James Mcguire

University of Liverpool | UoL

This chapter addressed the question: what policing strategies and interventions or policing strategies combined with other agencies can reduce crime and increase public safety in the night-time economy? A rapid evidence assessment was conducted to locate and summarize relevant research from six electronic databases. Retained studies had to describe...

What evidence is there concerning the effectiveness of community-based multi-agency safeguarding of vulnerable adults? Six electronic databases were searched, which was further reduced to 39 empirical studies retained for full review. It proved difficult to draw clear conclusions about the comparative effectiveness of different approaches to safegu...

What approaches and methods can be employed that will effectively reduce the risk of antisocial behaviour and of other criminal offending in schools? We report an evidence review involving a search of eight electronic databases from 2010 to 2020. This produced 6331 unique items and a final set of 49 review articles and 116 research studies. Only a...

This chapter addresses the question: what general approaches and specific methods can be applied by the police in the safe supervision and monitoring of convicted sex offenders on licence conditions to avoid relapse and re-offending? A Rapid Evidence Review was undertaken. Fifteen electronic databases were searched yielding a total of 5076 unique r...

What factors contribute to witness retraction, disengagement or withdrawal from the legal processing of cases, thereby bringing a halt to prosecution processes? The review focused mainly on offences of personal and sexual violence against adult victims. Eight electronic databases were searched, locating a total of 3264 potentially relevant records...

The chapter provides an overview of the book, with a key objective of illustrating ways in which policing, from its earliest appearance, has been in a continuous state of transition and re-invention in response to changes in society. This is established partly drawing on a brief historical sketch but places more emphasis on recent and current devel...

How effective are public awareness campaigns focused on criminal justice? The objective of the review was to locate and briefly summarize the range of empirical studies relevant to this question but not to extract detailed information and identify effective methods, but simply to outline the range of work in the field. Seven electronic databases we...

Individuals with mental health (MH) problems, whether diagnosed or not, fare poorly in the justice system (Pettitt et al, At risk, yet dismissed: The criminal victimisation of people with mental health problems. Victim Support, Mind, London, 2013). Police officers and staff often manage the critical gateway that determines whether an individual exp...

This chapter focuses on intimate partner violence (IPV) and addresses the question: what approaches and specific methods can be applied in work with those who have committed violence against their partners to reduce the likelihood of the behaviour recurring? We searched nine electronic databases from 2000 to 2020. An initial set of 3832 records was...

What methods or approaches are effective in providing counselling or other forms of support to victims of crime, with particular reference to serious offences including domestic abuse, rape and other sexual assault? An evidence review was conducted with the objective of locating and summarizing relevant research. Seven electronic databases covering...

What works in preventing young people from involvement in violent offending, from membership of gangs or from being drawn into organized crime? The chapter is divided into two sections. The first provides an overview of the findings of a series of 14 research reviews published between 2010 and 2017, several of which became the basis of policy or ad...

This book addresses and reviews progress in a major innovative development within police work known as evidence-based policing. It involves a significant extension and strengthening of links between research and practice and is directed to the task of increasing police effectiveness in the field of community crime prevention. This volume provides a...

Cambridge Core - Social Psychology - Violence Rewired - by Richard Whittington

This chapter presents a review of the available outcome research on alcohol‐related offending. It considers some of the evidence showing linkages between alcohol and crime. The chapter focuses on evidence that some aspects of the harmful effects of alcohol, in the case its links with criminal offending, can be altered and what the strength is of an...

Risk assessment requires a sound empirical basis if it is to maximize its likelihood of being effective. Evidence is crucial to underwriting both its clinical usefulness, or lack of it, if that is how things turn out, and its credibility in the legal process. Factors associated with greater likelihood of reconviction included being younger, male, u...

Background: While structured professional judgement approaches to assessing and managing the risk of violence have been extensively examined in mental health/forensic settings, the application of the findings to people with an intellectual disability is less extensively researched and reviewed. This review aimed to assess whether risk assessment t...

This article reports an evaluation of two cognitive skills programs (Enhanced Thinking Skills and Think First) with 801 women offenders serving community sentences in the English and Welsh Probation Service. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the reconviction rates at 1-year follow-up of offenders who completed the program, offenders w...

The term ‘interpersonal violence’ is used to refer to a wide range of violent acts, including intimate partner violence, child abuse and stranger assaults. Two extensive reviews of interventions to reduce or prevent interpersonal violence published between 1950 and 2008 identified a large literature base reflecting the extensive collective effort o...

As part of a larger study to evaluate the effects of a Liaison and Diversion scheme in community youth justice services, staff of newly established Youth Justice Liaison and Diversion (YJLD) teams undertook observational ratings and administered self-report mental health and risk measures to young people referred to this pathway. The overall object...

BackgroundA youth justice diversion scheme designed to enhance health provision for young people with mental health and developmental problems as soon as they enter the youth justice system has been piloted in six areas of England.AimAs part of a wider evaluation of the first youth justice diversion scheme outside the USA, our aim here was to exami...

