Jan Kiesewetter

• Prof. PhD
• Project Manager at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich

BACKGROUND: Effective team performance is essential in the delivery of high-quality health-care. Leadership skills therefore are an important part of physicians' everyday clinical life. To date, the development of leadership skills are underrepresented in medical curricula. Appropriate training methods for equipping doctors with these leadership sk...

Introduction: Health care delivery involves multiple health professions, and increasingly, diagnostic and therapeutic decisions are made through interprofessional teamwork. We define collaborative clinical reasoning (CCR) as the process in which two or more health care team members negotiate diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic issues of an indi...

Background Clinical reasoning is a key competence in medicine. There is a lack of knowledge, how non-experts like medical students solve clinical problems. It is known that they have difficulties applying conceptual knowledge to clinical cases, that they lack metacognitive awareness and that higher level cognitive actions correlate with diagnostic...

ContextStudies have shown that patients' subjective perceptions of physicians' competence and friendliness are relevant aspects of a successful treatment, influencing patients' well-being and trust in the physician. Psychological research has repeatedly shown that unconsciously contracting muscles that are usually used to smile can intensify and ev...

Background: Is there evidence for expertise on collaboration and, if so, is there evidence for cross-domain application? Recall of stimuli was used to measure so-called internal collaboration scripts of novices and experts in two studies. Internal collaboration scripts refer to an individual's knowledge about how to interact with others in a socia...

Background Artificial intelligence, particularly natural language processing (NLP), enables automating the formative assessment of written task solutions to provide adaptive feedback automatically. A laboratory study found that, compared with static feedback (an expert solution), adaptive feedback automated through artificial neural networks enhanc...

Teachers routinely observe and interpret student behavior to make judgements about whether and how to support their students’ learning. Simulated cases can help pre-service teachers to gain this skill of diagnostic reasoning. With 118 pre-service teachers, we tested whether participants rate simulated cases presented in a serial-cue case format as...

Introduction Interprofessional training wards (IPTW) aim to improve undergraduates' interprofessional collaborative practice of care. Little is known about the effects of the different team tasks on IPTW as measured by external assessment. In Heidelberg, Germany, four nursing and four medical undergraduates (= one cohort) care for up to six patient...

Teachers need to learn complex skills in higher education, such as diagnostic argumentation. We suggest that relations between the argumentation facets justification, disconfirmation, and transparency are a relevant indicator for the quality of diagnostic argumentation. In an experimental study, we investigated whether automatic adaptive feedback –...

Background: Interprofessional training wards (IPTW) can contribute to the development of interprofessional competencies. In order to evaluate the acquisition of competencies, instruments are needed that record both team performance and individual competencies in the clinical teaching setting in third-party assessment. This paper describes the Inte...

In simulations, pre-service teachers need sophisticated feedback to develop complex skills such as diagnostic reasoning. In an experimental study with N = 178 pre-service teachers about simulated pupils with learning difficulties, we investigated the effects of automatic adaptive feedback, which is based on artificial neural networks, on pre-servic...

Background In undergraduate medical education virtual patients (VPs) are a suitable method to teach clinical reasoning and support the visualization of this thinking process in a safe environment. The aim of our study was to investigate differences in the clinical reasoning process and diagnostic accuracy of female and male medical students. Metho...

Research on diagnosing in teacher education has primarily emphasized the accuracy of diagnostic judgments and has explained it in terms of factors such as diagnostic knowledge. However, approaches to scientific argumentation and information processing suggest differentiating between diagnostic judgment and diagnostic argumentation: When making accu...

Introduction Mentoring is an effective method for human resource development. Monitoring the process is important for individual mentee/mentor pairs as well as for program directors. Due to individual personality differences of both mentees and mentors and their respective interactions, it is challenging to monitor the individual development proces...

Background: Learning with virtual patients is highly popular for fostering clinical reasoning in medical education. However, little learning with virtual patients is done collaboratively, despite the potential learning benefits of collaborative versus individual learning. Objective: This paper describes the implementation of student collaboratio...

Reasoning about students who might have behavioral, developmental, or learning disorders is a relevant aspect of teachers’ everyday practice (Reinke et al., Sch Psychol Q 26(1):1, 2011). Therefore, this content area should be part of teacher education. Accordingly, we developed a simulation-based learning environment in which pre-service teachers g...

Background Resilience is a widely-used catchword in the last couple of years to describe the resistance to psychological strains of life, especially for the healthcare work-force. The promises of resilience to burnout sound great and what we all would want: less health impairment despite stress, higher work satisfaction and last but not least highe...

Collaborations between researchers and practitioners have recently become increasingly popular in education, and educational design research (EDR) may benefit greatly from investigating such partnerships. One important domain in which EDR on collaborations between researchers and practitioners can be applied is research on simulation-based learning...

