James Repace

Repace Associates, Inc.

We estimated the impact of a smoke-free workplace bylaw on non-smoking bar workers' health in Ontario, Canada. We measured bar workers' urine cotinine before (n = 99) and after (n = 91) a 2004 smoke-free workplace bylaw. Using pharmacokinetic and epidemiological models, we estimated workers' fine-particle (PM 2.5) air pollution exposure and mortali...

Smoking bans often exempt casinos, exposing occupants to fine particles (PM(2.5)) from secondhand smoke. We quantified the relative contributions to PM(2.5) from both secondhand smoke and infiltrating outdoor sources in US casinos. We measured real-time PM(2.5), particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (as an...

How do the concentrations of indoor air pollutants known to increase risk of respiratory disease, cancer, heart disease, and stroke change after a smoke-free workplace law? Real-time measurements were made of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in a casino, six bars, and a pool hall befor...

This is an unusual case. Secondhand marijuana smoke outdoors enveloping a single family home and sickening the occupants.

This is the fourth in a series of secondhand marijuana smoke cases where residents of a row house have several pot-smoking neighbors whose smoke infiltrates into their home, sickening them. It will go to trial in Fall 2022. So in addition to tobacco smoke, legalization of marijuana has led to a new public health problem. There is no doubt that mari...

This is a slide show which is an illustrated precis of my book, Enemy #1... The book is available on Amazon Books as a Ebook, Kindle, or Paperback.

Indoor Air Pollution from Marijuana Smoking infiltrating into nonsmokers' units in multi-unit housing.

This presentation discusses the risk to casino workers' health from secondhand smoke in casinos. Indian Casinos are on sovereign tribal territory and cannot be regulated by the state. However the state is not without influence, as there are quid-pro-quos between the state and the tribe. it is primarily an issue of occupational health vs perceived i...

Client's injury due to infiltration of toxic volatile organic compounds from a neighboring apartment in a multi-unit building. Initial infiltration was from tobacco smoke, which was followed by unknown burned substance plus toxic masking agent, resulting in induction of multiple chemical sensitivity. This case was settled in December 2021 to the cl...

Heavy sustained secondhand smoke exposure of a child from parental smoking from birth to age 18, resulting in COPD and osteopenia with fractures in adult life. A modeling exercise to estimate the subject's exposure, which appeared to be beyond the "Significant Harm" level for fine particulate matter constantly.

Technical Report in Support of McMaster University Campus-wide Smoking Ban

This is a workers' compensation case involving a maid who cleaned rooms in which there was active smoking for two decades. She contracted lung cancer from passive smoking, Stage Iv. This is an expert report in support of her workers compensation claim.

Letter To The Editor on Vaping Company

ENEMY No.1 describes the rise of the nonsmokers’ rights movement in the 1970’s, the struggle for clean indoor air laws and the tobacco industry’s underhanded efforts to thwart these laws for many years. It is written from the unique perspective of a scientist whose research helped underpin the movement, leading to a decades-long battle with Big Tob...

Testimony in opposition to a proposed cigar bar in the MGM Casino in Prince Georges County Maryland, USA. We were notified on 28 Jan 2019 that the application was withdrawn. Smoking is prohibited in public places in Maryland. I concluded that: Conclusions: 1. The concentration of secondhand smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a federallyregula...

The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and, more recently, the new “heat-not-burn” tobacco products (iQOS) as alternatives to traditional tobacco cigarettes has necessitated further documentation of and research into the composition and potential health risks/benefits of these devices. In a recent study, we compared secon...

E-cigarettes are devices that emit fine particle air pollution, toxic nicotine, as well as other toxic volatile organic compounds and cancer-causing metals when puffed. These chemicals pollute the air from the exhaled breath of E-cig users. Thus, the unrestricted use of E-cigs in workplaces such as restaurants, bars, casinos, and offices, pollutes...

Google Scholar Citations Latest Update

Most casinos owned by sovereign American Indian nations allow smoking, even in U.S. states such as California where state laws restrict workplace smoking. Collaborations between casinos and public health workers are needed to promote smoke-free policies that protect workers and patrons from secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and risks. Over se...

Background: HUD's proposed rule would require public housing agencies (PHAs) to prohibit lit tobacco products in all living units, indoor common areas in public housing, and in PHA administrative office buildings (in brief, a smoke-free policy for all public housing indoor areas). The smoke-free policy extends to all outdoor areas within 25 feet fr...

