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The Cucurbitaceae family (cucurbit) includes several economically important crops, such as melon, cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin, squash and gourds. During the past several years, genomic and genetic data have been rapidly accumulated for cucurbits. To store, mine, analyze, integrate and disseminate these large-scale datasets and to provide a centra...
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a commercially and nutritionally important market vegetable in Asia cultivated mainly by smallholder farmers. Cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Px) is a nearly ubiquitous and serious fungal disease of bitter gourd. Five bitter gourd breeding lines (THMC 113, THMC 143, THMC 153, THM...
Kosman diversity models were applied to analyses of virulence (disease reaction patterns) variation of 115 isolates of two cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) species, Golovinomyces orontii (Go) and Podosphaera xanthii (Px), collected in the Czech Republic from 2010 through 2012. Diversity within and distances between Go and Px populations and each other...
Genetic resistance is one of the most suitable strategies to control cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) on melon, incited by Podosphaera xanthii or Golovinomyces orontii. However, many races of these pathogens have been reported worldwide in recent years, what may compromise the effectiveness of this method. Thus, annual surveys of CPM races and the scr...
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), emerged in the Sonoran Desert region of the southwestern USA in 2006 and has become well established. Symptoms induced by CYSDV infection include a striking interveinal chlorosis or yellowing and reduced yield and quality. The virus is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci, and the cryptic species MEAM1 has...
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an economically and nutritionally important vegetable in Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate a diverse collection of bitter gourd germplasm for identifying early staminate flowering monoecious lines for blending with predominantly gynoecious hybrids or gynoecious open pollinated cultivars to pr...
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) reduces melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit quality and yield in many parts of the world. Host plant resistance of melon to CYSDV is a high priority for sustainable melon production in affected production areas. High-level resistance to CYSDV exhibited by TGR 1551 (PI 482420) appeared, initially, to be cont...
Sweetpotato whitefly biotype B (MEAM1 cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci; SPWF) feeding severely impacts fall season melon (Cucumis melo L.) yield and quality in the lower deserts of California and Arizona. Melon accessions PI 313970 and TGR 1551 (PI 482420) have been reported to exhibit host plant resistance (HPR) to SPWF. Potentially higher and lo...
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an economically and nutritionally important vegetable in Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate a diverse collection of bitter gourd germplasm for identifying early staminate flowering monoecious lines for blending with predominantly gynoecious hybrids or gynoecious open pollinated cultivars to pr...
Cultivated cucurbits have spread through trade and exploration from their respective Old and New World centers of origin to the six arable continents and are important in local, regional and world trade. Cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash and gourd, and watermelon comprise the major cucurbits. Bitter gourd, bottle gourd, wax gourd, sponge and ridge g...
Bitter gourd, bottle gourd, wax gourd, snake gourd, sponge gourd, and ridge gourd are cultivated and marketed by smallholder farmers, and are important crops in home gardens throughout southern and southeastern Asia. These vegetables provide significant dietary nutrients such as vitamin A and C, iron and calcium. Public sector breeders and germplas...
We report here the genetic characterization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) based on polymorphisms of 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in 114 accessions that included landraces, breeding lines, and commercial open-pollinated and F1 hybrid cultivars widely grown in Asia. Neighbor-joining tree analysis revealed a high level of genetic varia...
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides, insecticide rotations, types of application (soil injections or foliar sprays) and timing of applications for insect control and for suppression of watermelon vine decline (WVD) disease fruit symptoms caused by the SPW-transmitted Squash vein yellowing virus (SVYV) on...
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a phenotypically diverse eudicot diploid (2n = 2x =24) has climacteric and non-climacteric morphotypes and show wide variation for fruit firmness, an important trait for transportation and shelf life. We generated 13,789 SNP markers using genotyping-by-sequencing and anchored them to chromosomes to understand genome-wide...
Cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM), a disease on field and greenhouse cucurbit crops worldwide, is caused most frequently by two obligate erysiphaceous ectoparasites (Golovinomyces orontii s.l., Podosphaera xanthii) that are highly variable in their pathogenicity and virulence. Various independent systems of CPM race determination and denomination are u...
Snapmelon (Cucumis melo L. Momordica Group; 2n=2x=24) is native to India, where it is widely cultivated and is commonly called 'phut', which means to split. Immature fruits are cooked or eaten raw. In this paper we review the wealth of genetic resources in Indian snapmelon landraces for resistance to fungal and viral diseases, nematodes, and insect...
