Jamil Salmi

• Diego Portales University

Arribar a una comprensión precisa de las variedades de capitalismo académico requiere prestar atención al desarrollo de las bases de economía política de los sistemas nacionales y a la manera cómo ellas condicionan, e interactúan con, las dinámicas del campo organi- zacional y con las orientaciones y regulaciones de la gobernanza establecidas media...

During the past several decades, several “highly-resourced, accelerated research universities” have been established around the world to pursue—and achieve—academic and research excellence. These institutions are entirely new, not existing universities that were recongured. Accelerated Universities provides case studies of eight such universities a...

Since the 2007 London declaration, which defined the social dimension in the context of the Bologna process, European countries have worked to ensure that efforts to raise the quality of teaching and research would go hand-in-hand with raising opportunities for under-represented groups. This chapter explores various aspects of the social dimension...

Este estudio proporciona un panorama descriptivo de la composición del personal docente universitario chileno según jornadas laborales y género, número de instituciones en las que trabajan, sus niveles de formación y distribución regional; y explora los niveles de remuneraciones en función de las categorías de la carrera de los académicos chilenos...

India’s higher education and research sectors have been generallyunderfunded, especially in view of the tremendous growth in numbers ofstudents. Compared to the other BRIC countries, the percentage spent oneducation, 4.1 percent of GDP, is second to Brazil. This article explores the Indian higher education system with respect to its potential to cr...

India’s higher education and research sectors have been generallyunderfunded, especially in view of the tremendous growth in numbers ofstudents. Compared to the other BRIC countries, the percentage spent oneducation, 4.1 percent of GDP, is second to Brazil. This article explores the Indian higher education system with respect to its potential to cr...

The latest accoutrement of world-class universities, or those aspiring to world-class status, is an international advisory council (IAC). Heidelberg University, in Germany, has one headed by a former Oxford vice chancellor; the Higher School of Economics committee, in Moscow, is chaired by a Nobel Prize–winning American economist; and several promi...

p>This paper examines the impact of the path-breaking 2000 report entitled “Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise,” which called for scaling up investment in tertiary education and research as a key vehicle to equip developing countries with the knowledge and qualified manpower needed to fight poverty and accelerate economic g...

This paper discusses the emergence of international advisory councils (IACs) at universities around the world and introduces the concept of internationalization of governance. Global trends in the field of higher education, such as the quest to create world-class universities and advance in global rankings, the rise of new public management, and in...

p>In the era of global rankings, many governments want to make sure that their top universities are actually operating at the cutting edge of intellectual and scientific development. A major concern has therefore been to identify the most effective method for inducing substantial and rapid progress in a country’s top universities. In order to accel...

p class="Standard1">International advisory councils—committees of external experts that help universities discuss performance and suggest future direction—are increasingly common. This article discusses how these councils are organized, their roles and functions, and the contributions that they make to universities.</p

This chapter addresses the issue of Cross-Border Higher Education as a business (CBHE), describing its scope, presenting its economic dimensions, and discussing the main opportunities and threats arising from this growing phenomenon. To set the scope of CBHE, the chapter identifies the main forms of Cross-Border Higher Education activities, the typ...

p>Is there a secret to developing innovative universities? Is it possible to copy from the experiences of top universities such as MIT? This article argues that well-known factors such as adequate funding, good governance, meritocracy, academic freedom, and several others are central factors in building innovative and world class universities.</p

In view of the rapidly changing global context, this concluding chapter reviews the challenges facing science- and technology-based developments and cooperation in support of policies that can stimulate localized learning, innovation and endogenous development in Latin America. This broad question has motivated the entire work behind this book, whi...

Knowledge has become a fundamental component of economic and social development. The ability of a society to produce, select, adapt, commercialize, and use knowledge is critical for sustained economic growth and improved living standards (World Bank, 1999). In this context, tertiary education plays an essential role in building a strong human capit...

Since 1989, Romania has gone through over two decades of higher education reforms. While the student population had one of the biggest increases in Europe, from 192.810 students in 1990/1991 to 907.353 students in 2008/2009, it had dropped drastically to 464.592 students by 2012. If the situation has improved in terms of access of a higher number o...