In this article, we investigate diagnostic activities and diagnostic practices in medical education and teacher education. Previous studies have tended to focus on comparing knowledge between disciplines, but such an approach is complicated due to the content specificity of knowledge. We compared 142 learners from medical education and 122 learners...

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Arbeiten Sie mit Lehramtsstudierenden, Lehrenden und/ oder pädagogischem Fachperson? Glauben Sie, dass Ihre Studierenden und Mitarbeitenden von gesteigerter Resilienz profitieren können? Dieses Trainingsmanual leitet Sie als TrainerIn durch fünf sorgfältig gestaltete Module, die darauf abzielen, den Lernenden verschiedene Aspekte der Resilienz inne...

Objectives For the professional development of junior employees, sufficient competence is decisive for their career. The mentoring programme Urology Roadmap provides residents career planning in various roles (junior staff member, developer, networker, multiplier). To date, no data are available on the extent to which the role matrix instrument is...

BACKGROUND Learning with virtual patients is highly popular for fostering clinical reasoning in medical education. However, little learning with virtual patients is done collaboratively, despite the potential learning benefits of collaborative vs. individual learning. OBJECTIVE In this article, we describe the rationale behind the implementation o...

Background Resilience is a widely-used catchword in the last couple of years to describe the resistance to psychological strains of life, especially for the healthcare work force. The promises of resilience to burnout sound great and what we all would want: less health impairment despite stress, higher work satisfaction and last but not least highe...

Background Resilience is a widely-used catchword in the last couple of years to describe the resistance to psychological strains of life, especially for the healthcare work force. The promises of resilience to burnout sound great and what we all would want: less health impairment despite stress, higher work satisfaction and last but not least highe...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Urologische OberärztInnen in Deutschland stellen eine heterogene Berufsgruppe mit verschiedenen klinischen Schwerpunkten und Karriereabsichten dar. Bisher gibt es keine gesicherten Kenntnisse darüber, welchen Einfluss die Anzahl der Berufsjahre in dieser Position auf die aktuelle Berufsausübung und Zufriedenheit hat. Mat...

Introduction: Clinical reasoning has been fostered with varying case formats including the use of virtual patients. Existing literature points to different conclusions regarding which format is most beneficial for learners with diverse levels of prior knowledge. We designed our study to better understand which case format affects clinical reasonin...

Background: Clinical reasoning is one of the central competencies in everyday clinical practice. Diagnostic competence is often measured based on diagnostic accuracy. It is implicitly assumed that a correct diagnosis is based on a proper diagnostic process, although this has never been empirically tested. The frequency and nature of errors in stude...

Diagnostic argumentation can be decomposed referring to the dimensions of content (see Toulmin 2003) and explicated strategy use indicated by epistemic activities (see Fischer et al. 2014). We propose a conceptual framework to analyze these two dimensions within diagnostic argumentation and explore its use within initial applications using the meth...

Objective: Fostering clinical reasoning is a mainstay of medical education. Based on the clinicopathological conferences, we propose a case-based peer teaching approach called clinical case discussions (CCDs) to promote the respective skills in medical students. This study compares the effectiveness of different CCD formats with varying degrees of...

Our proposed system FAMULUS helps students learn to diagnose based on automatic feedback in virtual patient simulations, and it supports instructors in labeling training data. Diagnosing is an exceptionally difficult skill to obtain but vital for many different professions (e.g., medical doctors, teachers). Previous case simulation systems are limi...

Background: Development of medical students’ clinical reasoning is a key task for medical schools. Virtual patients (VPs) have been found to help students learn. During the diagnostic process, students are often asked to reflect upon their reasoning. Thus far, the relationship of these reflections with the diagnostic outcomes has not been investiga...

Background: Clinical reasoning is a key skill of the medical profession. Therefore, it is necessary to teach and practice these skills during medical education. Findings suggest that simulations with virtual patients advance development of clinical reasoning skills, i.e. strategic knowledge. Diagnostic accuracy, seems to be superior in dyads, compa...

Many complex discourse-level tasks can aid domain experts in their work but require costly expert annotations for data creation. To speed up and ease annotations, we investigate the viability of automatically generated annotation suggestions for such tasks. As an example, we choose a task that is particularly hard for both humans and machines: the...

Objectives We sought to establish the feasibility of chunking crew resource management (CRM) training into micro-size interventions and to compare different training approaches in the context of micro-learning. Design We evaluated whether participants in micro-learning CRM activities achieved learning objectives following training. In a between-su...