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) was identified in the melon (Cucumis melo) production regions of the desert southwestern United States in fall 2006. It is now well established in the region, where it is transmitted efficiently by the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (MEAM1). I...
We report here the first broad genetic characterization of farmer-developed landraces of melon (Cucumis melo L.) from the Indo-Gangetic plains of India, an area overlooked in previous melon genetic diversity analyses of Indian melon germplasm. Eighty-eight landraces from three melon Groups in two subspecies (C. melo subsp. agrestis Momordica Group,...
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) are cultivated in many countries around the world. Their production in the United States is concentrated mostly in California and Arizona, where they are grown year-round. U.S. lettuce products are categorized into three market uses: whole heads, bulk harvest (for salad processing, food...
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the major leafy vegetable that is susceptible to powdery mildew disease under greenhouse and field conditions. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to powdery mildew under greenhouse conditions were mapped in an interspecific population derived from a cross between susceptible L. sativa cultivar Salinas and the...
The combination of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), a newly introduced virus and heavy feeding pressure by its insect vector, sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) biotype B (SPWF-B) severely impact melon production in California and Arizona. The appearance of the aggressive SPWF-B in 1990 significantly reduced the Fall melon crop...
More than 40 physiological races of cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) incited by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea) have been reported on melon (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Races 1 and 2, which were first described in the 1930s, are common throughout the United States, with the exception of California and Arizona. Race S was first observ...
Cucurbits are a group of diverse horticultural species grown worldwide. Their fruit are consumed fresh, cooked, or processed, and seeds can be eaten or used for their high quality cooking oil and protein meal. India and Southeast Asia, including China, comprise the primary and secondary centers of diversity, respectively, of cucumber (Cucumis sativ...
Many physiological races of the cucurbit powdery mildew pathogen (CPM) Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun & Shishkoff have been reported on melon (Cucumis melo L.). Melon accession PI 313970 is the only reported source of host plant resistance to race S, which first appeared in Imperial Valley, CA in Spring 2003. Race SD, which overcomes resistan...
The lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major insect pest of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L, in many commercial lettuce production areas around the world. Resistance to lettuce aphid biotype 0 (Nr:0) was first reported in Lactuca virosa L. accession IVT 280 and characterized as complete, i.e., virtually no aphids surv...
Indian melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces comprise a wealth of genetic diversity that has been exploited over the millennia by farmers and over the last century by scientifically trained plant scientists in the public and private sectors. Melons in India may be feral or cultivated, have netted or smooth rinds, be sweet and eaten as a dessert fruit o...
A new strain of cucurbit powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun & Shishkoff (formerly Sphaerotheca fuliginea), designated race S, isvirulent on all the commonly used melon (Cucumis melo L.) powdery mildew race differentials and first appeared on melon in Yuma, AZ, and Imperial Valley, CA, in 2003. Melon PI 313970 (C. melo va...
Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Podosphaera xanthii (family Erysiphaceae) are the most important species causing cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM), a serious disease of field and
greenhouse cucurbits. Both species are highly variable in their pathogenicity and virulence, as indicated by the existence
of large number of different pathotypes and races. V...
Nomenclature rules are proposed for naming and symbolizing genes for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). To date, 59 loci have been identified, including 6 influencing anthocyanin, 10 chlorophyll genes, 11 affecting leaf morphology, 4 genes influencing heading, 7 genes for flower and seed characteristics, 7 male sterile genes, 1 gene affecting sensitivity...
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae), causes a devastating of disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.), and is readily transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci biotype B) resulting in reduced fruit quality and yield. CYSDV was first identified on melons in the 1980s in the United Arab Em...
Edward J. Ryder, lettuce breeder and geneticist;Ryder, improving quality and quantity of lettuce - in United States and around the world;lettuce mosaic virus, serious production losses;Ed, and drafting Code of Ethics statement - for ASHS President and Board of Directors;Ed's cultivar releases, standard for lettuce breeding programs - by U.S. and in...
Cucumis melo accession PI 313970 possesses numerous genes for race-specific resistance to powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera xanthii. It also exhibits resistant blister (RB) leaf reactions, characteristic for non-race-specificity, to several races of P. xanthii in California, U.S.A. Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of mycelia, coni...
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is highly nutritious vegetable species and an important source of β-carotene (Vitamin A), which is an important nutrient in the human diet. A previously developed set of 81 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from Group Cantalupensis US Western Shipper market type germplasm was examined in two locations [Wisconsin (WI) an...
