Jan Matthias Peter

Natural Resources Canada | NRCan · Geological Survey of Canada

The Lower Proterozoic, Lake Superior-type Sokoman Iron Formation of the Labrador Trough is one of the world's largest iron formations. It represents a unique, major event in the history of the Trough. Originally a largely irregularly bedded, intraclastic, granular, locally oolitic, conglomeratic iron formation, it is highly variable in its stratigr...

Radiogenic (e.g., U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf), traditional stable (e.g., S, O, H, C, He, B, and Li), and non-traditional metal stable (e.g., Se, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, and Tl) isotopes are increasingly being recognized as powerful geochemical tools for understanding metal and sulfur sources, depositional ages, ambient basin redox, area selection, and ve...

The trace element composition of detrital magnetite grains recovered from six local streams around the Casino high-grade porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, west-central Yukon, is compared with igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal magnetite recovered from mineralized and unmineralized host rocks at the deposit. Linear discriminant analysis of 12 elements (Mg,...

A challenge for the global economy is to meet the growing demand for commodities used in today’s advanced technologies. Critical minerals are commodities (for example, elements, compounds, minerals) deemed vital to the economic and national security of individual countries that are vulnerable to supply disruption. The national geological agencies o...

Hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) deposits in northern Yukon, consist of thin (,10 cm), laterally extensive (tens of thousands of km 2) stratiform sulfide mineralization layer(s) that are hyper-enriched in Ni, Mo, Zn, platinum group elements, Re, and Au. The genesis of HEBS deposits and the ambient paleoenvironment in which they formed are the subj...

Achieving net-zero carbon emissions goals will increasingly rely on critical mineral resources while simultaneously decreasing the extraction, processing and use of hydrocarbons as the primary provider of energy. Canada is well-positioned to contribute to this effort through a series of innovative policy and research initiatives, and it is Canada's...

This volume presents results of research conducted during phase 5 of the Volcanic-and Sedimentary-hosted Base Metals Ore Systems project of the Geological Survey of Canada's Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) program. The papers in this volume include syntheses and primary scientific reports. We present here a synopsis of the findings during this...

Polymetallic (Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Au-Re) hyper-enriched black shales in the northern Canadian Cordillera consist of thin, semi-massive sulfides interbedded with black shale. We studied HEBS deposits at Nick, Peel River, Monster River, and Moss in northern Yukon, and at a single locality underlying the Cardiac Creek Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northeastern Briti...

2022. Paleoredox and lithogeochemical indicators of the environment of formation and genesis of the Monster River hyper-enriched black shale showing, Yukon; in Targeted Geoscience Initiative 5: volcanic-and sediment-hosted massive-sulfide deposit genesis and exploration methods, (ed.) J.M. Abstract: Northern Yukon hosts occurrences of Middle Devoni...

Paleozoic strata of the Selwyn Basin host sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn deposits, and age-correlative strata of the Richardson trough host polymetallic hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) deposits. In both deposit types, organic matter is spatially and temporally associated with mineralization. We investigated the characteristics of organic ma...

2022. Geochemical evidence for a magmatic contribution to the metal budget of the Windy Craggy Cu-Co(±Zn) volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, northwestern British Columbia; in Targeted Geoscience Initiative 5: volcanic-and sediment-hosted massive-sulfide deposit genesis and exploration methods, (ed.) J.M. Abstract: Volcanogenic massive-sulfide (V...

Understanding the controls on the behaviour of metalloids (Se, As) and metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) in natural aqueous systems is vital to interpreting hydrogeochemical data in environmental and mineral exploration applications. Geochemical, isotopic, and redox measurements of a suite of groundwaters sampled from around the ABM zone from the Kudz Ze Kayah (...

Please download for free at: https://doi.org/10.4095/329203 Sedimentary basins are prospective for a wide range of critical raw materials and improved mineral exploration targeting in these settings has the potential to reduce future supply chain disruptions. Herein we report public geoscience datasets that are used in Lawley et al. (in press) to...

Demand for critical raw materials is expected to accelerate over the next few decades due to continued population growth and the shifting consumption patterns of the global economy. Sedimentary basins are important sources for critical raw materials and new discoveries of sediment–hosted Mississippi Valley–type (MVT) and/or clastic–dominated (CD) Z...

