Jamie S M Pringle

• PhD
• Managing Director at Boardman Performance Centre

PurposeElite endurance runners frequently utilise live high-train high (LHTH) altitude training to improve endurance performance at sea level (SL). Individual variability in response to the hypoxic exposure have resulted in contradictory findings. In the present case study, changes in total haemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and physiological capacity, in...

We examined the effect of completing the final interval training session during a taper at either (i) race pace (RP) or (ii) faster than RP on 1500-m running performance and neuromuscular performance. Ten trained runners (age, 21.7 ± 3.0 years; height, 182.9 ± 7.0 cm; body mass, 73.4 ± 6.8 kg; and personal best 1500-m time, 4:17.5 ± 0:26.9 min) com...

This study sought to establish perceptions of elite endurance athletes on the role and worth of altitude training. Elite British endurance runners were surveyed to identify the altitude and hypoxic training methods utilised, along with reasons for use, and any situational, cultural and behaviour factors influencing these. Prior to the 2012 Olympics...

This study aimed to establish the effect of cycling mode and cadence on torque, external power output, and lower limb muscle activation during maximal, recumbent, isokinetic cycling. After familiarisation, twelve healthy males completed 6 × 10 s of maximal eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) cycling at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 rpm with five mi...

BACKGROUND Isokinetic eccentric cycling is increasingly being utilised to examine the effect of chronic eccentric muscle training however little is known about how individuals familiarise to such a unique training modality. OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinal variation in power output and lower limb muscle activation during familiarisation to maxima...

Purpose: The effects of low-volume interval and continuous 'all-out' cycling, matched for total exercise duration, on mitochondrial and angiogenic cell signalling was investigated in trained individuals. Methods: In a repeated measures design, 8 trained males ([Formula: see text], 57 ± 7 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) performed two cycling exercise protocol...

Erythropoietin (EPO) rapidly decreases on return to sea level (SL) after chronic altitude exposure. Acute hypoxia may provide an additional stimulus to prevent the decline in EPO. Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) have been shown to inhibit EPO production. Optimal normobaric hypoxic exposure has...

A new Radiometer™ hemoximeter (ABL-80) has recently become available to measure carboxyhaemoglobin concentration for the optimized CO-rebreathing method (oCOR-method). Within the English Institute of Sport (EIS), hemoximeters are used in three different laboratories; therefore, precision and agreement of total haemoglobin mass (tHbmass) determinati...

The optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method (oCOR-method) is routinely used to measure total haemoglobin mass (tHbmass). The tHbmass measure is subject to a test-retest typical error of ∼2%, mostly from the precision of carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) measurement. We hypothesized that tHbmass would be robust to differences in the bolus of CO ad...

Purpose: This study examined parameters derived from both an incremental step-wise and a ramp-wise graded rowing exercise test in relation to rowing performance. Methods: Discontinuous step-wise incremental rowing to exhaustion established lactate threshold (LT), maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2maxSTEP)), and power associated with VO(2max) (W VO...

Prior high-intensity exercise increases the oxidative energy contribution to subsequent exercise and may enhance exercise tolerance. The potential impact of a high-intensity warm-up on competitive performance, however, has not been investigated. To test the hypothesis that a high-intensity warm-up would speed VO2 kinetics and enhance 800-m running...

Prior high-intensity exercise increases the oxidative energy contribution to subsequent exercise and may enhance exercise tolerance. The potential impact of a high-intensity warm-up on competitive performance, however, has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that a high-intensity warm-up would speed VO2 kinetics and enhance 800-m...

This case study observed the training delivered by a 1500-m runner and the physiological and performance change during a 2-y period. A male international 1500-m runner (personal best 3:38.9 min:s, age 26 y, height 1.86 m, body mass 76 kg) completed 6 laboratory tests and 14 monitored training sessions, during 2 training years. Training distribution...

Altitude training is commonly used by endurance athletes and coaches in pursuit of enhancement of performance on return to sea level. The purpose of the current review article was to update and evaluate recent literature relevant to the practical application of altitude training for endurance athletes. Consequently, the literature can be considered...

The present study examined the use of the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) as an exercise training stimulus in moderately trained runners. Fourteen healthy individuals (12 male, 2 female; age 25 +/- 6 years, height 1.76 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 76 +/- 8 kg mean +/- SD) took part in the study. Following determination of the lactate threshold (LT), V...

