Jan M. Kelner

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Verified

Jan verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD DSc MBA, Prof. of WAT
• Dean at Military University of Technology

A method to evaluate the statistical properties of the reception angle seen at the input receiver that considers the receiving antenna pattern is presented. In particular, the impact of the direction and beamwidth of the antenna pattern on distribution of the reception angle is shown on the basis of 3D simulation studies. The obtained results show...

The statistical properties of the received signal are significantly dependent on the direction of arrival at the receiving antenna. Therefore, knowledge of the arrival angles is useful in simulation studies of wireless channels. This study presents a method for determining the arrival angles and their intensity in the azimuth and elevation planes....

The paper presents an estimation of the reception angle distribution based on temporal characteristics such as the power delay spectrum (PDS) or power delay profile (PDP). Here, we focus on such wireless environment, where the propagation phenomenon predominates in azimuth plane. As a basis to determine probability density function (PDF) of the ang...

The main drawback of channel models presented in the literature is the lack of physically justified integration of all basic phenomena such as fluctuations, channel dispersion, and selective fading that occur in the actual radio channels. Based on physical premises, presented in this paper, the developed channel model reproduces all basic phenomena...

Currently, almost unrestricted access to low-lying areas of airspace creates an opportunity to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially those capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), in transport services. UAVs become increasingly popular for transporting postal items over small, medium, and large distances. It is forecasted that, in...

The spatial statistics of radio wave propagation in specific environments and scenarios, as well as being able to recognize important signal components, are prerequisites for dependable connectivity. There are several reasons why in-vehicle communication is unique, including safety considerations and vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure communication....

This paper introduces an approach to process channel sounder data acquired from Channel Impulse Response (CIR) of 60GHz and 80GHz channel sounder systems, through the integration of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network (NN) and Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN). The primary goal is to enhance and automate cluster detection within peaks...

Fifth generation (5G) new radio is now offering sidelink capability, which allows direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Millimeter wave (mmWave) enables low-latency mission-critical V2V communications, such as forward crash warning, between two vehicles crossing on a road without dividers. In this article, we present a measurement-based pa...

In this letter, we examine the effect of misalignment angle on cluster-based power delay profile (PDP) modeling for a 60 GHz millimeter-wave uplink. The analysis uses real-world data, where fixed uplink scenarios are realized by placing the transmitter at ground level and the receiver at the building level. Both outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) and outdoor-...

This paper presents a comprehensive measurement campaign aimed at evaluating indoor-to-indoor radio channels in dynamic scenarios, with a particular focus on applications such as autonomous ground vehicles (AGV). These scenarios are characterized by the height of the antennas, addressing the unique challenges of near-ground communication. Our study...

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology offers high throughput but has a limited radio range, necessitating the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems such as massive MIMO. Path loss (PL) models using narrow-beam antennas are known as directional models, while those using omnidirectional antennas are referred to as omnidirectional models. T...

In this paper, we analyze the spectral efficiency for millimeter wave downlink with beam misalignment in urban macro scenario. For this purpose, we use a new approach based on the modified Shannon formula, which considers the propagation environment and antenna system coefficients. These factors are determined based on a multi-ellipsoidal propagati...

Vegetation significantly affects radio signal attenuation, influenced by factors such as signal frequency, plant species, and foliage density. Existing attenuation models typically address specific scenarios, like single trees, rows of trees, or green spaces, with the ITU-R P.833 recommendation being a widely recognized standard. Most assessments f...

In this paper, we present an empirical verification of the method of determining the Doppler spectrum (DS) from the power angular spectrum (PAS). Measurements were made for the frequency of 3.5 GHz, under non-line-of-sight conditions in suburban areas characteristic of a university campus. In the static scenario, the measured PAS was the basis for...

The localization of radio emitters is a fundamental task in reconnaissance systems, and it has become increasingly important with the evolution of mobile networks. The signal Doppler frequency (SDF) method, developed for dual-use applications, leverages Doppler frequency shifts (DFSs) in received signals to estimate the positions of radio transmitt...

Streszczenie: Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne (BSP) odgry-wają coraz większą rolę we współczesnych konfliktach zbrojnych, określanych nawet "wojną dronów". Jednym z zastosowań BSP jest monitoring widma elektromagnetycz-nego w celu budowania świadomości sytuacyjnej. Pojedyn-cze sensory radiowe mogą wykrywać zajętość kanałów lub zbliżające się zagrożen...