The MacMillan Pass district in Yukon, Canada, hosts the Tom and Jason clastic sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-(Ba) deposits. Pyrite-bearing drill core samples were collected from seven drill holes that intersected sulfide mineralization and time-stratigraphically equivalent rocks at varied spatial distances extending up to 3 km away from the deposits to a...

The MacMillan Pass District in Yukon, Canada, hosts the Tom and Jason clastic sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-(Ba) deposits. Bulk geochemical paleoredox proxies (Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce*, Mo, Re/Mo, and Ni/Co) indicate anoxic-dysoxic water column and sulfidic porewater conditions persisted during the Late Devonian deposition of the Lower Earn Group host rocks. Posi...

The Garmab-e-Paein Cu-Ag volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit occurs as stratiform and stratabound orebody within a specific stratigraphic horizon in a Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Sabzevar zone, northeast Iran. The host rocks to mineralization are andesitic- trachyandesitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Based on t...

The genetic model, including conditions under which mineralization formed, and relative timing of mineralization are critical questions for SEDEX deposits. There is increasing awareness that sub-seafloor replacement is an important process in the formation of some SEDEX deposits. We have studied the Hossein-Abad and Western Haft-Savaran Zn-Pb SEDEX...

There is increasing acceptance of the presence of variable magmatic contributions to the mineralizing fluids in the formation of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. The world-class Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Au deposit (>300 MT @ 2.12 wt% Cu) in northwestern British Columbia is of interest because, unlike most VMS deposits, fluid inclusions in qua...

This article for the SGA News describes the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) which is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, Geoscience Australia, and the Geological Survey of Canada.

Hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Au-Re mineralization is geographically widespread across the Richardson trough in north Yukon, where it discontinuously outcrops at the regional contact between the Road River Group and overlying Canol Formation. Stratigraphic relationships indicate the contact is Middle Devonian, but there are no pr...

In 2018, archived Geological Survey of Canada lake sediment samples from west-central Baffin Island, Nunavut were reanalyzed by the Government of Nunavut through the Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Canada. By re-examining the samples, it was possible to i) analyze for a larger range of elements (66 in 2...

The Tom and Jason sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn-Ag-(Ba) deposits in Yukon, Canada grade 7.4 wt% and 7.0 wt% Zn, and 6.5 wt% and 4.6 wt% Pb, with Zn + Pb tonnages of 15.7 and 10.1 Mt, respectively. Pyrite-bearing samples from seven drill holes situated within and distal (in time-stratigraphically equivalent rocks, 2 – 4 km away) to mineraliza...

The Barika deposit is the first documented auriferous Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in Iran. It is hosted in meta andesites of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic Zone (SSZ). The mineralization and host rocks have been metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies. The deposit has Au and Ag grades in the stratiform lens averaging 3...

The MacMillan Pass district in Yukon, Canada, hosts the Tom and Jason sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn-Ag-(Ba) deposits. Pyrite-bearing drill core samples were collected from seven drill holes that intersected mineralization and time-stratigraphically equivalent rocks 2 – 3 km away. Detailed petrographic analyses reveal four pyrite textural var...

Recent work on the largest sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) district in Canada, the Howard's Pass district (HPD) in Selwyn Basin, Yukon, has shown that a persistently euxinic water column was not the source of sulphur in the miner-alization, and that the redox conditions of the water column (and shallow subsurface) varied from anoxic to suboxic to eu...

The Moss Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Re-Au hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) showing is located in the western Richardson Mountains and is one of several in northern Yukon. The mineralization consists of a thin, stratiform semi-massive Fe-Ni-Mo-Zn sulphide horizon that occurs at the stratigraphic contact between the Road River Group and Canol Formation. This st...

The Tom and Jason sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn-Ag-(Ba) deposits in Yukon grade 7.4 weight % and 7.0 weight % Zn, and 6.5 weight % and 4.6 weight % Pb, with zinc and lead tonnages of 15.7 and 10.1 Mt, respectively. Pyrite is ubiquitous in SEDEX deposits and can potentially reveal much information about the environment and nature of depositio...

Hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) deposits such as those hosted in Devonian black shales of northern Yukon are a globally significant source of a variety of economically important metals, particularly nickel, copper, zinc and platinum group elements (PGE). The Yukon HEBS occurs as a thin (<10 cm) but laterally extensive (10 000s km 2) strati-form a...

The world-class Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Au deposit, northwestern British Columbia, is investigated to assess potential magmatic contributions to mineralizing fluids in volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. Windy Craggy is of particular interest for two reasons: 1) its atypically large size and high-grade; and 2) the observation of fluid inclusio...

Middle Devonian Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Au-Re hyper-enriched black shales (HEBS) from Peel River in north Yukon have high abundances of platinum group elements (PGE; ca. 500 ppb), Au (40–130 ppb) and Re (8–55 ppm). Mineralization occurs in up to three thin (0.5–10 cm thick) layers that include the regionally extensive HEBS at the Road River Group-Canol Form...

This poster presents recent advances in understanding of the formation of hyper-enriched black shale mineralization in Yukon, Canada. Highlights include previously unpublished data and new figures. This poster builds on what was published in Gadd and Peter (2018).

Infrared (Visible-Near Infrared-Shortwave Infrared (VNIR-SWIR)) spectroscopy is a cost-effective technique for mineral identification in the field. Modern hand-held spectrometers are equipped with on-board spectral libraries that enable rapid, qualitative analysis of most minerals and facilitate recognition of key alteration minerals for exploratio...

There are a lot of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and numerous mineral occurrences of this type of mineralization in Iran. VMS deposits can be subdivided into different types, and Iranian VMS deposits represent all of the recognized types: mafic-, pelitic-mafic-, bimodal-mafic-, bimodal-felsic- and felsic-siliciclastic-type, and these...

The Arak basin in the northern part of the Malayer-Esfahan metallogenic belt (MEMB) of Iran hosts 9 Zn-Pb sulfide deposits within a Jurassic sedimentary succession of black, fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and shale. This succession was deposited in an extensional back-arc environment between the Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone (SSZ) and the Central Irania...

Summer 2017 fieldwork in Yukon’s lower Paleozoic shale basins (Selwyn basin and Richardson trough)involved participants from government geological surveys (Yukon Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada) and several universities (Queen’s, McGill, St. Francis Xavier, Stanford and Dartmouth College). Research interests include: 1) shale chemost...

The commonly accepted genetic model for sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) lead-zinc deposits requires a marine basin with anoxic (no oxygen) and euxinic (free H2S) conditions, in order to provide sulphur to bond with the metals. Recent work on the largest SEDEX district in Canada, the Howard’s Pass district, Selwyn Basin, Yukon, has cast doubt on the...

Hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) deposits are a globally significant repository of base, strategic and precious metals. Some of the best examples of this deposit type are hosted within Devonian shales in northern Yukon. Hyper-accumulations of Ni-Zn-Mo-platinum group elements (PGE) occur in a thin (<10 cm) stratiform and stratabound layer that is w...

There is increasing recognition that there is a variable magmatic component to mineralizing fluids in volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit formation. A previous fluid inclusion study conducted on the Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Au deposit in northwestern British Columbia documented primary inclusion fluids salinities that are higher than typical VMS...

Hyper-enriched black shales (HEBS) that are enriched in Ni, Zn, Mo, and other elements occur within the Devonian strata of Yukon over 100s to 1000s km2. The mineralization is typically up to several tens of centimetres thick. Recently, during exploration for SEDEX deposits, mineralization that is potentially analogous (and time-stratigraphically eq...

Polymetallic metalliferous shales are an important global resource for Zn, Ni, Cu, Mo, Se, U, V, ± Cr, Co, Ag, Au, platinum group elements (PGE) and rare earth elements (REE). The deposits are typically thin (<10 cm) and laterally widespread, covering thousands of km2. Yukon hosts some of the best examples in the world and the Nick Ni-Zn-Mo-PGE dep...

Canada Zinc Metals Corp. intersected black shale-hosted Ni-Zn sulphide mineralization in nine drill holes on the Akie property in the Kechika Trough, north-central British Columbia. These intersections are stratigraphically beneath the Cardiac Creek sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, up to 1.17m thick (core length), and have been traced over...