International advisory committees are a new development globally. Some universities seeking to raise their profile and improve their performances have implemented committees of prominent academics and business people to provide advice. These committees need to be effectively organized if they are to have a useful impact.

Traditional, mortgage-type student loan schemes are vulnerable by design, as illustrated by the problems faced by the Chilean and Colombian agencies in recent years. Without an income-contingent provision, times of economic crisis are bound to create difficulties, as unemployment rises and incomes stagnate. This article documents the challenges enc...

Romania is an active player in various international higher education areas, while undergoing a series of higher education reforms within its national framework. The Higher Education Evidence Based Policy Making: a necessary premise for progress in Romania project was implemented by the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development a...

Higher education is at the heart of the national public agenda in a growing number of countries. Decision-makers need to consider more systematically the role of universities as instruments of economic development and social mobility, making it imperative important to ground higher education policies carefully on evidence about what works. Similarl...

It is not unusual, regardless of field or issue, for research done by academics not to make an impression or impact on global policy development. This challenge is particularly relevant in examining higher education as a sphere of international development policy. This chapter utilizes the experience of the World Bank to illustrate the links betwee...

While the share of the tertiary education age cohort (19-25) which is being given the opportunity to study has increased worldwide over the past two decades, this does not in fact translate into reduced inequality. For many young people, especially in the developing world, major obstacles such as disparities in terms of gender, minority population...

This study provides a descriptive overview of the composition of Chilean university faculty in terms of fulltime or part-time status, gender, number of institutions in which they work and level of training and regional distribution. It also explores the academic salaries of Chilean full time faculty in different hierarchies of the academic career c...

This is an analysis of excellence initiatives to boost the university sector implemented in the past fifteen years in different countries of the world. The authors describe the key features of such initiatives and the major factors of their success, which are: a) high proportion of talented professors and students in universities; b) abundant resou...

p> W hat chance does a university stand to be among the best, if it does not have hundreds of years of experience? The top 10 universities in the latest Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities ranking (2011) were all founded before 1900, and two are more than eight centuries old. As is the case with good wines, academic excellence requires...

For middle-income and developing countries as well as some industrial nations a major challenge for building and sustaining successful research universities is determining the mechanisms that allow those universities to participate effectively in the global knowledge network on an equal basis with the top academic institutions in the world. These r...

Launching a new tertiary education institution that aspires to attain the highest possible standards is a noble but extremely difficult enterprise. There are many commonly observable errors. The decision to build a world-class university must always be examined within the proper context to ensure full alignment with the national tertiary education...

The time when higher education was almost a proscribed subject at the World Bank is long past. Higher education is not only seen today as a crucial element in the Bank's development strategy, but the Bank's thinking and actions in this area have begun to influence a number of bilateral donors into reconsidering their own focus on basic education as...

In many parts of the world, schools, which are supposedly the main social venue for intellectual enrichment and value formation, are often places of suffering and distress, raising important questions about the relationship between violence and education. What are the different forms of violence that can be encountered in a schooling setting? How p...

SUMMARY The various undesirable approaches to research by foreign researchers in developing countries can be characterised as ‘turn-key’, ‘laboratory’, and ‘ivory tower’. In general, funding sources may dictate research objectives not relevant to the mass of the people. Desirable conditions include a code for sharing findings and information, and a...

In the past decade, accountability has become a major concern in most parts of the world. Governments, parliaments and the public are increasingly asking universities to justify the use of public resources and account more thoroughly for their teaching and research results. Is this a favourable development for tertiary education? Or is there too mu...

There are many important questions to ask about the widespread push toward world-class status for universities around the world. Why is 'world-class' the standard to which a nation should aspire to build at least a subset of its tertiary education system? Might many countries be better served by developing the most locally relevant system possible,...

Incl. abstract and bibl. references In recent years, many governments have granted increased institutional autonomy to public universities, often combined with increased accountability towards the State. At the same time, tertiary education institutions have been challenged to become more responsive to the needs of the market. This article examines...

The main objective of this article is to examine the role and usefulness of public information mechanisms, such as the rankings and similar classification instruments that are increasingly relied upon to measure and compare the performance of tertiary education institutions. The article begins with a typology of ranking instruments used for public...