W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano i przetestowano system wizyjny służący śledzeniu lecącej piłki w celu wypracowania sterowania dla robota wieloosiowego mającego za zadanie złapanie jej. Do detekcji i lokalizacji piłki na obrazie z dwóch, prostopadle ustawionych, kamer zastosowano laplasjan filtru gaussowskiego (LoG) oraz autorski podsystem filtracj...

In the dynamic landscape of wireless communication, spectrum sensing algorithms play a crucial role in the evolution of Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). As CRNs adapt dynamically to varying spectrum conditions, robust spectrum sensing becomes pivotal. In the realm of spectrum sensing, accurate estimation of noise power is paramount for reliable dec...

In this paper, we examine the effect of misalignment angle on cluster-based power delay profile modeling for a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) uplink. The analysis uses real-world data, where fixed uplink scenarios are realized by placing the transmitter at ground level and the receiver at the building level. Both outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) and outdoo...

Fourth-generation (4G) mobile networks are successively replaced by fifth-generation (5G) ones, based on the new releases of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard. 5G generation is dedicated to civilian users and the conducted analytical work shows that it has numerous technological gaps that prevent its direct implementation in mi...

In this paper, we explore several widely available software-defined radio (SDR) platforms that could be used for locating with the signal Doppler frequency (SDF) method. In the SDF, location error is closely related to the accuracy of determining the Doppler frequency shift. Therefore, ensuring high frequency stability of the SDR, which is utilized...

The development of new telecommunication services requires the implementation of advanced technologies and the next generations of networks. Currently, the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a widely used standard. On the other hand, more and more mobile network operators (MNOs) are implementing the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio standard in their netwo...

The paper presents the concept of determining the flight trajectory of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm that forms a flying ad-hoc network (FANET) for communication with each other. The FANET allows the swarm to follow a predetermined route between the starting and ending areas performing the reconnaissance task of the most significant area d...

The deployment of wireless systems in millimeter wave relies on a thorough understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation under various weather conditions and scenarios. In this study, we characterize millimeter wave propagation effects from measurement data, utilizing channel impulse response analysis with a focus on root mean square delay spre...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) providing positioning, navigation and synchronization, has become an important element of modern systems and devices that have a crucial impact on many economy branches and the life of an common person. Literature analysis and reports from recent armed conflicts show that the use of techniques for jamming...

The occurrence of cross-beam interference in the received signal is one of the main problems that limit the possibilities of massive multiple-input–multiple-output technology (massive-MIMO) in fifth-generation (5G) systems. Thus, the evaluation of the level of this interference is one of the most important procedures in the spatial planning of curr...

The Regulatory Authority monitors and regulates the telecom market at a national-wide range. One of its main tasks is to put spectrum at the disposal of the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) for serving the increasing number of users and services. Another task of the Regulator is to demand a minimum quality of service to the network infrastructure. F...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of modern technology, particularly in telecommunications and pervasive computerization across diverse sectors, the value of information has soared, becoming the linchpin of success in politics and business alike. With the majority of information now flowing through various computing devices, safeguarding them from...

This paper presents the results of the first localization measurements of a radio transmitter emitting modulated signals (e.g., binary and quadrature phase-shift keying or quadrature amplitude modulation) using the Signal Doppler Frequency (SDF) method implemented on a single flying measurement platform. The SDF method is an innovative localization...

Situational awareness of armed forces acting in an urban environment is a key factor determining the success of military operations. In 2021 the European Defence Agency established the project on Wireless Sensor Networks for Urban Local Areas Surveillance. The main goal of the project is to assess how the situational awareness in an urban environme...

This paper presents the results of the firstlocalization measurements of a radio transmitter emittingmodulated signals (e.g., binary and quadrature phase-shift keyingor quadrature amplitude modulation) using the Signal DopplerFrequency (SDF) method implemented on a single flyingmeasurement platform. The SDF method is an innovativelocalization metho...

Localization techniques of radio emitters are widely used in civil and military applications. In civilian systems, the positioning of user equipment in mobile networks is one of the basic functionalities on which many modern telecommunications services are based. In military systems, the location of radio emitters is one of the main tasks performed...

