Jamidu Katima

Kampala International University in Tanzzania (KIUT)

This article describes the numbers and species of birds found in one year in wastewater sewage treatment ponds in Morogoro, Tanzania, and our finding that these ponds are a dry season refuge for many birds. More birds in numbers and species were found in the dry season.

A study was conducted to establish the potential of constructed wetlands in Morogoro Urban District, Tanzania, to remove helminths from wastewater. The standard wastewater treatment regime was failing to effect reliable removal of helminth eggs and larvae from six wastewater stabilization ponds. An alternative wastewater treatment regime for the po...

This study intends to investigate the performance of these systems and mechanisms regarding pathogen removal. It is also geared towards understanding the removal process and their contribution to the total performance and developing a mathematical model that considers all main factors of the removal process of pathogens.

The case of use of mixed fly ash and bottom ash from the Byker waste incinerator (WI) for paving footpaths between allotments in Newcastle, UK between 1994 and 1999 led to serious contamination of free range poultry by PCDD/Fs1,2. It also raised awareness about use of WI residues contaminated by PCDD/Fs. Similar cases of “Kieselrot” in Germany led...

Municipal and domestic wastewater contains various pathogenic microorganisms which, depending on their concentration pose a risk to human health. Therefore their presence must be reduced or eliminated before treated wastewater is reused or released into the environment. Studies conducted by researchers suggest that treatment wetlands are the best s...

The effect of reaction temperature, time and pH on the maximum total sugar concentration during thermal-acid hydrolysis of sisal boles juice was investigated. The Minitab software (V. 17) was used to design a 2n full factorial design for sisal juice hydrolysis and analyse the effects of the variables on the response. Thermal-acid hydrolysis can be...

Biobased biodegradable plastics (bioplastics) show a large range of properties which can compete with non-biodegradable thermoplastics in packaging, textile and biomedical applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising bioplastics, which are synthesized by polymerization of Lactic Acid (LA). Traditionally LA is produced from pure...

The use of different concentrations of sugar from sisal boles juice for production of Lactic acid (LA) using Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) has been studied with the intention of analysing the effect of initial sugar concentration, process temperature and initial medium pH on the produced lactic acid concentration, yield and productivity. All the linea...

The aim of this paper was separation and purification of Lactic acid (LA) produced from Sisal Waste by investigating the influence of modified hybrid short path evaporation (M-HSPE) system on the concentration of LA. A 22 full factorial design was used to study the influence of temperature and time on the concentration of LA and % mass obtained in...

Agroprocessing constitutes sizeable industries in the Eastern Africa region discharging wastes into the environment. Proper management of industrial waste is perceived as expensive and enforcement of laws is weak. Generally, there is low awareness of environmental and socio-economic consequences of polluting the environment. The Banana Investment L...

This research project was designed to demonstrate that wastewater that has been adequately treated in constructed wetland system can be safely used in irrigation of crops and in fish farming. The general objective of this research project was to improve the productivity of urban / peri-urban agriculture by making use or recycling of wastewater trea...

This is the final report and the first data of our MORUWASA project, exploring constructed wetlands, receiving effluent from nearby wastewater treatment ponds.

The rural community still lacks access to clean, cost effective and sustainable form of energy that is needed to power their socioeconomic activities, particularly for agriculture, water supply and food processing. Understanding that energy has a close link with poverty reduction, economic growth and sustainable development, a study on the process...

A convenient solvent-free technique was employed in the functionalization of Micelle-Templated Silica using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (MTS-CNSL) as a template and magnesium nitrate as a precursor salt. Magnesium oxide species was highly dispersed in MTS-CNSL by manually grinding the precursor salt and the as-synthesized mesoporous silica followed by...

Tanzania being a prospective producer and exporter of liquid biofuels, information on local contribution of this sector to the environmental burden of the country is highly required in order to ensure sustainable liquid biofuels. Therefore, this paper evaluates a life cycle carbon footprint (or greenhouse (GHG) gas emissions) of liquid biofuels (bi...

Techno-economic analysis of a small-scale Modified Plant Oil (MPO) production plant that has an annual production capacity of 15,072,741 kg of MPO (batch process) was carried out to estimate the capital and operating costs of a plant. The analysis was done by using a computer model that was designed and simulated with an aid of SuperPro Designer (V...

This paper evaluates GHG emissions and energy balances (i.e. net energy value (NEV), net renewable energy value (NREV) and net energy ratio (NER)) of jatropha biodiesel as an alternative fuel in Tanzania by using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The functional unit (FU) was defined as 1 tonne (t) of combusted jatropha biodiesel. The findings o...

Bioconversion of wood residues to biofuels such as ethanol is one of the feasible initiatives towards production of renewable energy. This work compares the effectiveness of Escherichia coli KO11 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 in fermenting Pinus patula (pine) hydrolysate pretreated by acid-catalyzed steam explosion. The results show no si...

The study explores the production of reducing sugars from Pinus patula wood residual chips based on steam pretreatment technology. The severity of the steam pretreatment was altered by using two levels of temperature and time and three levels of sulphur dioxide impregnation. The results show that the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis depends on th...

