James C. Hayton

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at University of Warwick

Fear of failure is an important part of the experience of entrepreneurship. Yet past research has mainly investigated fear of failure in entrepreneurship among non entrepreneurs or nascent entrepreneurs and has done so by asking for reactions to hypothetical future failure. This approach to operationalizing the construct limits our capacity for und...

Employing a configurational approach we explore how ‘hybrid context’ shapes organizations’ adoption, and performance implications, of management practice. We do because hybrid contexts have been a policy aim of many governments seeking to blurr the distinction between the public, private and not‐for‐profit sectors. To conceptualize hybrid contexts...

We view ambidexterity as a paradox whereby its components, exploration and exploitation, generate persistent and conflicting demands on an organization. Drawing on the attention based view of the firm (ABV), we examine three antecedents of organizational ambidexterity that reflect ABV's three principles − the principle of focus of attention; the pr...

This chapter focuses on the main challenges and issues associated with the research on the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship. It shows that scholars have used two different approaches to defining national culture: culture as values, and culture as norms and practices. The chapter analyzes the literature that is related to e...

Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) as a valid and effective area of research has real and tangible benefits for emerging scholars because their work will significantly impact an emerging strategy. The research on CE has evolved over the last 40 years beginning very slowly and growing in importance through the decades. While the inherent value of entre...

A systematic review of the entrepreneurship literature on fear published up to 2014 highlights several key characteristics. First, the predominant focus in research examining the emotion of fear in entrepreneurship is on the specific concept of fear of failure. However, this literature shows a lack of precision in the conceptualization and operatio...

Drawing upon the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) framework, our study extends understanding of the interaction between human resource (HR) practices and the brokering of knowledge by hybrid middle managers. Examining health care delivered to older people in a hospital setting, our study highlights that hybrid nurse middle managers broker knowl...

In this article, we review and synthesize extant research on entrepreneurial leadership, capabilities and their influence on the growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). First, we begin by examining the processes, routines and resources underlying substantive growth capabilities; these are capabilities that enable a firm to grow by com...

Fear of failure both inhibits and motivates entrepreneurial behavior and therefore represents a rich opportunity for better understanding entrepreneurial motivation. Although considerable attention has been given to the study of fear of failure in entrepreneurship, scholars in this field have investigated this construct from distinct disciplinary p...

Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) offer an important tool for rapid organizational growth, acquisition of new knowledge and capabilities, and entry into new markets at home or abroad. Although the importance of the involvement of the human resource management function has been widely extolled, evidence for the level of involvement remains limited. A...

The literature on the association between cultural values and entrepreneurial beliefs, motives and behaviours has grown significantly over the last decade. Through its influence on beliefs, motives and behaviours, culture can magnify or mitigate the impact of institutional and economic conditions upon entrepreneurial activity. Understanding the imp...

International corporate entrepreneurship increasingly requires broader internal and external networks and legitimacy seeking in areas where the corporation and the entrepreneur are not well known. In this article, the important factors that influence the degree of legitimacy granted to corporate entrepreneurs are proposed and discussed. Specificall...

We examined the role of social embeddedness in creating positive perceptions of organizational support among managerial and staff employees (n = 72) of a large manufacturing firm. We operationalized social embeddedness as the size, density, and quality of employees' networks of multiplex, reciprocated exchange relationships with colleagues. After c...

The creation and intentional pursuit of entrepreneurial ideas lies at the core of the domain of entrepreneurship. Recent empirical work in a number of diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, social cognition, neuroscience, and neurophysiology all suggest that dual processes involving affect and cognition have a significant impact on judgment a...

This research examines differences between family and non-family firms with respect to new venture creation processes. We invoke a social embeddedness explanation of differences between family and non-family firms with respect to opportunity identification processes and outcomes and new venture development processes. In a sample of 183 family and n...

This article examines interdependencies among people in organizations as a critical aspect of human capital (HC) that organizations must leverage. Its primary focus is organizations which serve some economic purpose; that is, they use HC in order to produce goods or services which are then supplied to outside individuals and organizations. The arti...

The purpose of this study was to test 10 hypotheses for why firms join research centers that are consortial in nature. We describe research centers with a formal arrangement for accommodating external membership as being consortial research centers (CRC). Although traditional analysis of why firms form collaborative research arrangements have tende...

The ability of family firms to identify and respond to changes in their external environments can be a key source of competitive advantage leading to success and survival. Some research, however, has suggested family firms are conservative and often lack the ability to adapt to their changing competitive environments. Using data from 248 family fir...