Fifth-generation (5G) technology is currently developing in mobile networks. The civilian 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard is the basis for this implementation. Higher throughput, network capacity, user density, and lower latency are the main advantages offered by 5G over Long Term Evolution (LTE) and older standards. For this rea...

Modern mobile networks provide access to a variety of services. On the one hand, mobile network operators (MNOs) are required to ensure adequate network coverage, on the other hand, the provided services should be performed at an appropriate level. Introducing the assessment and management system quality of service (QoS) is designed to fulfill the...

Quality of service (QoS) assessment is one of the basic processes carried out by mobile network operators (MNOs) and regulators of the telecommunications market. Usually, professional companies carry out measurements for various country areas and use cases (scenarios). In this paper, we show exemplary measurement results carried out in drive tests...

Radio wave propagation in an intra-vehicular (IV) environment is markedly different from other well-studied indoor scenarios, such as an office or a factory floor. While millimetre wave (mmWave)-based intra-vehicular communications promise large bandwidth and can achieve ultra-high data rates with lower latency, exploiting the advantages of mmWave...

The dynamic development of microelectronics and wireless communication at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries contributed to the increase in the availability and popularity of all kinds of unmanned platforms, air, land, surface, and underwater. In the case of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also popularly known as drones, the significant (cruc...

Fifth generation new radio (5G NR) is now offering sidelink capability, which allows direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Millimeter wave (mmWave) enables low-latency mission-critical V2V communications, such as forward crash warning, between two vehicles crossing on a road without dividers. In this article, we present a measurement-based...

The paper presents a method of creating a hidden channel using a signals’ superposition. According to this idea, a transmitter simultaneously sends overt and covert (secret) signals, whereby the overt signal is a carrier for the covert one. Due to the need to ensure a low probability of detection for covert communication, the covert signal should h...

In this paper, we present an empirical verification of the method of determining the Doppler spectrum (DS) from the power angular spectrum (PAS). Measurements were made for the frequency of 3.5 GHz, under non-line-of-sight conditions in suburban areas characteristic of a university campus. In the static scenario, the measured PAS was the basis for...

The development of mobile networks is directly related to developing the telecommunications services market. Introducing new services requires adjusting methods of quality of service (QoS) assessment and management. QoS control measurements in mobile networks are a standard practice carried out by specialized companies for mobile network operators...

Measurement and analysis of the QoS/QoE parameters of the 5G network are of great importance for telecommunications operators, telecommunications market regulators, and end users of networks. The assessment of the preparation of the network infrastructure and cellular systems for the provision of 5G services has become particularly important. METIS...

The upcoming fifth and next generation mobile phone systems will use not only the frequencybands of sub-6 GHz but also the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands. From a practical viewpoint,this approach requires the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems. To ensure greaterenergy efficiency of the wireless link, the radio beams on the tran...

This paper presents jamming and jamming mitigation techniques, which can be used in relation to emerging military systems based on fifth-generation (5G) technology. Nowadays, 5G technology provides incremental improvements over Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks resulting in the enhancement of civilian communications. Considering enormous possible...

Radio wave propagation in an intra-vehicular environment is markedly different from other well studied indoor scenarios such as an office or a factory oor. Millimeter Wave (mmWave) based intra-vehicular communications promises large bandwidth and can achieve ultra-high data rate with lower latency. However, exploiting the advantages of mmWave commu...

In this article we have utilized deep learning (DL) for channel sounding application in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band. Using data from a channel sounding campaign for studying intra-vehicle wireless channels operating over the 55-65 GHz mmWave band, we have trained an artificial neural network (ANN) model, which is used to simulate power-delay-...

Modern wireless communication systems use various technological solutions to increase the efficiency of created radio networks. This efficiency also applies to radio resources. Currently, the utilization of a radio environment map (REM) is one of the directions allowing to improve radio resource management. The REM is increasingly used in emerging...

The basic technology that will determine the expansion of the technical capabilities of fifth generation cellular systems is a massive multiple-input-multiple-output. Therefore, assessing the influence of the antenna beam orientations on the radio channel capacity is very significant. In this case, the effects of mismatching the antenna beam direct...

In emerging fifth-generation (5G) networks, millimeter-wave bands will be used. Due to high atmospheric attenuation, the 60 GHz band is planned to be used for indoor and outdoor line-of-sight communication. Numerous uses of this band for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connectivity are indicated in the literature. In this paper, we propose a novel...