The purpose of this study was to establish the validity of a 90-s all-out test for the estimation of maximal oxygen uptake (V.O (2max)) and submaximal aerobic ability as represented by critical power. We hypothesized that the fall in power output by the end of the 90-s all-out test (end power) would represent the exhaustion of anaerobic work capabi...

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the power output profile obtained from a 90 s all-out isokinetic cycling test. Within a 10 day period, 16 participants (-x+/-s: age 30.1+/-6.4 years; body mass 69.2+/-10.6 kg) performed an incremental VO2 max ramp test and two 90 s all-out efforts on an isokinetic cycle ergometer. Peak power (...

The curvature of the power–time (P–t) relationship (W′) has been suggested to be constant when exercising above critical power (CP) and to represent the anaerobic work capacity (AWC). The aim of this study was to compare W′ to (1) the total amount of work performed above CP (W 90s′) and (2) the AWC, both determined from a 90s all-out fixed cadence...

Accurate classification of VO2 kinetics is essential to correctly interpret its control mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to examine VO2 kinetics in severe and supra-maximal intensity running exercise using two modelling techniques. Nine subjects (mean +/- S.D: age, 27 +/- 7 years; mass, 69.8 +/- 9.0 kg; VO2max, 59.1 +/- 1.8 mL x kg x min(-...

The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether the intensity of prior exercise altered the time to exhaustion at critical power (CP). Eleven participants volunteered to take part in the study (mean +/- SD: VO2max 4.1 +/- 0.5 L x min(-1); age 30.1 +/- 7.2 yr; body mass 74.6 +/- 9.1 kg) and completed three trials to exhaustion at their CP unde...

To test the hypothesis that muscle fiber recruitment patterns influence the oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetic response, constant-load exercise was performed after glycogen depletion of specific fiber pools. After validation of protocols for the selective depletion of Type I and II muscle fibers, 19 subjects performed square-wave exercise at 80% VT (moder...

We hypothesised that the ratio between the increase in oxygen uptake and the increase in work rate (ΔV̇O2/ΔWR) during ramp cycle exercise would be significantly related to the percentage type II muscle fibres at work rates above the gas exchange threshold (GET) where type II fibres are presumed to be active. We further hypothesised that ramp exerci...

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that muscle fibre type influences the oxygen uptake (.VO(2)) on-kinetic response (primary time constant; primary and slow component amplitudes) during moderate, heavy and severe intensity sub-maximal cycle exercise. Fourteen subjects [10 males, mean (SD) age 25 (4) years; mass 72.6 (3.9) k...

We hypothesized that a higher pedal rate (assumed to result in a greater proportional contribution of type II motor units) would be associated with an increased amplitude of the O(2) uptake (Vo(2)) slow component during heavy-cycle exercise. Ten subjects (mean +/- SD, age 26 +/- 4 yr, body mass 71.5 +/- 7.9 kg) completed a series of square-wave tra...

We hypothesised that: (1) the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), critical power (CP) and electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMG(FT)) occur at the same power output in cycling exercise, and (2) exercise above the power output at MLSS (P-MLSS) results in continued increases in oxygen uptake (VO(2)), blood lactate concentration ([La]) and integrat...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of increasing the ratio of concentric to eccentric muscle activation on oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics during treadmill running. Nine subjects [2 women; mean (SD) age 29 (7) years, height 1.77 (0.07) m, body mass 73.0 (7.5) kg] completed incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion at 0% and 10% gradient...

Thesis (Ph.D.)

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of oral creatine (Cr) supplementation on pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics during moderate [below ventilatory threshold (VT)] and heavy (above VT) submaximal cycle exercise. Nine subjects (7 men; means +/- SD: age 28 +/- 3 yr, body mass 73.2 +/- 5.6 kg, maximal VO(2) 46.4 +/- 8.0 ml. kg(-1). m...

The purpose of the present study was to examine comprehensively the kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2) during treadmill running across the moderate, heavy and severe exercise intensity domains. Nine subjects [mean (SD age, 27 (7) years; mass, 69.8 (9.0) kg; maximum VO2, VO2max, 4,137 (697) ml x min(-1)] performed a series of "square-wave" rest-to-exer...

There is substantial inter-individual variability in the oxygen cost ([VO.sub.2]) of running at submaximal speeds, even in groups of individuals with similar ability (Conley and Krahenbuhl, 1980: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12, 357-360). A lower [VO.sub.2] for running at a given submaximal running speed -- that is, a better running...