Jan Christopher Cwik

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Witten/Herdecke University · Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy

Open science practices are gaining increasing importance. However, applying open science practices in one's research can be challenging. And yet, it is becoming increasingly necessary to take a stance on this. To support our colleagues in clinical psychology to take a stance on open science practices and to motivate them to apply these practices in...

Anxiety disorders (AD) are associated with altered connectivity in large-scale intrinsic brain networks. It remains uncertain how much these signatures overlap across different phenotypes due to a lack of well-powered cross-disorder comparisons. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate differences in funct...

Background The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) is a structured diagnostic interview developed for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To ensure compliance with PTSD inclusion criteria, an initial study investigated the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the German version of CAPS-5 using data collected previ...

Anxiety disorders (AD) are associated with altered connectivity in large-scale intrinsic brain networks. The extent to which these signatures are shared across different phenotypes remains unclear, as well-powered transdiagnostic comparisons are still largely missing. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investiga...

Hintergrund: Eine detaillierte Exploration suizidalen und nicht-suizidalen selbstverletzenden Verhaltens mittels spezifischer Interviewverfahren kann die Risikoabschätzung in der klinischen Praxis und Forschung unterstützen. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die deutschsprachige Version des Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interviews (SASII) in...

Background: The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) is a structured diagnostic interview developed to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on the criteria of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A first study investigating the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Ge...

Background: Classification of acts of self-directed violence has been shown to be inadequate in past research. Furthermore, level of expertise have been shown to be unrelated to classification correctness. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether participants provided with a definition are more reliable in their judgment than pa...

Purpose: Psychosocial factors can negatively influence the ability to cope with cancer-specific therapy. To identify high-risk patients and to offer need-based care concerning social issues, valid, reliable and economic instruments are needed. The aim of this study is to develop an instrument assessing psychosocial support needs and to analyze its...

Background The investigation of patient-reported outcomes and psycho-oncological interventions mainly focuses on psychological distress or psychopathology. However, the recognition of the equal importance of positive mental health (PMH) has increased lately. The PMH-scale is a brief questionnaire allowing to assess well-being in individuals in the...

The number of studies on fear conditioning in children and adolescents has increased in recent years. Most of these studies exclusively focus on data of completers while dropout rates, reasons for dropout, and specific characteristics of non-completers are underreported. This study systematically investigated data of 283 children and adolescents be...

Background The annual incidence of new cancer cases has been increasing worldwide for many years, and is likely to continue to rise. In Germany, the number of new cancer cases is expected to increase by 20% until 2030. Half of all cancer patients experience significant emotional and psychosocial distress along the continuum of their disease, treatm...

Objective Clinical practice guidelines present expert consensus on the treatment of mental disorders. Yet, studies have shown that knowledge of and adherence to recommendations are moderate. The aim of the present study was to investigate, whether and to what extent psychotherapists are aware of and follow the German guideline recommendations for t...

Die Vereinbarkeit von Wissenschaft und Familie ist für Eltern im Allgemeinen und Frauen im Besonderen eine große Herausforderung. Tagungsteilnahmen sind wichtige Karrierebausteine und eine organisatorische Herausforderung für Eltern. In diesem Positionspapier wird ein Stimmungsbild zu familienfreundlicheren Kongressgestaltung in der Fachgruppe (FG)...

Background Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend pre...

Background: The investigation of patient-reported outcomes and psycho-oncological interventions mainly focuses on psychological distress or psychopathology. However, the recognition of the equal importance of positive mental health (PMH) has increased lately. The PMH-scale is a brief questionnaire allowing to assess well-being in individuals in the...

Background Positive affect and anhedonia are important but challenging targets for mental health treatments. Previous research indicates the potential of a computerised cognitive training paradigm involving generation of positive mental imagery, termed positive mental imagery training (PMIT), to increase positive affect and reduce anhedonia. Aims...

Purpose The World Health Organization Disability Assessent Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) assesses disability in individuals irrespective of their health condition. Previous studies validated the usefulness of the WHODAS 2.0 using classical test theory. This study is the first investigating the psychometric properties of the 12-items WHODAS 2.0 in patie...