Real-time particle monitors are essential for accurately estimating exposure to fine particles indoors. However, many such monitors tend to be prohibitively expensive for some applications, such as a tenant or homeowner curious about the quality of the air in their home. A lower cost version (the Dylos Air Quality Monitor) has recently been introdu...

Measurements of PM2.5 in a Los Angeles Poker Casino in an allegedly "outdoor patio" that is in reality an enclosed building showed that the mean Area PM2.5 in the Smoking Room is ~50 times Outdoors. Dealers are especially at risk: the Blackjack Table PM2.5 is at the 97th Percentile measured for 66 Casinos that allow smoking. The 24-Hour Ave. PM2.5...

In recognition of outstanding contributions in exposure analysis research that helped shape a national or state policy or that provided new approaches for reduction or prevention of exposures.

I analyzed data measured by the tobacco industry for the Massachusetts Department Hcalth in 1999 for 12 brand styles said to be representative of the Massachusetts marketplace in 1998, and adequate to characterize sidestream emissions. The results show that Sidestream Smoke (SS) TSP, Nicotine, and CO all vary linearly with the mass of tobacco burne...

Honorable members of the National Assembly, my name is James Repace. I am a physicist. I served 19 years as a senior air policy analyst for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, DC. Now retired, I do consulting on indoor and outdoor air pollution from secondhand smoke. I have published 56 peer-reviewed research papers on the hazar...

Objectives To assess the effect of Michigan's smoke-free air (SFA) law on the air quality inside selected restaurants and casinos. The hypothesis of the study: if the SFA law is effectively implemented in restaurants and casinos, there will be a significant reduction in the particulate matter PM2.5 measured in the same establishments after the law...

ABSTRACT: IN 2010, the Inni á Gota Homeowners' Association in Hoyvík, Faroe Islands, Denmark, commissioned me to undertake a risk assessment of the air quality impact of a proposed power plant 80 meters distant from the nearest homes on a nearby hilltop overlooking the sea. I concluded that the acid gases and fine particle air pollution emitted by...

Excerpts from the published work of J.L. Repace and colleagues with emphasis on secondhand smoke on airlines and efforts to promote smoke-free environments. Presented as a poster at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute, Miami, Florida, May 23-25, 2016

In response to a complaint by workers in Bally’s Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Trout and Decker (1995) conducted a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation, measuring workers’ plasma and urine cotinine and both area and personal breathing zone nicotine as well as area RSP. Trout et al. (1998) subsequently published a summary of this data in JOEM, omit...

and lifelong nonsmoker, died prematurely from lung cancer at 40 years of age. For a decade of his 14-year employment by the Norfolk Southern Railway, he suffered week-long overnight exposure to secondhand smoke, a known human carcinogen, in company-owned bunk-trailers in its work-camps throughout the South. Despite his repeated complaints, he was f...

We investigated nicotine levels associated with residents’ complaints of secondhand smoke infiltration in multi-unit housing and the nature of those complaints. Using active (n=5) and passive (n=38) monitors, we measured nicotine in a volunteer sample of 43 nonsmokers’ apartments (condominiums, co-operatives, and rental units) whose residents had s...

In its regulatory impact analysis, Economists from the FDA and the White House's Office of Management and Budget published a study purporting to estimate the amount by which the health benefits of tobacco use reduction are offset by a loss of the pleasure of using such products. Assuming arguendo that there is “pleasure” to be derived from inhaling...

The 2006 Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance made an important contribution to the protection of many catering workers in their workplace. Levels of tobacco chemicals in smoke-free restaurants, indicated by fine particulates and urine cotinine levels, were reduced by up to 90% compared to the pre-ordinance period. However, exemptions from the Ordinan...

In an effort to counter this grave threat to its profits, the tobacco industry, armed with junk science and using high-priced legal and scientific mercenaries, attacked on a variety of fronts, targeting research, researchers, professional societies, public health officials, journalists, news organizations, and federal agencies in a campaign of infl...

A contribution to the exposure assessment of secondhand smoke (SHS) in outdoor microenvironments is made by measuring a class of carcinogenic compounds emitted during tobacco combustion, particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH). Using a personal exposure monitor for PPAH, measurements were made on a gasturbine- powered cruise ship underw...

The growing popularity of e-cigarettes among smokers has led to increased availability with a number of new manufacturers entering the market every year. Also, these devices are being used in spaces where smoking has been banned, leading to increased indoor air pollution despite reductions in building air exchange rates. The few extant studies of e...