Cet article porte sur le role et l’utilite des classements d’etablissements d’enseignement superieur, qui sont de plus en plus utilises pour mesurer et comparer les resultats des universites. Nous presenterons dans un premier temps une vue d’ensemble ainsi qu’une typologie de ces palmares et analyserons par la suite les controverses qu’ils susciten...

On October 21, 1989, the Berlin wall fell, announcing the collapse of the Soviet empire and the demise of 20th century socialism. In a much celebrated article published the same year, a senior official of the U.S. Department of State, Francis Fukuyama, announced the “end of history,” celebrating “the unabashed victory of economic and political libe...

Peer Reviewed

Peer Reviewed

Incl. bibl., abstract This article examines the role and usefulness of league tables that are increasingly used to measure and compare the performance of tertiary education institutions. The article begins with a general overview and a typology of league tables. It continues with a discussion of the controversies they have generated, including the...

The principal set of challenges facing tertiary education today is that set which links it to the construction of knowledge societies. Governments, the private sector, and the World Bank have specific tasks to perform in meeting these challenges. Countries--depending upon whether or not they are transition economies, low-income countries, or small...

Bibliogr.

Incl. abstract, bibl. Examines new challenges characterizing the environment in which higher education institutions operate and compete. Explores concrete implications of these challenges in terms of changing institutional forms and new ways of delivering higher education programs, looking at promising trends and experiences in countries and instit...

Haiti, the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere, has a unique education system. The overwhelming majority of children are enrolled in private schools. In the absence of a functioning system of public schools, religious communities and private operators have become the main providers of educational services. This situation raises the question of...

Incl. bibl., abstract. Haiti, the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere, has a unique education system.The overwhelming majority of children are enrolled in private schools. In the absence of a functioning system of public schools, religious communities and private operators have become the main providers of educational services. This situation...

Rapid transformations are taking place in tertiary education systems and institutions all over the world. This document examines ongoing trends, innovations, initiatives and reforms in the context of the wider challenges facing higher education at the beginning of the 21 st century. It starts by assessing the impact of three key phenomena—globaliza...

Incl. bibliographical references, index

Uganda's Makerere University and the University of Dakar in Senegal were for many years after independence among Africa's premier universities. Today, their facilities have visibly deteriorated and the quality of instruction the institutions provide is seriously threatened — the consequence of political and economic turmoil combined with persistent...

This paper looks at the current higher education crisis in developing countries and discusses how problems are analyzed and decisions made in the context of higher education reform. It focuses in particular on discrepancies between objectives and achievements in an attempt to highlight the importance of risk analysis in strategic planning for highe...

Although Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco have followed substantially different development strategies, they exhibit similar signs of crisis in vocational education. An integrated approach to planning that acknowledges social, financial, technological, and economic constraints could help coordinate general and vocational education and specialized traini...

Incl. summary

Examines developments in vocational and technical education systems in Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco. Argues each system faces critical problems resulting from demographic pressures, educational demand, lack of funding, and job placement difficulties. Recommends programs should reflect industry's needs, urging integration between general and vocation...

The prevailing language situation in Morocco is quite complex due to the presence and interference of three Berber dialects, three variant forms of colloquial Arabic, two foreign languages (French and Spanish) and one national language, classical Arabic. This article seeks to examine the educational implications of this multilingualism. For this pu...

Cet article porte sur le rôle et l’utilité des classements d’établissements d’enseignement supérieur, qui sont de plus en plus utilisés pour mesurer et comparer les résultats des universités. Nous présenterons dans un premier temps une vue d’ensemble ainsi qu’une typologie de ces palmarès et analyserons par la suite les controverses qu’ils susciten...

El presente artículo resume un estudio reciente del Banco Mundial que examina el modo en que Brasil puede mejorar su competitividad en la economía global fortaleciendo la innovación. El estudio, basado en trabajos de campo realizados en 2006/2007, concluyó que Brasil no ha aprovechado suficientemente el conocimiento que puede adquirirse del extranj...

BLDSC reference no.: D47038/83. Thesis (doctoral)--University of Sussex, 1981.

Incl. abstract

The article is a preliminary working document designed to guide future World Bank lending for the higher education sub-sector. Incl. bibl.