This chapter attempts to cover three broad issues with respect to the present-day position regarding what is colloquially known as 'what works' in the field of criminal justice or 'correctional treatment'. First, it describes what has been consolidated from the now very sizeable corpus of research findings that has amassed, the largest proportion o...

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/evaluation-of-the-youth-justice-liaison-and-diversion-pilot-scheme-final-report

Repetitive aggression by a patient receiving mental health inpatient care is likely to elicit various patterns of response from care staff over time. This study sought to examine patterns of coercive physical intervention in relation to repeated episodes of aggression by particular patients. A data set of 9,945 aggression and self-harm incidents ov...

Background: It has been estimated that violence accounts for more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year and these fatal assaults represent only a fraction of all assaults that actually occur. The problem has widespread consequences for the individual and for the wider society in physical, psychological, social and economic terms. A wide rang...

This chapter puts forwards proposals for the reform of criminal justice systems and services and considers how they can be put into effect. Such proposals should first take into account social scientific evidence concerning the reduction of crime and especially violence. A particular aspect of a correctional program and service design that can curr...

Purpose. The objective of this paper is to consider a series of ethical dilemmas that arise when psychologists attempt to combine working in a forensic capacity, gathering information which will facilitate a legal decision, with a clinical one, conducting assessment and providing psychological therapy. Arguments. Previous literature, including surv...

Internet child sexual offending through the use of images of child sexual abuse is a prevalent problem. Defining the characteristics of this group has become a research focus, with emotional avoidance having been investigated as one potential precipitating psychological feature. There are grounds, therefore, for investigating emotional avoidance in...

This study reports an evaluation of the Drink-Impaired Drivers program in the English and Welsh probation service. Participants were adult male offenders who had been convicted of a drink-driving offence and were serving community sentences. The 1-year drink-drive reconviction rates were compared for offenders who completed the program, offenders w...

Attrition from offender interventions presents methodological problems when the effectiveness of the intervention is under evaluation. This article proposes a treatment-received (TR) design, which incorporates one-to-one matching on criminogenic variables. This design permits the comparison of completer, noncompleter, and nonstarter groups with the...

IntroductionThe Concept of AggressionViolent Acts: Individual or Culture?How Does Childhood Aggression Relate to Adult Aggression?What Psychological Factors Make Violence More or Less Likely to Happen?What is the Relationship between Violence and Mental Disorder?Are People with Mental Health Problems More Likely to be Aggressive than the Rest of th...

This article reports an evaluation of the Addressing Substance-Related Offending program in the English and Welsh Probation Service. Participants were 319 adult male offenders who had a history of substance use and were serving community sentences. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the reconviction rates of offenders who completed the...

The present paper focuses on the prediction of violent recidivism among individuals convicted of politically motivated violence – terrorism. We argue that the assumptions of general violence prediction models, used in risk assessment procedures with other offenders, do not necessarily apply to terrorist offenders. Subsequently we discuss the assump...

The Probation Service of England and Wales delivers three offending behavior programs designed for offenders who have committed any offense. One of the selection criteria for these programs states that offenders should have a medium-high risk of reoffending rather than low or very high risk. This article examines the appropriateness of offender all...

In recent years, there has been an explosion of knowledge concerning the developmental processes that lead to persistent violent offending, and in particular, the neurobiological determinants. However, the field of violence has suffered from a divide between basic laboratory neuroscience and clinical science. Hence, this new knowledge has hitherto...

Some criminological theories suggest that aspects of self-image, particularly self-perceptions of attributes considered masculine, may be contributing factors to personal violence. To test hypotheses concerning this, psychometric assessments were administered to two groups of male adult prisoners respectively convicted of violent offences (n=30), o...

This study presents the findings of an evaluation of the Aggression Replacement Training programme as regards the reconviction of male violent offenders within the English and Welsh Probation Service. This study employed a quasi-experimental design which utilised one-to-one matching on key criminogenic variables between an experimental group and a...

Behaviour Change StrategiesDeterrence—Based InterventionsMeta—Analyses of Outcome StudiesImpact of Research FindingsGaps and Further InitiativesNotesReferences

IntroductionDefinitions and Basic ConceptsIntervention StudiesApplications With Offender PopulationsConclusions References

IntroductionBackground to Programme DevelopmentTheoretical RationaleDesign and DeliveryTargeting and SelectionProgramme Delivery and Treatment IntegrityAccreditation and DisseminationEvaluationAttritionConclusion References

Coercion, Compulsion and ControlResearch on Offender RehabilitationComparative Effectiveness and Intervention GuidelinesResearch and Practice: Implementing ProgrammesMotivational Enhancement in Offender ProgrammesConclusion References

IntroductionRationale For General Offending Behaviour ProgrammesEvidence Base For Programme ContentProgramme Content and Application IssuesOutcome EvidenceFuture DirectionsReferences

This study examined the impact on reconviction of appropriate allocation to three general offending behavior programs involving adult male offenders in the English and Welsh Probation Service. Appropriate allocation was defined by level of risk for reconviction. There were three allocation groups: too low, appropriate, and too high. Using a quasi-e...