Designers of a new radio device should always consider the need to perform appropriate self-tests. In the newly developed broadband radiocommunication recorder, a broadband receiver is one of its main components. Hence, the inclusion of a calibrator in its architecture is essential. The calibrator allows reading, saving, and changing receiver setti...

This paper focuses on the market analysis of radio receivers operating in the sub-6 GHz band. This analysis was performed for the ongoing project needs related to the development of a broadband radiocommunication recorder. The designed system should operate in the 1÷6 GHz band and enable continuous recording of a signal with a bandwidth of 500 MHz...

On the market, many broadband radiocommunication devices are offered by various companies. However, devices that can operate at the 1÷6 GHz carrier frequencies (i.e., sub-6GHz band) and record radio signals with the 500 MHz bandwidth continuously are not available off the shelf. These and other requirements had to be considered during developing an...

The use of a spatial selection of radio links in 5G networks is conditioned by the assessment of a power angular spectrum (PAS) of received signals. In this paper, we present a simulation procedure that allows the determination of the PAS for various environmental conditions and antenna patterns. The simulation procedure is based on a propagation m...

In this paper, the measurement data of an outdoor-to-indoor channel at 60 GHz for various orientations of the receiver is analyzed. We comment on the variation of the received line-of-sight (LOS) component power and delay spread with respect to the misalignment angle and suggest the existence of clusters which map to nearby buildings acting as scat...

Modern telecommunications systems require the use of various transmission techniques, which are either open or hidden. The open transmission system uses various security techniques against its unauthorized reception, and cryptographic solutions ensure the highest security. In the case of hidden transmissions, steganographic techniques are used, whi...

This paper presents a methodology for assessing co-channel interference that arises in multi-beam transmitting and receiving antennas used in fifth-generation (5G) systems. This evaluation is essential for minimizing spectral resources, which allows for using the same frequency bands in angularly separated antenna beams of a 5G-based station (gNode...

Multi-beam antenna systems are the basic technology used in developing fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. In practical implementations of 5G networks, different approaches are used to enable a massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) technique, including a grid of beams, zero-forcing, or eigen-based beamforming. All of these...

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) dominated navigation in air, sea, and land. Then, medium-range and long-range terrestrial navigation systems (TNSs) ceased to be developed. However, with the development of GNSS jamming and spoofing techniques, the TNSs are being re-developed, such as the Enhanc...

This paper focused on assessing the effectiveness of the signal Doppler frequency (SDF) method to locate a mobile emitter using a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Based on simulation results, we showed the impact of various factors such as the number of UAVs, the movement parameters of the emitter and the sensors on location effectiveness....

The use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to protect strategic maritime facilities is one of the directions of development of state security systems. The reliable operation of these devices depends on the immunity of their navigation system to targeted interference. This study presents the concept of an autonomous navigation system for the USV. T...

Radio environment maps (REMs) are beginning to be an integral part of modern mobile radiocommunication systems and networks, especially for ad-hoc, cognitive, and dynamic spectrum access networks. The REMs will use emerging military systems of tactical communications. The REM is a kind of database used at the stage of planning and management of the...

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming are key technologies, which significantly influence on increasing effectiveness of emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, especially mobile-cellular networks. In this case, the increasing effectiveness is understood mainly as the growth of network capacity resulti...

Primarily, this comment first focuses on a critical review of a geometric channel model and incorrect formulas presented by M. Riaz, M. M. Khan, and Z. Ullah. The adopted solution is a simplified case of a model that has already presented in a literature. Next, we give a proposal to improve the analyzed problem and expected results for this model.

Streszczenie: SDF jest metodą lokalizacji bazującą na efek-cie Dopplera, która pozwala na estymację położenia źródła sygnału przez poruszający się odbiornik. W artykule przed-stawiono programową implementację metody SDF z wyko-rzystaniem platformy radia programowalnego USRP B200mini. Wykonana aplikacja w środowisku LabVIEW pozwala na współpracę z U...

The article describes a comprehensive methodology of measuring the shielding effectiveness of shielding enclosures using a selective measurement receiver and a signal generator. The article focuses only on the measurement of the shielding effectiveness for the electrical component of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. An original method is...

In fifth generation mobile telephony systems, especially within macro-cell base stations, the use of massive multiple-input-multiple-output technology is planned. These are multi-beam systems that are based on matrices or patches with a large number of antennas. Such systems will allow for the implementation of effective broadband beamforming and s...