Survey questions. Questions and answering options administered at t0, t1,and t2. (PDF)

Video interventions. Transcript of the instructional video (example group) and videotaped lecture (lecture group). (DOCX)

Objectives: Crew resource management (CRM) training formats have become a popular method to increase patient safety by consideration of the role that human factors play in healthcare delivery. The purposes of this review were to identify what is subsumed under the label of CRM in a healthcare context and to determine how such training is delivered...

Background: Understanding clinical reasoning is a major challenge in medical education research. Little is known about the influence of scaffolding and feedback on the clinical reasoning of medical students. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of problem representation (cognitive representation of a clinical case) and structured scaffo...

Diagnostic reasoning is a key component of many professions. To improve students' diagnostic reasoning skills, educational psychologists analyse and give feedback on epistemic activities used by these students while diagnosing, in particular, hypothesis generation, evidence generation, evidence evaluation, and drawing conclusions. However, this man...

Background Clinical reasoning is an important topic in healthcare training, assessment, and research. Virtual patients (VPs) are a safe environment to teach, assess and perform research on clinical reasoning and diagnostic accuracy. Our aim was to explore the details of the clinical reasoning process and diagnostic accuracy of undergraduate medical...

Multinomial logistic regression for the W (Wrong) and S (System Solution) groups compared to the C (Correct) group. (DOCX)

List of virtual patients used for our study. (DOCX)

Introduction To establish clinical reasoning skills is one of the key goals of medical school. This study examined to what extent prior knowledge influences extraneous cognitive load(ECL,1) and how emotions influence the learning of clinical reasoning with virtual patients(VPs). Following research questions were asked: RQ1:How does prior knowledge...

Abstract: Introduction To foster diagnostic competence with online cases in different formats has been a focus in medical education research. In a review a whole case format, presenting all information at once, is distinguished from a serial-cue case format, where the learner can access information on a patient case in a stepwise manner(1). There...

Objective: Representations are mental summaries of a clinical case and help in understanding a clinical problem. However, it is still largely unknown which clinical information medical students include in their case representations. In this study, therefore, the structure and quality of students’ case representations were examined to better underst...

Arbeiten Sie mit Medizinstudierenden, Ärzten oder Gesundheitsfachpersonal? Glauben Sie, dass Ihre Studierenden und Mitarbeiter von gesteigerter Resilienz profitieren können? Dieses Trainingsmanual leitet Sie als Trainer durch fünf sorgfältig gestaltete Module die darauf abzielen, den Lernenden verschiedene Aspekte der Resilienz innerhalb des Traini...

Introduction: To foster diagnostic competence with online cases in different formats has been a focus in medical education research. In a review a whole case format, presenting all information at once, is distinguished from a serial-cue case format, where the learner can access information on a patient case in a stepwise manner(1). There is a conti...

Do you work with medical students and healthcare professionals? Do you think they could benefit from heightened levels of resiliency? This instructional manual will guide you through five carefully designed modules aimed to teach, practice, and refine resilience abilities in medical students and healthcare professionals. The manual offers learning...

Background: Virtual patients (VPs) are narrative-based educational activities to train clinical reasoning in a safe environment. Our aim was to explore the influence of the design of the narrative and level of difficulty on the clinical reasoning process, diagnostic accuracy and time-on-task. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, we analyzed t...

Objectives In undergraduate medical education, the topics of errors in medicine and patient safety are under-represented. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate medical students’ behavioural intentions when confronted with an error. Design A qualitative case vignette survey was conducted including one of six randomly distributed case s...

The topic of patient safety is of fundamental interest for the health care sector. In view of the realisation of the National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalogue for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) this topic now has to be prepared for medical education. For a disciplinary and content-related orientation the GMA Committee de- velo...

Background: Clinical reasoning is a complex skill students have to acquire during their education. For educators it is difficult to explain their reasoning to students, because it is partly an automatic and unconscious process. Virtual Patients (VPs) are used to support the acquisition of clinical reasoning skills in healthcare education. However,...

Summary of the findings of step 2 - the application of the framework to virtual patients - for each category

Background: Diagnostic errors occur frequently in daily clinical practice and put patients’ safety at risk. There is an urgent need to improve education on clinical reasoning to reduce diagnostic errors. However, little is known about diagnostic errors of medical students. In this study, the nature of the causes of diagnostic errors made by medical...

Presentation of first results of the data collection phase from March - July 2017 at the AMEE conference.

Background For the purpose of providing excellent patient care, residents need to be strong, effective leaders. The lack of clinical leadership is alarming given the detrimental effects on patient safety. The objective of the study was to assess whether a leadership training addressing transactional and transformational leadership enhances leadersh...

Background For the purpose of providing excellent patient care, residents need to be strong, effective leaders. The lack of clinical leadership is alarming given the detrimental effects on patient safety. The objective of the study was to assess whether a leadership training addressing transactional and transformational leadership enhances leadersh...