Growing environment dramatically influences melon (Cucumis melo L.; 2n = 2x = 24) fruit development and quality. Consequently, the characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling melon fruit quality for application in marker-assisted selection (MAS) requires an assessment of genotype by environmental interactions, trait correlations,...
Lettuce aphid, Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). High-level resistance found in a wild relative, Lactuca virosa L. accession PIVT 280, is conditioned by the Nr gene, which has been transferred to European cultivars and is being commercially transferred to U.S.-ada...
A cross was made between a unique highly branched, early flowering line, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 846-1 (P₁; 7 to 11 lateral branches), and 'Topmark' (P₂; 2 to 4 lateral branches), a U.S. Western Shipping melon, to produce an array of 119 F₃ families. Subsequently, a genetic analysis was conducted at Arlington and Hancock, Wisconsin i...
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) is a geminivirus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (SPW-B) and common in melons (Cucumis melo L.) planted from July through September in the desert southwestern United States. Symptoms include chlorotic leaf spots, leaf curling and crumpling, and interveinal yellowing, and plants may be stunted...
The inheritance of yield-related traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.; 2n = 2x = 24) is poorly understood, and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for such traits has not been reported. Therefore, a set of 81 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was developed from a cross between the monoecious, highly branched line USDA 846-1 and a standard vining,...
Unique architectural phenotypes have the potential for increasing yield in commercial melon (Cucumis melo L.). Therefore, a generation means analysis was conducted to investigate the inheritance of architectural traits (days to anthesis, primary branch number, fruit number and weight, and average weight per fruit). Progeny (F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2)...
Nymphs and alates of aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were tested on 10 lettuce cultivars with N. ribisnigri resistance gene Nr and 18 cultivars without the resistance gene in various bioassays. Bioassays used whole plants, leaf discs, or leaf cages to determine susceptibility of commercial lettuce cultivars to N. ribisnig...
This study was conducted to compare the β-glucosidase of cotyledons and fruits of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chipper. The concentration of the enzyme was followed throughout the growth period of each organ. The greatest concentration of the enzyme did not correspond with the most rapid period of growth. Each enzyme was characterized kinetically. The Mi...
Powdery mildew is a serious disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Twenty-two melon cultigens have been used to define 22 reported races of the pathogen Podosphaera xanthii (sect. Sphaerotheca) xanthii (Castag.) U. Braun & N. Shish. Comb. nov. [syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.]. Discrepancies in the reactions of eight cul...
Races 1 and 2 of Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea ) were defined in Imperial Valley, Calif. 1938 when P. xanthii overcame genetic resistance in `PMR 45'. Race 3 was first observed in the U.S. in 1976 in Texas; 15 additional races of P. xanthii have been reported in the literature since 1996. Races 1 and 2 have been common in Arizona...
Fusarium wilt of lettuce, first recognized in Japan in 1955, has since been discovered in the United States (California in 1990, Arizona in 2001), Iran (1995), Taiwan (1998), and Italy (2001). In Arizona, the causal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, has been recovered from lettuce plants in 27 different lettuce fields during the 2001 to 20...
Three races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae, cause of fusarium wilt of lettuce, are known in Japan, where the pathogen was first observed in 1955. Fusarium wilt first affected commercial U.S. lettuce production in 1990 in Huron, Calif., but did not become a serious problem in the U.S. until 2001 when it reappeared in Huron and appeared in the...
Genetic variation among 378 melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm accessions collected in India in 1992 and 26 accessions in China in 1994 was evaluated with 19 isozyme loci. 'Top Mark' and 'Green Flesh Honeydew', which represented two distinct C. melo ssp. melo L. groups, Cantalupensis and Inodorus, respectively, were used as reference cultivars. Gene...
Powdery mildew is a major problem in melon (Cucumis melo L.) production worldwide. Three genes for resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll. race 1 and race 2U.S. were identified in growth chamber and greenhouse tests in the cross of PI 313970 x 'Top Mark'. A recessive gene conditioned resistance of true leaves to race 1. A rece...
Powdery mildew is a serious disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Twenty-two melon cultigens have been used to defi ne 22 reported races of the pathogen Podosphaera xanthii (sect. Sphaerotheca) xanthii (Castag.) U. Braun & N. Shish. Comb. nov. [syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.]. Discrepancies in the reactions of eight cu...
Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), seriously affected melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in the lower desert areas of the southwest United States from 1981 through 1990. Melon plant introduction (PI) 313970 was previously found resistant to LIYV in naturally infected field tests...