Zusammenfassung. Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten ist in klinischen Kontexten sehr verbreitet. Während international diverse Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Suizidalität entwickelt und validiert wurden, gibt es nur wenige deutsche Messinstrumente. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die neu entwickelte Skala Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten (SSEV) i...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises persistent deficits in (1) social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, and (2) restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Due to these symptoms, ASD is associated with a significant impairment of quality of life. Identifying patients’ unique resources is crucial...

Background: Positive affect and anhedonia are important but challenging targets for mental health treatments. Previous research indicates the potential of a computerized cognitive training paradigm involving generation of positive mental imagery, here termed positive mental imagery training (PMIT), to increase positive affect and reduce anhedonia....

Background: Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend pr...

Introduction: Dysfunctional appraisals about traumatic events and their sequelae are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental studies have shown that a computerized cognitive training, cognitive bias modification for appraisals (CBM-APP), can modify dysfunctional appraisals and reduce analogue trauma symptoms amongst h...

This thesis focuses on misdiagnoses and diagnostic processes and methods in clinical psychology research and practice.

Purpose: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) assesses disability in individuals irrespective of their health condition. Previous studies validated the usefulness of the WHODAS 2.0 using classical test theory (CTT). This study is the first investigating the psychometric properties of the 12-items WHODAS 2.0...

Objective: A proportion of cancer patients develop depression and anxiety as a consequence of the cancer diagnosis. The common-sense model of self-regulation is a theoretical framework focusing on cognitive-emotional processes that can explain associations between cancer and depression and anxiety. Based on this model, we constructed the Cognitive-...

Objectives: Since individuals afflicted with cancer are at an elevated risk of dying by suicide, understanding suicide-related ideation and behaviours is critical in identifying vulnerable patients. The interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) provides a framework to research risk factors for suicide and has been validated in different samples. The a...

Background Experiencing a traumatic event can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not every traumatized person develops PTSD. Several protective and risk factors have been identified in civilians and veterans to explain why some individuals develop PTSD and others do not. However, no research has confirmed the relationship between em...

Background: The German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ) wasdeveloped to measure fearlessness of death and pain tolerance– two constructs central to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Initial scale development, definition of the factor structure and confirmation of the two-dimensional factor structure was performed in samples suffering...

BACKGROUND: The concept of acute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced as a diagnostic entity to improve the identification of traumatized people who are likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neuroanatomical models suggest that changes in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus play a role in the development of PTSD. METHO...

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy, psychometric properties, and clinical utility of the German version of the clinician-administered post-traumatic stress disorder scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) in routine clinical settings. Methods and analysis: This study is a non-interventional, multitrait-multimethod design...

Introduction International standards of care require the complete integration of psycho-oncological care into biomedical cancer treatment. The structured integrated, cross-sectoral psycho-oncological programme ‘isPO’ is aiming to ensure a provision of care in inpatient and outpatient settings according to a stepped-care approach. Up to now, psycho-...

Objectives Considering the heterogeneity of cancer entities and the associated disease progression, personalized care of patients is increasingly emphasized in psycho‐oncology. This individualization makes the use of measurements of individual clinically significant change important when studying the efficacy and effectiveness of psycho‐oncological...

Background: The present study aimed to validate the German version of the Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale (SDES). Methods: Validity and reliability were established in an online (N = 480), an outpatient (N = 277) and an inpatient sample (N = 296). Statistical analyses included confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and group differences in defeat...

Objective: Long-term follow-ups several years after receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are scarce and most of the existing literature describes follow-up data of randomized-controlled trials. Thus, very little is known about the long-term effects of CBT in routine care. Methods: We investigated psychological functioning in a sample of...

Intrusive re-experiencing is a hallmark symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to prominent models of intrusive phenomena, intrusive memories may result from impairments in the efficiency of working memory capacity (WMC), more specifically proactive interference control. Yet, experimental research is scarce. Therefore, the prese...