In this paper, we present a simulation evaluation of spatial multiplexing of channels using a multi-beam antenna system for 60 GHz. In simulation studies, we use a multi-elliptical propagation model, which based on transmission characteristics of a channel. This model allows considering patterns and parameters of transmitting and receiving antennas...

In literature, path loss models for omnidirectional antennas are mainly used. This is a typical approach for microwaves and lower frequency bands. On the other hand, the attenuation of the received signal increases as the frequency increases. Therefore, in the case of millimeter waves, attenuation measurements based on the omnidirectional antennas...

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, development of microelectronics and microwave techniques allowed for minimization of electronic devices and systems, and the use of microwave frequency bands for modern radio communication systems. On the other hand, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) have contributed to the popularization of r...

In fifth generation systems, the use of multi-beam antenna systems gives the possibility of spatial separation of transmission channels. In this paper, the influence of the frequency co-channel beam directions of the antenna system on the powers ratio of the useful and the interference signal is presented. The changes of this ratio are shown both v...

In certain scenarios, especially in areas of armed conflict, the use of satellite navigation may be inaccurate or impossible. In such cases, it is desirable to use backup terrestrial navigation systems. In 2016, we proposed the concept of such a system dedicated to vessels. Its basis is a radio-beacon system deployed on lighthouses along the coast....

The use of satellite navigation may be insufficient to conduct search and rescue operations in mountain terrains using a helicopter. Variable weather conditions and poor visibility in fog or low clouds can prevent landing the helicopter in a place, wherefrom injured or missing people can take out. This paper presents the idea of an emergency mounta...

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac związanych z implementacją metody SDF (signal Doppler frequency) na platformie radia programowalnego USRP B200mini firmy Ettus Research. W implementacji wykorzystano środowiska programistyczne LabVIEW oraz MATLAB. Opracowana aplikacja pracuje na zewnętrznym komputerze połączonym z odbiornikiem USRP za...

Współczesne systemy komórkowe bazują na technologii LTE, czyli standardu czwartej generacji (4G). Obecnie trwają pracę nad zakończeniem standardu definiującego systemy piątej generacji (5G), które będą implementowane w najbliższych latach. Nowa generacja systemów dotyczy już nie tylko sieci komórkowych ale również innych systemów łączności bezprzew...

Development of spatial multiplexing techniques and co-channel operation of different wireless systems require a way to assess the mutual influence of emitted signals. This paper focuses on the signal level evaluation as a function of the path loss that depends on the parameters of a transmitting and receiving antenna in the multipath propagation co...

In the proposed chapter, the authors present a geometric-statistical propagation model that defines three groups of received signal components, i.e., direct path, delayed scattering, and local scattering components. The multi-elliptical propagation model, which represents the geometry of scatterer locations, is the basis for determining the delayed...

W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne aspekty zastosowania systemów łączności w obiektach infrastruktury specjalnej. W tym przypadku, skupiono się głównie analizie sposobów zapewnienia łączności pomiędzy schronami podziemnymi lub pomiędzy schronami i mobilnymi elementami ugrupowania wojsk własnych. W artykule skupiono się głównie na aspektach system...

Systemy piątej generacji (5G) będą bazowały na zakresach częstotliwości wykorzystywanych w obecnych systemy komórkowych i sieciach Wi-Fi oraz na wyższych zakresach częstotliwości. Wykorzystanie zakresów pasma milimetrowego pociąga jednak za sobą wzrost tłumienia sygnału. Z tego względu, w systemach 5G planuje się zastosowanie anten kierunkowych ora...

The use of directional antennas and beamforming in emerging fifth-generation systems forces the development of appropriate propagation models and computational methods that give the opportunity to be considered parameters and characteristics of such antennas/beams. This paper focuses on a simulation evaluation of a radio link capacity in which the...

Most methods of radio emission source localization are based on an estimation of received signal parameters. Evaluation of signal reception direction is used in a method called a direction of arrival (DOA). The DOA is one of the most commonly used location methods in wireless systems. Its important advantage is independence from knowledge of a time...

Fifth generation (5G) systems will be based on the frequency bands used by current cellular systems and WiFi networks, but also at higher frequency ranges. However, a signal attenuation increases as the frequency increases. Hence, directional antennas and beamforming will be used in the 5G systems. Therefore, the influence analysis of parameters of...