Melon plant introduction (PI) 313970 is a potential source of resistance to lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV). PI 315410 has the same origin as PI 313970. All tests for virus resistance were done using progenies 90625 and 33518, which had been derived by self-pollination of three or four plants of PI 313970. In two greenhouse plantings, PI 31...
Alienor.—Breeder: Vilmorin. Characteristics: charentais type slightly netted to netted, monoecious with excellent eating quality and very good shelf life; vigorous plant with good foliage development, spherical to oblong fruit, green-gray skin, well ribbed, excellent uniformity of size, average weight 700–900 g. Resistance: fusarium wilt races 0, 1...
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) originated in India, melon (C. melo L.) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Africa, and squash, pumpkin, and gourd (Cucurbita spp.) in the Americas. Thus, cucumber, melon, and watermelon (including citron) are relatively recent introductions to the New World. Most domesticated species of Cucurbita were introduced fro...
Although plants generally show maternal transmission of the organellar genomes, previous research has demonstrated that the mitochondrial (mt) genome of cucumber is paternally transmitted. In this study, we identified RFLPs in the organellar genomes of melon, squash, and watermelon to establish organellar DNA transmission. Serial dilutions of DNA d...
Nineteen polymorphic and eleven monomorphic isozyme loci were identified in thirteen enzyme systems in a survey of four-hundred melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions. Segregation of allozymes in F-2 and backcross (BC) families for isozyme loci agreed with the expected 1:2:1 and 1:1 segregation ratios (P < 0.01). Eleven isozyme loci were linked and wer...
ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Cucumis melo, Bern isia ttbaci biotype A, sweetpotato whitefly, Be7nisia tabaci biotype B, silverleaf whitefly, Crinivirus genus, Closteroviridae family, ELISA ABSTRACT. Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) is a member of the Crinivirus Genus, Closteroviridae Family, a new group of whitefly-transmitted viruses that induce...
Genetic variation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus) accessions from India was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Forty-six accessions acquired by the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) before 1972 were compared with 146 accessions collected during a 1992 U.S.–India expedition to the states of Rajast...
Variation at isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci in eight cucumber and seven melon cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introductions were used to determine the utility of these markers for assessing genetic variation among populations of each species. Although dendrograms derived from cluster analyses using species'' variation...
Genetic variation in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) accessions from India was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Forty-six accessions acquired by the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) before 1972 were compared with 146 accessions collected during a 1992 U.S.–India expedition to the states of Rajasthan, Madhya...
An experiment was conducted during 2 yr to develop a rapid and reproducible method of screening melon, Cucumis melo L., germplasm for resistance to Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. Multiple tests were conducted on plant response and response by insect for 31 selected melon entries when exposed to B. argentifolii in an open-choice greenhouse...
The cucurbits have several-fold size differences in their mitochondrial genomes. Watermelon possesses a relatively small mitochondrial genome of 330 kb. Squash has a larger mitochondrial genome of 840 kb. Cucumber and melon possess huge mitochondrial genomes of 1500 and 2400 kb, respectively. We demonstrated predominately paternal transmission of t...
Principal component analyses of variation at 21 isozyme and 43 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci in eight cucumber (GY-14a, G421, H-19, WI 2757, and PIs 432860, 458845, and 183967) and seven melon [Top Mark (TM), Doublon, Green Flesh Honeydew (GFH), Juane Canari (JC), Freeman cucumber (FC), Snakemelon (SM), and PI 124111] cultigens were...
PI 414723 has received much attention from melon ( Cucumis melo L.) breeders, pathologists, and entomologists for resistances to zucchini yellow mosaic and watermelon mosaic viruses, including resistances to virus multiplication and subsequent transmission by the melon aphid, powdery mildew resistance, and melon aphid ( Aphis gossypii Glover). PI 4...
A new chlorophyll-deficient mutant is the first cytoplasmically inherited trait described in melon. This mutant is characterized by yellow apices with the leaves and stems progressively turning green in color as the branches mature. A protocol is proposed for naming and symbolizing cytoplasmic traits in melon. This mutation is named yellow-tip and...
A new chlorophyll-deficient mutant is the first cytoplasmically inherited trait described in melon. This mutant is characterized by yellow apices, with the leaves and stems progressively turning green in color as the branches mature. A protocol is proposed for naming and symbolizing cytoplasmic traits in melon. This mutation is named yellow-tip and...