This study presents the findings of an evaluation of the effect on reconviction of three general offending behavior programs involving adult male offenders in the English and Welsh Probation Service. Using a quasi-experimental design controlling for population factors, there was no difference in the reconviction rates of offenders allocated to prog...

This report has been commissioned by the Northern Ireland Office (NIO) to provide an evaluation of offending behaviour programmes run by the Northern Ireland Prison Service (NIPS) and the Probation Board for Northern Ireland (PBNI). The specific programmes under evaluation within the Prison Service are Enhanced Thinking Skills (ETS) and the Sex Off...

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Purpose . This study presents the findings of an evaluation of the effect on reconviction of three general offending behaviour programmes in the English and Welsh Probation Service with adult male offenders. Method . The study employed a quasi‐experimental design comparing the reconviction rates of three groups: offenders who were allocated to and...

This paper reports the outcome of a 17-month follow-up of structured, community-based, offence-focused, intervention programmes designed to reduce rates of re-conviction amongst adjudicated offenders under probation supervision. Three separate programmes were examined, all derived from a cognitive social learning model of risk factors for repeated...

Background ResearchImpact on Practice and PolicyDevelopments in the UKART as an Accredited ProgramMonitoring and EvaluationReferences

The last few years have seen a marked change in attitudes to the rehabilitation and management of offenders. It is now impossible to ignore evidence which demonstrates the possibilities for reducing reoffending. This book assembles and consolidates that evidence, and indicates the implications for both practice and research. Professionals in prob...

Despite enjoying a higher level of safety from many dangers than that experienced in any previous historical epoch, there is widespread public concern in the world's richer societies over a series of other threats and risks. This paper focuses on the problem of personal violence and the development of a body of research designed to inform assessmen...

The papers in this special issue will be immensely valuable in taking forward the agenda of research, practice and theory construction in the field of offender rehabilitation. Some have consolidated existing knowledge in specific areas and analysed its potential implications. Others have identified the key points at issue in the debate between diff...

This article considers the benefits of sexual offender treatment in terms of the magnitude of the effect size produced by these interventions. Comparisons are made of the effect sizes with those generated by treatment of other offenders, by treatment for mental health problems, and by treatment for physical health problems. In all cases, effect siz...

This paper considers some detailed aspects of the application of therapeutic jurisprudence to the working of the criminal law. Its objective is to draw parallels between aspects of the practice of law when viewed 'in a therapeutic key', and the application of psychological ly-based interventions to the task of changing offenders' behavior. The firs...

The objective of this paper is to provide an integrative analysis of several sets of evidence, derived from contrasting approaches to the reduction of recidivism amongst convicted offenders. The first approach is based on deterrence, an expectation that legal sanctions will have a suppressant effect on crime rates, both for adjudicated offenders (s...

Large-scale reviews of research on offender treatment have given clear indications that it is possible to reduce offender recidivism. Recently, a consensus has emerged concerning some of the features more likely to contribute to positive effects in this regard. One important consideration is that of focusing on criminogenic needs and employing meth...

In the correctional field, treatment program accreditation requires the support of correctional administrators and program providers for successful introduction. How accreditation criteria are developed and a support structure for the process in corrections is achieved is in itself an interesting story. Her Majesty's Prison Service has, in 3.5 year...

This paper addresses the question of whether criminal law, especially in its sentencing and penological aspects, can be adjusted in its workings to incorporate the perspective of therapeutic jurisprudence. A conceptual framework developed by Wexler, Winick, and their colleagues is employed to provide a basis for reflection on the operation and impa...

Five specialised programs within one probation agency were evaluated in terms of their short-term effects upon offender clients. The programs were (1) a psychoeducational training course for drink-driving offenders; (2) a structured activity program for offenders with convictions for autocrime; (3) a probation Day Centre; (4) a cognitive training p...

Previous research has indicated the potential value of Anger Control Training as an intervention in work with individuals who have acted aggressively towards others. However, the general suitability of this method for work with convicted violent offenders has not been explored in any systematic way. This paper reports results from a small scale sur...

The paper reports on a survey of students at Edinburgh University, presenting findings for the male respondents. Data was collected on faculty, course, and year of study, on birth order position, and on the reported incidence of a number of illness. The incidence of the illness in relation to year of study, faculty, and birth order position are fir...

This paper is a second part of a report on a study of the reported incidence of a number of illnesses found in a survey of students registered at Edinburgh University for the 1974–1975 session. The background to this study and details of the administration of the survey are given in an earlier paper, which also presents the findings for the men in...