The effect of mass transfer on the removal rate constants of BOD5, NH3, NO3 and TKN has been investigated in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (HSSFCW) planted with Phragmites mauritianus. The plug flow model was assumed and the inlet and outlet concentrations were used to determine the observed removal rate constants. Mass transfer...

The present work is focused on the performance of three types of coal-oil agglomerates on recovery of liberated gold from gold bearing materials. Pre-formed agglomerates developed using bio-diesel, castor oil and mineral diesel as liquid hydrophobic phases were used in the study. The influence of the type of liquid hydrophobic phase on the degree o...

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of initial maleic acid feed concentration (0.005 to 0.03 M) was carried out in a temperature range of 20-50 degrees Celsius, on micelle templated silica-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (MTS-AMP) supported copper catalyst. The influence of various operating parameters such as initial feed concentration of maleic...

Executive Summary The inventory of air pollutants for the different sectors in Tanzania for the year 2000 was done based on the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) manual. This inventory covered non green house gases, namely sulphur oxide, non-volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and particulate mater (PM 10 and...

This work aims at describing quantitatively the catalytic decarboxylation of malonic acid over a 5.0 wt.% Pt/graphite catalyst. The study was carried out using a slurry phase continuous flow stirred slurry reactor (CSTR) at a temperature range of 120–160 °C and at a reactor pressure of 1.8 MPa. The conversion of malonic acid during catalytic oxidat...

Catalytic activity of platinum catalysts such as Pt/graphite, Pt/TiO2, Pt/Al2O3, and Pt/active carbon was studied using a slurry phase CSTR. Three model reactions, namely, phenol, maleic acid, and malonic acid oxidation were investigated in the temperature range from 120 to 170 C and at a total reactor pressure of 1.7MPa. Platinum on graphite was f...

As a part of a comprehensive evaluation of post-treatment techniques for upgrading waste stabilization pond (WSP) effluents, coupled dynamic roughing filters (DyRF) and subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland system (HSSFCW) system was evaluated in Tanzania. Coupled DyRF and HSSFCW were considered as cheaper and yet effective and appropriate...

This paper presents the effect of substrate concentration on the growth of a mixed culture of algae and heterotrophic bacteria in secondary facultative ponds (SFPs) utilizing settled domestic sewage as a sole source of organic carbon. The growth of the mixed culture was studied at the concentrations ranging between 200 and 800 mg COD/l in a series...

The catalytic wet oxidation of phenol was studied in a slurry phase continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using platinum on graphite support as a catalyst. The investigation was carried out in the temperature range 120–180 °C and at total pressure of 1.8 MPa, while the phenol feed concentration was varied between 5 and 70 mol/m3, and oxygen partia...

The catalytic performance of graphite supported platinum (5 wt.%) catalyst in liquid phase oxidation has been studied using a continuous flow stirred tank slurry reactor (CSTR) in order to determine the proper operation window. The study was carried out in a temperature range of 120–180 °C and in a total pressure range of 1.5–2.0 MPa. Other operati...

Laboratory and fieldwork studies were carried out to evaluate the potential of pumice soil for use as a wetland substrate in wastewater treatment. The composition of pumice soil was analysed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Adsorption kinetic studies were carried out in a semi-batch recycle system. Fieldwork tests...

Tanzania, like many other developing countries, is keen to attract foreign investments to foster the country's socioeconomic development. However, the competition among developing countries to attract foreign investment preference has in many cases sacrificed policies geared towards sustainable development for short-term economic gains. With the in...

This paper presents a dynamic rational model for nitrogen transformation in primary facultative ponds. The results show that, the dominant mechanism for nitrogen removal was sedimentation of organic nitrogen (9.7%). The major nitrogen transformation route was through mineralization (19.2%) followed by ammonia uptake by microorganisms (17.4%) and ni...

Diurnal fluctuations of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), water, air temperature and sunlight intensity were investigated in the waste stabilization ponds at the University of Dar es Salaam. The variation of these parameters followed the diurnal pattern of light intensity. The rate of oxygen production based on first order linear regression analysis was b...

Biomass allometric equations for Pinus patula and Eucalyptus saligna tree species and tested predictions were developed from previously published equations. The aim was to develop models to predict the biomass (carbon) that can be stored in plantations at Kilombero Forests Ltd. (KFL). The results show that there is a strong correlation between the...

The dissolved oxygen sub model was developed in order to depict the combined influence of light, pH, temperature and carbon dioxide on the processes of dissolved oxygen (DO) production and utilization in secondary facultative waste stabilization ponds (SFWSP). The model was formulated based on Chen and Orlob (Chen, C.W., Orlob, G.T., 1975. In: Patt...

Government and regulatory agency decisions made with the involvement of civil society are much more likely to be put into practice successfully.i Experience shows that it is very difficult to manage or mitigate the impacts of chemicals and hazardous waste without the ability to communicate effectively and equitably involve all those concerned with...

Climate change and the associated global warming are a major challenge in the world today: extreme weather events such as flood and droughts; food insecurity and famine; disease etc. are reported to be exacerbated by the climate change. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is considered to be responsible for this change. On one hand, it is believed that t...