The Wadi Bidah Mineral District of Saudi Arabia contains more than 16 small outcropping strata-bound volcanogenic Cu–Zn–(Pb) ± Au-bearing massive sulphide deposits and associated zones of hydrothermal alteration. Here, we use major and trace element analyses of massive sulphides, gossans, and hydrothermally altered and least altered metamorphosed h...

The Howard’s Pass district of sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Zn-Pb deposits is located in Yukon Territory and comprises 14 Zn-Pb deposits that contain an estimated 400.7 Mt of sulfide mineralization grading 4.5 % Zn and 1.5 % Pb. Mineralization is hosted in carbonaceous and calcareous and, to a lesser extent, siliceous mudstones. Pyrite is a minor...

Research is focused on 4 areas. 1) Evaluation of the roles of anoxia (no O2 in the water column), euxinia (H2S in the water column), and microbes in SEDEX and VSMS deposit formation. The long-standing exploration model for these deposits is that reduced (organic matter-rich and pyritic) sediments are a key requisite (as an inhibitor of destructive...

The Gushfil stratabound Zn-Pb-(Ag-Ba) deposit is hosted by an Early Cretaceous siliciclastic-carbonate sequence depos-ited in an extensional back-arc basin setting in the Malayer-Esfahan Metallogenic Belt in the southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran. Mineralization is mainly hosted in dolostone and black siltstone. Based on petrographic s...

The Howard’s Pass district comprises 14 Zn-Pb sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits and is located within the Selwyn basin, Yukon, Canada. Although the HPD is renowned for its large accumulation of base-metal sulfides, in places the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian host rocks also contain abundant (carbonate-bearing) fluorapatite (CBFA). This mi...

The Howard’s Pass district (HPD) comprises 14 Zn-Pb sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits and is located within the Selwyn basin, Yukon, Canada. Although the HPD is renowned for its large accumulation of base-metal sulfides, in places the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian host rocks also contain abundant carbonate-bearing fluorapatite (CBFA). Thi...

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) field and laboratory spectra were used to identify and characterize hydrothermal alteration mineral chemical variability in host rocks proximal to the Izok Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in Nunavut, Canada. The deposit is hosted within a sequence of predominantly felsic pyroclastic rocks of Ar...

The Howard’s Pass district, located in Yukon Territory, comprises 14 Zn-Pb sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits that collectively contain approximately 400.7 Mt grading at 4.5 % Zn and 1.5 % Pb. Sulfide mineralization is hosted in carbonaceous and calcareous to siliceous mudstones. Pyrite is a minor but ubiquitous component. Detailed petrographi...

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are a globally significant source of base and precious metals. These deposits are typically surrounded by a hydrothermal alteration zone that is characterized by mineralogical, textural and chemical compositional changes of the rocks. Although there are some common alteration patterns across different VMS...

Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits are an important source of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag in Canada. These deposits formed on the paleo-seafloor in volcanic or volcano-sedimentary rocks. On the glaciated landscape of Canada, the bulk composition of till (so-called ‘till geochemistry’) is an important exploration method for VMS deposits. Herein we p...

Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits are an important source of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag in Canada. These deposits formed on the paleo-seafloor in volcanic or volcano-sedimentary rocks. On the glaciated landscape of Canada, the bulk composition of till (so-called ‘till geochemistry’) is an important exploration method for VMS deposits. Herein we p...

Oxygen isotope compositions were determined for 99 whole-rock samples of felsic host rocks collected in the vicinity of the Izok volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit. The results reveal a distinct pattern of oxygen isotope zonation spatially centred over the massive sulphide lenses produced by water/rock reaction in a hydrothermal system. The zona...

Research on topical aspects of the genesis of, and exploration for, volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits was formulated and carried out under the auspices of the Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Ore System of the Targeted Geoscience Initiative 4 Program. Research activities were focussed on addressing two main themes: 1) development of innovat...

We have investigated the application of ground, laboratory and airborne optical remote sensing methods to the detection of hydrothermal alteration zones associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits using the Izok Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag deposit, Nunavut as a test site. The deposit is located in a subarctic environment where lichens are abu...