Social entrepreneurship has emerged as an important research topic in the literature. This interest stems from social entrepreneurs' role in addressing serious social problems on a worldwide scale while enhancing social wealth, often without regard for profits. In this article, we explain the forces contributing to the formation and rapid internati...

Companies have vigorously pursued opportunities for profitability and growth through international venturing. Yet, research evidence on the performance benefits of international venturing activities has been contradictory. Applying an organizational learning framework, we propose that the expected effects of international venturing activities on fi...

Corporate entrepreneurship, the discovery and pursuit of new opportunities through innovation and venturing, is an important source of competitive advantage. Corporate entrepreneurship involves a diverse set of activities such as innovation in products and processes; the development of internal and external corporate ventures; and the development o...

In this interview with Hanneke C. Frese, we explore a few of the issues associated with the practical application of competency models. Hanneke has broad international experience in a number of organizational settings and has observed both the advantages and the challenges of implementing competency frameworks. In addition, we discuss the contribut...

ABSTRACT Research into human,resource management,(HRM) systems suggests that investments in formal HRM are an important source of competitive advantage. This paper identifies the paradox that while family firms de-emphasize investments in formal HRM systems, they are still able to outperform their non-family counterparts. It is suggested that the r...

In this article, we summarize the results of two question and answer sessions held at the Fourth Conference on Innovative Teaching in HR/IR, Park City UT, April 2005. In the first conversation, Debra Cohen of SHRM asks two expert practitioners to present their perspective on what the market demands from HRM graduates at the undergraduate and gradua...

This special issue features four scholarly papers from the Innovative Teaching in Human Resources and Industrial Relations (HR/IR) Conference, hosted by Utah State University in Park City, Utah in April 2005. At the fourth edition of this conference we saw papers on a range of teaching topics related to HR/IR. Conference sessions included discussio...

This article describes a framework for the design and implementation of a competency-based curriculum for graduate management education. The article also outlines how this model has been implemented at one university in the context of a graduate degree in human resource management. Among the significant challenges discussed are the identification o...

Intellectual capital (IC) offers a potential source of sustainable competitive advantage and is believed to be the font from which technological development and economic growth may spring. This study proposes a three-dimensional framework for describing and measuring a firm's IC that includes human capital, intellectual property, and reputational c...

As environments become more complex and dynamic, firms must become more entrepreneurial in order to identify new opportunities for sustained superior performance. Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) involves organizational learning, driven by collaboration, creativity and individual commitment. Therefore, it is widely held that HRM practices are an imp...

In high technology environments, rapid technological change means that the value of a firm's existing knowledge is quickly eroded. In order to acquire needed capabilities, high technology new ventures engage in venturing strategies such as acquisitions and joint ventures. The top management team is an important source of inherited knowledge for the...

Organizational culture is an important strategic resource that family firms can use to gain a competitive advantage. Drawing upon the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, this study examines the association between four dimensions of organizational culture in family vs. non-family businesses and entrepreneurship. Using data from 536 U.S. manufact...

The decision of how many factors to retain is a critical component of exploratory factor analysis. Evidence is presented that parallel analysis is one of the most accurate factor retention methods while also being one of the most underutilized in management and organizational research. Therefore, a step-by-step guide to performing parallel analysis...

How can human resource management (HRM) practices promote entrepreneurial performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? This article discusses the association between human capital management (HCM) and other contemporary HRM practices and the ability of SMEs to be entrepreneurial. In a study of 99 SMEs, HRM practices that promote employ...

Technological entrepreneurship is a fertile area of research. Scholars from as diverse fields as entrepreneurship, strategy, organizational theory, sociology, economics, and psychology have made valuable contributions to this fast growing area. Our review of prior research reinforces the importance of prior research findings, while outlining severa...

Conceptual arguments for the association between cultural characteristics and entrepreneurship have existed for decades but only in the last 10 years has this relationship been the focus of empirical scrutiny. In this article, we review and synthesize the findings of 21 empirical studies that examine the association between national cultural charac...

The rapid globalization of world markets has encouraged companies of all sizes and national origins to expand internationally. To benefit from their international expansion, companies need to foster entrepreneurship throughout their operations. This article identifies several challenges companies encounter as they attempt to promote entrepreneurshi...

Despite the consensus concerning the value of established organizations acting entrepreneurially (Morris et al, 2008), there is a lack of understanding of how firms develop effective structures and processes that spur corporate entrepreneurship (Dess et al, 2003). Training is one HR practice that can be used to nurture entrepreneurial competencies...