Indoor sources can greatly contribute to personal exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 mm in diameter (PM 2.5). To accurately assess PM 2.5 mass emission factors and concentrations, real-time particle monitors must be calibrated for individual sources. Sixty-six experiments were conducted with a common, real-time laser photometer (TSI SideP...

The plaintiff, a nonsmoker, brought a suit against Greenbelt Homes, Inc., a company that is effectively a condominium association, and a neighbor who smokes. Schuman alleges that the smoker who lives in an adjoining townhouse is creating a private nuisance, affecting him in his unit. Plaintiff alleges that by late 2008, the levels of secondhand smo...

CASINO SMOKING CREATES SERIOUS AIR POLLUTION – ON AVERAGE 11 TIMES OUTDOORS (RANGE 4 TO 60 TIMES) •! NONSMOKING AREAS IN CASINOS ARE POLLUTED •! VENTILATION AND AIR CLEANING CANNOT CONTROL SECONDHAND SMOKE (SHS) IN CASINOS •! CASINO PATRONS ARE AT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED RISK OF HEART ATTACK FROM SHS AFTER 2 HOURS •! AN ESTIMATED 1200 CASINO WORKER...

Identifying and quantifying secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) that drifts between multiunit homes is critical for assessing exposure. Twenty-three different gaseous and particulate measurements were collected during controlled emissions from smoked cigarettes and six other common indoor source types in 60 single-room and 13 two-room experiments. We us...

h i g h l i g h t s < We monitored 5 multiunit homes with secondhand smoke (SHS) odor complaints. < We measured particle size, particle composition, and VOCs. < Logistic regression models correctly identified SHS in 8 smoke odor periods. < Chemical mass balance analysis produced estimates of SHS in 6 of the 8 periods. < Identification and quantific...

We estimate ambient air PM2.5 time series from US EPA outdoor air monitoring data. We estimate the time series for population exposure to PM2.5 from secondhand smoke using CDC cotinine data. using a pharmacokinetic model Our analysis suggests that: • PM2.5 ambient air concentrations nationwide decreased from ~16 μg/m3 by 38% to 10 μg/m3 over 20 yea...

The complex composition of secondhand smoke (SHS) provides a range of constituents that can be measured in environmental samples (air, dust and on surfaces) and therefore used to assess non-smokers' exposure to tobacco smoke. Monitoring SHS exposure (SHSe) in indoor environments provides useful information on the extent and consequences of SHSe, im...

This research used passive nicotine monitors to study secondhand smoke (SHS) infiltration. To date, the monitors have been deployed in 20 multi-family dwellings (MFDs) and 3 commercial businesses. The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the nature and commonality of the SHS complaints reported by participants, (2) to recommend goals for futu...

Smoking of Electronic Cigarettes on Aircraft Comments to: Office of the Secretary (OST), Department of Transportation (DOT). Re: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM). SUMMARY: The Department of Transportation is proposing to amend its existing airline smoking rule to explicitly ban the use of electronic cigarettes on all aircraft in scheduled passe...

The Department of Transportation is proposing to amend its existing airline smoking rule to explicitly ban the use of electronic cigarettes on all aircraft in scheduled passenger interstate, intrastate and foreign air transportation. The Department is taking this action because of the increased promotion of electronic cigarettes and the potential h...

This report summarizes the results and conclusions from 13 individual studies of air pollution in restaurants and casinos in 13 Michigan cities concerning the effectiveness of Michigan’s Dr. Ron Davis Smoke-free Law in reducing the exposure of Michigan citizens to secondhand smoke. The Michigan Department of Community Health, Tobacco Section, with...

Expert Report of James Repace, submitted to THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND, in Re: DAVID S. SCHUMAN, Plaintiff, vs. GREENBELT HOMES, INC., et al, Defendant, CIVIL ACTION LAW 10-06047. This case involves a dispute between the plaintiff, a nonsmoker, his smoking neighbor, and their Cooperative Homeowners’ Association in a case...

Expert Report of James Repace, submitted to THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND, in Re: DAVID S. SCHUMAN, Plaintiff, vs. GREENBELT HOMES, INC., et al, Defendant, CIVIL ACTION LAW 10-06047. This case involves a dispute between the plaintiff, a nonsmoker, his smoking neighbor, and their Cooperative Homeowners’ Association in a case...