Background and objective: There is a need for young physicians to take a responsible role in clinical teams, comparable to a leadership role. However, today’s medical curricula barely consider the development of leadership competencies. Acquisition of leadership skills are currently a by-product of medical education, even though it seems to be a co...

FAMULUS ermittelt Bedingungen für den effektiven Einsatz von online Fallsimulationen zur Förderung von Diagnosekompetenzen in der Hochschullehre. Es werden neue Möglichkeiten der automatischen Textanalyse für adaptives Feedback auf die Diagnose- und Begründungsversuche von Lernenden bei der Bearbeitung von Fallsimulationen entwickelt.

Introduction: Topics of paIntroduction: Topics of patient safety are being taught increasingly within medical eudcation. To date, however, there is no suitable means of measuring the status quo of medical students’ attitudes towards patient safety in German-speaking Europe. The German validation of a short version of the Attitude towards Patient Sa...

German Short Version of the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire G-APSQshort

Presentation at the

Clinical work occurs in a context which is heavily influenced by social interactions. The absence of theoretical frameworks underpinning the design of collaborative learning has become a roadblock for interprofessional education (IPE). This article proposes a script-based framework for the design of IPE. This framework provides suggestions for desi...

To develop a computer-based test (CBT) measuring medical students’ communication skills in the field of shared decision making (SDM) and to evaluate its construct validity. The CBT was developed in the context of an experimental study comparing three different trainings for SDM (including e-learning and/or role-play) and a control group. Assessmen...

Background: Since the report "To err is human" was published by the Institute of Medicine in the year 2000, topics regarding patient safety and error management are in the focal point of interest of science and politics. Despite international attention, a structured and comprehensive medical education regarding these topics remains to be missing....

Objective: Internally guided actions are defined as being purposeful, self-generated and offering choices between alternatives. Intentional actions are essential to reach individual goals. In previous empirical studies, internally guided actions were predominantly related to functional responses in frontal and parietal areas. The aim of the present...

Fragestellung/Einleitung: Assistenzärzte übernehmen von Beginn ihrer Weiterbildung an informelle Führungsverantwortung in zumeist interprofessionell zusammengestellten Teams, auf die sich viele nicht hinreichend vorbereitet fühlen [3], [1]. Trotz der Bedeutung der systematischen Vermittlung von Führungskompetenzen in der ärztlichen Aus- und Weiterb...

Aim: Performing vaccine and travel consultations is a crucial aspect of the daily routine in general medicine. However, medical education does not provide adequately and structured training for this future task of medical students. While existing courses mainly focus on theoretical aspects, we developed a course aiming to foster practical experienc...

Background: Collaboration as a key qualification in medical education and everyday routine in clinical care can substantially contribute to im- proving patient safety. Internal collaboration scripts are conceptualized as organized - yet adaptive – knowledge that can be used in specific situations in professional everyday life. This study examines t...

Background: Simulation-based teamwork trainings are considered a powerful training method to advance teamwork, which becomes more relevant in medical education. The measurement of teamwork is of high importance and several instruments have been developed for various medical domains to meet this need. To our knowledge, no theoretically-based and eas...

Following the model of medicine, evidence-based practice can be characterized as the conscientious use of the best currently available empirical evidence in professional practice. This is a complex challenge for educational practitioners. The goal of the present paper is to validate an instrument for the measurement of the required competence. The...

Following the model of medicine, evidence-based practice can be characterized as the conscientious use of the best currently available empirical evidence in professional practice. This is a complex challenge for educational practitioners. The goal of the present paper is to validate an instrument for the measurement of the required competence. The...

Evidenzbasierten Praxis im Bildungsbereich nach dem Vorbild der Medizin setzt voraus, dass Lehrkräfte bildungswissenschaftliche Forschungsresultate kennen, für nützlich halten und als Ressource in ihrer professionellen Tätigkeit nutzen. Über die Ressourcen, auf die Lehrkräfte zurückgreifen, ist jedoch wenig bekannt. In der vorliegenden explorativen...

Introduction: Errors in medicine and patient safety are topics with growing scientific and public attention. In undergraduate medical education, these issues are little investigated so far. The aim of this study was to collect data regarding attitudes and needs of medical students. Methods: In a sample of 269 German medical students, data were c...

In all domains teams knowledge of the others team members’ expertise is of high importance and has been named transactive memory system (TMS). Especially in healthcare, where teams are often formed ad-hoc and the performance directly reflects patients’ wellbeing, the relationship between TMS, shared collaborative experience and performance needs to...

Problem-solving in terms of clinical reasoning is regarded as a key competence of medical doctors. Little is known about the general cognitive actions underlying the strategies of problem-solving among medical students. In this study, a theory-based model was used and adapted in order to investigate the cognitive actions in which medical students a...