Dysfunctional appraisals play a key role in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study investigated a novel method to assess dysfunctional appraisals via an online study, in which participants (N = 93) were asked to specify a distressing, negative life event and were then presented with ambiguous, open-ended trauma-related scenarios. P...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous findings are inconsistent, possibly due to trauma exposure of controls or different hormone measurement methods. We investigated cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEA-S) in adults with clinical...

Autismus-Spektrums-Störungen (ASS) sind Störungen der neuronalen Entwicklung, die mit andauernden Defiziten in der sozialen Kommunikation und Interaktion sowie restriktiven, repetitiven Verhaltensweisen, Interessen oder Aktivitäten einhergehen. Diese Symptome können bei Betroffenen zu klinisch bedeutsamem Leiden führen, sodass sie sich psychotherap...

Zusammenfassung Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) sind Störungen der neuronalen Entwicklung, die mit andauernden Defiziten in der sozialen Kommunikation und Interaktion sowie restriktiven, repetitiven Verhaltensweisen, Interessen oder Aktivitäten einhergehen. Diese Symptome können bei Betroffenen zu klinisch bedeutsamem Leiden führen, sodass sie si...

Intrusive re-experiencing is a hallmark symptom of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to prominent models of intrusive phenomena, intrusive memories may result from impairments in the efficiency of working memory capacity (WMC), more specifically proactive interference control. Yet, experimental research is scarce. Therefore, the prese...

Background Enhancing the capacity to experience positive affect could help improve recovery across a range of areas of mental health. Experimental psychopathology research indicates that a computerized cognitive training paradigm involving generation of positive mental imagery can increase state positive affect, and more recent clinical studies hav...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. Research over the past years has investigated potential changes of these alterations in the context of psychotherapy. Yet, no systematic review has been conducted. To summarize the current state of research on psychotherapy...

Background Difficulties in emotion regulation have been related to psychological and physiological stress responses such as lower mood and lower parasympathetic activation (HF-HRV) under resting condition, but evidence on the potential link to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and to physiological stress responses during a s...

Introduction Influential theories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that dysfunctional appraisals of trauma play a key role in the maintenance of symptoms, and this suggestion is increasingly supported by research. Experimental studies have indicated that a simple computerised cognitive training procedure, here termed cognitive bias...

Dysfunctional appraisals are a key factor suggested to be involved in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Research has shown that experimental induction of a positive or negative appraisal style following a laboratory stressor affects analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms. This supports a causal role of appraisal in the development of traumat...

Eine Krebsdiagnose ist für Betroffene und ihre Angehörigen häufig mit wesentlichen Veränderungen der alltäglichen Lebensführung und damit einhergehenden psychischen Belastungen verbunden. Die psychoonkologische Versorgung hat das Ziel, der Belastung der Betroffenen und ihrer Angehörigen mit psychosozialen und psychotherapeutischen Mitteln entgegenz...

In diesem Kapitel informiert Sie über: - Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Simulationspatientinnen und Simulationspatienten als Lehrinstrument im Rahmen der klinisch-psychologischen Ausbildung als auch als methodisches Instrument für die klinisch-psychologische Forschung - Überblick über die bisher veröffentlichte Literatur zu diesen Teilgebieten der Kl...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterised by dysfunctional appraisals of the trauma and its consequences including one’s own symptoms. Experimental studies have shown that Cognitive Bias Modification—Appraisal (CBM-App) training can reduce dysfunctional interpretations and analog trauma symptoms. One important question is how to enhance...

Zusammenfassung Theoretischer Hintergrund Die Abklärung, ob eine psychische Störung bei Suizidanten vorgelegen hat, stellt im Rahmen der psychologischen Autopsie ein besonderes diagnostisches Problem dar und wird kontrovers diskutiert. Fragestellung Inwieweit stimmen patienten- und angehörigengenerierte DSM-5®-Diagnosen überein? Methode Mit 20 Pati...

The DIPS-OA is a structured clinical interview for diagnosing mental disorders. It is applicable for adults and assesses current and lifetime diagnoses according to DSM-5 and ICD-10. The DIPS-OA covers the mental disorders most commonly seen in clinical settings: • Anxiety Disorders • Bipolar and Related Disorders • Depressive Disorders • Obsessi...