The effects of workplace second-hand smoke (SHS) on lung function remain uncertain because of a lack of objective measures for SHS exposures. To determine whether an exposure-response association exists between lung function and two different markers of SHS based on indoor fine particulate (PM(2.5)) and urinary cotinine levels in non-smoking cateri...

We sought all published or unpublished final reports of indoor and outdoor measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for commercial and tribal casinos in the US. This yielded data for 91 smoking casinos and 3 smoke-free casinos in 7 States: California (Jiang et al. 2010), Nevada (Achutan et al., 2009; York and Lee, 2010; Repace et al., in pre...

Pennsylvania’s Clean Indoor Air Act restricts smoking in most public places for the protection of public health. However, the Legislature granted a “hardship” exception to the casino industry, which it exploited, allowing smoking on up to 50% of gaming floors. To evaluate the consequences of this exception, this study surveyed smoking prevalence an...

Smoke-free workplace legislation often exempts certain venues. Do smoking (exempted) and nonsmoking (nonexempted) catering premises' workers in Hong Kong report different perceptions of risk from and reactions to nearby smoking as well as actual exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS)? In a cross-sectional survey of 204 nonsmoking catering workers, thos...

This presentation describes a study of indoor air quality and exposures for a California casino

This is a child custody case where the nonsmoking father sued for child custody on the grounds that the child’s mother exposed her to high levels of secondhand smoke, causing the child to suffer repeated asthmatic attacks. The forensic challenge was to demonstrate this by way of cotinine testing. The testing revealed that the child’s cotinine level...

Despite California's 1994 statewide smoking ban, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) continues in California's Indian casinos. Few data are available on exposure to airborne fine particles (PM2.5) in casinos, especially on a statewide basis. We sought to measure PM2.5 concentrations in Indian casinos widely distributed across California, exploring d...

I assessed air pollution, ventilation, and nonsmokers' risk from secondhand smoke (SHS) in Pennsylvania casinos exempted from a statewide smoke-free workplace law. I measured respirable suspended particles (RSPs), particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs), and carbon dioxide inside and outside casinos; measured changes in patrons' urine...

This report investigates air quality indoors in Pennsylvania’s hospitality industry before and after the Pennsylvania Clean Indoor Air Act (CIAA) of 2008, in 8 Pennsylvania locations in Erie, Harrisburg, Mechanicsburg, Montgomery County, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton, State College, and Wilkes-Barre. Pre-CIAA respirable particulate (RSP) air p...

Some persons feel that although establishing smoke-free buildings is justified, establishing smoke-free areas outdoors is not. This paper discusses the toxicity of tobacco smoke, the factors determining its concentration, and argues that tobacco smoke in places where people live, work, or congregate, whether indoors or outdoors, poses a nuisance to...

The authors assessed the impacts of two different smoke-free laws on indoor air quality. They compared the indoor air quality of 10 hospitality venues in Lexington and Louisville, Kentucky, before and after the smoke-free laws went into effect. Real-time measurements of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm or smaller (PM2.5) w...

: Routine screening of flight attendants for passive-smoking-induced lung cancer using CT scans may cause 36 times as much lung cancer risk as the original aircraft cabin secondhand smoke exposure.

ABSTRACT: This was one of my most fascinating cases, both from a technical and sociological point of view. It illuminates the use of science in forensic applications, as well as the sociology of litigation. Right from the beginning, it was a technically challenging case: the plaintiff, an ex-smoker, had contracted bladder cancer while in jail. The...

Senator Handley, Representative Sayers, and Members of the Public Health Committee: 1. My name is James Repace. I am an international secondhand smoke consultant, and have been invited to testify as an expert witness in this hearing by the United Auto Workers, Region 9A. The Bill before you, "An Act Prohibiting Smoking in Regulated Areas of Casinos...

The authors assessed the impacts of two different smoke-free laws on indoor air quality. They compared the indoor air quality of 10 hospitality venues in Lexington and Louisville, Kentucky, before and after the smoke-free laws went into effect. Real-time measurements of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm or smaller (PM2.5) w...

A PDF of a Power-point presentation of my research efforts made possible by grants from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI) Distinguished Professor Award, and the Robert Wood Johnson Innovator Award

1. SHS concentrations persist for hours after smoking ceases indoors, while OTS concentrations dissipate rapidly after smoking stops outdoors. However, during smoking, OTS levels outdoors may be as high as SHS indoors. A limited number of controlled experiments and field studies of OTS have been conducted in California, Europe, in the Caribbean, an...