative nutrition support services and outpatient clinics, and the use of evidence-based nutrition care pathways/protocols....

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has several benefits attached to it. When AI is applied to diagnostic imaging, it can discern image features and colors at greater bandwidth and with greater resolution than humans due to digital image processing, often discriminating features not visible to human vision. Outsourcing rep...

There is currently great interest in employing Machine Learning (ML) methods for yield prediction in agriculture. Numerous ML methods are available from simple to very complex algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for yield of many crops using existing indu...

While the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has seen an increase in computational power and development of novel technologies to expedite current human-run processes, with this breakneck speed some concerns have risen around the technology's social, legal, and ethical implications. Responsible AI (RAI) has emerged as a new discipline designed...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a taxonomy of epistemic uncertainties that affect results for geographic atrophy (GA) assessment and progression. Methods: An important source of variability is called "epistemic uncertainty," which is due to incomplete system knowledge (i.e. limitations in measurement devices, artifacts, and hu...

Background Postoperative nutrition support is an essential component of management in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer resection, however there is limited knowledge of current clinical practice. This study aimed to describe the postoperative nutrition support received by patients undergoing UGI cancer resections, assess adherence with ESPEN surg...

Background: Identification and treatment of malnutrition are essential in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer. However, there is limited understanding of the nutritional status of UGI cancer patients at the time of curative surgery. This prospective point prevalence study involving 27 Australian tertiary hospitals investigated nutritional status a...

Background: Preoperative nutrition intervention is recommended prior to upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer resection; however, there is limited understanding of interventions received in current clinical practice. This study investigated type and frequency of preoperative dietetics intervention and nutrition support received and clinical and demo...

Purpose: This study describes the development of a deep learning algorithm based on the U-Net architecture for automated segmentation of geographic atrophy (GA) lesions in fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images. Methods: Image preprocessing and normalization by modified adaptive histogram equalization were used for image standardization to improve e...

The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging haematological inflammatory biomarkers. However, their significance in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its subtypes, branch and central RVO (BRVO and CRVO, respectively), is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association of...

Purpose To evaluate anatomical and functional inter-eye symmetry among individuals with Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy (BCD) using clinical and multi-modal imaging methods, with a focus on the number, area, and distribution of the characteristic retinal crystalline deposits. Design Observational case series with prospective and retrospective data....

Purpose: To identify the most suitable model for assessing the rate of growth of total geographic atrophy (GA) by analysis of model structure uncertainty. Methods: Model structure uncertainty refers to unexplained variability arising from the choice of mathematical model and represents an example of epistemic uncertainty. In this study, we quantif...

To the Editor The study by Christen et al,¹ with associated commentary by Frank,² has highlighted an interesting line of research that has produced mixed results. The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin D3 (2000 IU per day) and marine ω-3 fatty acids (1 g per day) would prevent development or progression of age-related macular...

Background The role of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) in the treatment of patients with low rectal cancer with enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLN+) is under investigation. Enthusiasm for LLND stems from a perceived reduction in local recurrence (LR). We aimed to compare the LR rate for LLN+ patients with LLN− patients, treated with neoadjuvant...

The COVID-19 pandemic produced a very sudden and serious impact on public health around the world, greatly adding to the burden of overloaded professionals and national medical systems. Recent medical research has demonstrated the value of using online systems to predict emerging spatial distributions of transmittable diseases. Concerned internet u...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to summarize and evaluate artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms used in geographic atrophy (GA) diagnostic processes (e.g. isolating lesions or disease progression). Methods: The search strategy and selection of publications were both conducted in accordance with the Preferred of the Preferred Reporting I...

The application of artificial intelligence to pattern recognition in medicine has been described in recent studies in machine learning.¹ In particular, the use of machine learning in the form of the convolutional neural network has underpinned the current popularity of so-called deep learning algorithms, which are essentially convolutional neural n...

The recent rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has stirred an old debate regarding the application of computers in medicine and whether software will make medical practitioners obsolete. This question was raised with the advent of the first AI programs, and has been raised again with the rapid rise of machine learning in the last decade. AI progra...

To understand and quantify the growth rates of geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration using statistical methods to analyse inherent uncertainties.

Purpose: Globally, an estimated 12.7 million people await a corneal transplant. Of these, 53% are without routine access to a domestic supply and are reliant on transnational activity (TNA) (importation) of corneal tissue (CT) for transplantation. Although CT TNA commenced in 1961, there has been no evaluation of its impact on import and export na...

Nonresponsiveness to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatments has become a growing concern in ophthalmology. Disparity among publications that have assessed pharmacogenetic (PGx) connections between AMD disease genes and treatments has delayed the implementation of PGx testing in AMD. We assessed all AMD PGx publications to identify the de...