The genetic diversity of 400 U.S. melon germplasm plant introductions was assessed using 35 enzyme systems. Polymorphisms were observed at 24 putative loci (Ac, Acp1, Acp4, Ak2, Ak3. Ak4, Fdp1, Fdp2, Fdp4, Gpi, Idh, Mdh2, Mdh4, Mdh5, Mdhb, Mpi1, Mpi2, Pgd1, Pgd2, Pgm, Pep-g1, Pep-1a, Pep-pap, Skdh) representing 17 different enzymes. Sixteen loci de...
Melon is a member of the genus Cucumis, subtribe Cucumerinae, tribe Melothrieae, subfamily Cucurbitoideae, and family Cucurbitaceae. Immature melons are used fresh in salads, cooked—soup, stew, curry, stir-fry—or pickled. Mature fruit is eaten fresh as a dessert fruit or in a canned form or used for syrup or jam; dehydrated slices—lightly processed...
Confined-leaf tests in a greenhouse showed Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley plant introduction (PI) 442369 was as susceptible to sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, oviposition as Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita ecuadorensis Cutler and Whitaker, and Cucurbita lundelliana Bailey, whereas L. siceraria accessions PI 419090, PI 419215, PI 4...
The spread of watermelon mosaic virus by the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) was 31%, 74%, and 71% less to a melon aphid-resistant muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding line than to the susceptible recurrent parent in a field cage study. Aphid-resistant and susceptible plants served equally well as the virus source. The highest rate of infection...
Plant virus inclusion bodies can be stained specifically with established staining methods for light microscopy. The procedure can be augmented by a short microwave treatment to provide better staining intensity and reduced staining time. The method is useful for preliminary sampling prior to collection for electron microscopy and for plant patholo...
Squash leaf curl (SLC) is a virus disease of squash transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly [Bernisia tabaci (Germ.)]. 'Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam., C. mixta Pang, and C. pepo L. cultivars and the wild taxon. C. texana Gray exhibited severe symptoms in response to SLC in greenhouse and field tests. Symptoms on C. moschata (Duch.) Duch. ex Poir....
Seven previously undescribed genes in muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L.) for resistance to powdery mildew [ Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll., races 1 and 2] are reported. Progeny 92417 has a recessive gene for resistance to race 1, which is nonallelic to Pm-1 . Breeding line WMR 29 has a gene for resistance to race 1 that is allelic to the...
Cultivated and wild accessions of Cucumis melo L. were evaluated for salt tolerance to identify germplasm useful in breeding programs. Entries were tested for seed germination and seedling emergence in a -6.0 bar osmotic solution of NaCl + CaCl 2 (2:1 molar ratio) under laboratory conditions. Seedling growth was measured in the greenhouse as fresh...
Salt tolerance differences among 115 plant introductions of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) were screened in sand cultures under greenhouse conditions. Leaf and root fresh weights of plants grown for 4 to 5 weeks in salinized sand cultures were compared to a benchmark cultivar, ‘Buttercrunch’. Plant introductions showed a wider range of salt tolerance...
The response of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) to salinity was studied in greenhouse tests. Seven-day-old seedlings were grown in solution culture with salinity (NaCl + CaCl 2 , 2:1 molar ratio) ranging from 0.6 to 26 decisiemens per meter (dS m ⁻¹ ). Fresh weight (FW) declined as salinity increased; root weight was not affected as much as leaf weigh...
Growth of Amanita muscaria, Cenococcum graniforme, Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon roseolus, Suillus brevipes, S. grevellei, S. luteus, and Thelephora terrestris on Hagem Nutrient Agar as modified by Modess at 20°C for 28 days was inhibited by cadmium, lead, and nickel. All fungi were arrested by 350 μg cadmium per ml (ppm) or l...
In the paper, Studies of Ovlpositional Preference of Cabbage Looper on Progenies from a Cross between Cultivated Lettuce and Prickly Lettuce by A. N. Kishaba, J. D. McCreight, D. L. Coudriet, T. W. Whitaker, and G. R. Pesho ( J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105(6):890–892. 1980), the last sentence of the first paragraph should read: Two of the plant intro...
F 1 progenies from a cross between Lactuca sativa L. breeding line 54671 and L. serriola L. PI 274372 (resistant to the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), averaged 42 ± 6 looper eggs per plant, compared to 213 ± 25 for the 54671 parent and 17 ± 4 for PI 274372. Two F 2 populations varied widely in plant damage inflicted by the resulting larv...
Cripshead (iceberg) lettuce accounts for the major portion of commercially produced lettuce in the U. S. Crisphead types are not, however, commonly grown by home gardeners because of misunderstandings about cultural practices necessary to ensure head formation. Two important factors are planting date and thinning of seedlings. Lettuce should be pla...