The Mini-DIPS-OA is a short structured clinical interview for diagnosing mental disorders. The Mini-DIPS-OA is an abridged and reformatted version of the DIPS-OA allowing a fast yet reliable diagnosis. It is applicable for adults and assesses current and lifetime diagnoses according to DSM-5 and ICD-10. The Mini-DIPS-OA covers the mental disorders...

Background: The present study aimed at validating the German version of the Brief Reasons for Living inventory (BRFL). Methods: Validity and reliability were established in a community (n = 339) and a clinical sample (n = 272). Convergent and discriminant validity were investigated, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for the complete B...

Acute stress disorder (ASD) is predictive of the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In response to symptom provocation, the exposure to trauma-related pictures, ASD patients showed increased activation of the medial posterior areas of precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex as well as of superior prefrontal cortex in a previous s...

Межличностная теория суицида постулирует, что для тяжёлой попытки суицида или завершенного суицида суицидент должен обладать желанием умереть и способностью совершить самоубийство. Способность, пред- положительно, обретается со временем путем повторяющегося опыта болезненных и провокационных собы- тий. Цель настоящего исследования – изучить линейны...

Zusammenfassung. Psychische Störungen können über die ganze Lebensspanne auftreten. Strukturierte klinische Interviews sind zentrale Hilfsmittel für ihre rasche, zuverlässige und umfassende Diagnostik. Im deutschsprachigen Raum stehen mit den Verfahren der DIPS-Familie Interviews zur Diagnostik psychischer Störungen über die gesamte Lebensspanne zu...

Background: Inconsistent nomenclature and classification of suicidal behaviour have plagued the field of suicidology for a long time. Recently, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advocated for the usage of a specific classification system. Aim of the current study was to determine the extent of misdiagnosed acts of self-directed vi...

Funding information Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Despite the wide application and long history of diagnostic systems, several sources of diagnostic errors remain in the criterion-based diagnosing of mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presentational order of diagnosis-relevant information and pretreatment repor...

During the past 50 years, health insurance providers and national registers of mental health regularly report signi cant increases in the number of mental disorder diagnoses in children and adolescents. However, epidemiological studies show mixed e ects of time trends of prevalence of mental disorders. Overdiagnosis in clinical practice rather than...

Objectives: Our study aimed to validate a previously published scale assessing attitudes towards suicide. Factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, and predictive validity were investigated. Method: Adult German participants (N=503; mean age=24.74years; age range=18-67years) anonymously completed a set of questionnaires. An explora...

This study examines the utility of checklists in attaining more accurate diagnoses in the context of diagnostic decision-making for mental disorders. The study also aimed to replicate results from a meta-analysis indicating that there is no association between patients’ gender and misdiagnoses. To this end, 475 psychotherapists were asked to judge...

The interpersonal theory of suicide postulates that, for a serious suicide attempt or a suicide one has to possess a desire to die and the capability to die by suicide. The capability is proposed to be acquired over time by repeated experiences with painful and provocative events. Aim of the present study was to examine linear trends in two facets...

Inconsistent nomenclature and classi cation of suicidal behavior has plagued the eld of suicidology for a long time. Recently, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advocated for the usage of a speci c classi cation system. Aim of the current study was to determine the extent of misdiagnosed acts of self-directed violence – controllin...

Despite the diagnostic systems’ wide application and long histories, there remain several sources of bias in diagnosing mental disorders according to their criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-treatment reports and the presentational order of diagnosis-relevant information are associated with diagnostic biases. One hundred...

Die Akute Belastungsstörung (ASD) ist eine Traumafolgestörung, die durch Dissoziations-, Wiedererlebens-, Vermeidungs- und Übererregungssymptome innerhalb des ersten Monats nach einem traumatischen Ereignisses gekennzeichnet ist. Persistieren diese Symptome länger als einen Monat, spricht man von einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTSD). Fü...