James E. Gruber

• Ph.D
• Professor Emeritus at University of Michigan–Dearborn

A comparison of the impact of bullying and sexual harassment on five school outcomes was conducted on a sample of high school students. Results revealed that sexual harassment was a stronger predictor than bullying of all school outcomes for both sexes, but especially for girls. This study suggests that sexual harassment, which activates sexist and...

This book chapter describes bullying and sexual harassment behaviors that occur between teenage peers in school and at work and how these behaviors impact their mental and physical health. .

An examination of the frequency and impact of workplace sexual harassment on work, health, and school outcomes on high school girls is presented in two parts. The first compares the frequency of harassment in this sample (52%) to published research on adult women that used the same measure of sexual harassment. The second part compares outcomes for...

Background and Purpose: For nearly three decades, theories and research methodologies on bullying and sexual harassment have followed separate paths of development even though they often focus on similar health and performance outcomes. Consequently, researchers have rarely studied these problems together. So, obvious questions such as Which is mor...

Signaler un cas de harcèlement sexuel n'est pas évident. Pour comprendre les conditions dans lesquelles les femmes le font, un sondage téléphonique et des archives ont été analysés provenant de la Commission canadienne des droits de la personne. La vulnérabilité personnelle est un critère négligeable. Les femmes ont tendance à déposer des plaintes...

A sample of 522 middle and high school students from a school district in a northeastern state in the U.S. was used to address two questions about bullying and sexual harassment: Is one more frequent than the other, and are there gender or sexual orientation differences in this regard? And, does one have greater adverse health effects than the othe...

Over the last twenty-five years scholars from a variety of disciplines (e.g., psychology, social work, women’s studies) and a wide range of nations have documented the devastating impact of sexual harassment on the health and well-being of girls and women. This chapter provides an overview of the literature and research on one aspect of the harm of...

The impact of bullying and sexual harassment on six health outcomes among middle school girls were compared to these outcomes among high school girls. High school girls experienced more bullying and sexual harassment and poorer health outcomes than their middle school counterparts, but the impact of these experiences was less among high school stud...

Women's experiences with sexual harassment were analyzed with three types of variables: occupational and workplace sex ratios, organizational policies and procedures for dealing with sexual harassment problems, and women's cultural status (age and marital status). Regression analyses revealed that extent of contact with men was a key predictor of i...

do women of different occupations or nationalities experience similar types of sexual harassment / and is the impact or severity of the different forms of sexual harassment similar across groups / recent works that review the conceptualization and measurement of harassment experiences and create typologies are discussed / the literature on severity...

The response patterns of women who had experienced sexual harassment were analyzed. The harassment targets were part of a large, representative sample of Canadian women (n = 1,990) who were interviewed about their experiences with public or workplace harassment. Descriptive analyses revealed that women generally gave fairly nonassertive responses t...

Predictors and outcomes of male harassment and hostility toward women (woman-unfriendly experiences) were analyzed for professional and blue-collar women (N = 805) in three geographic regions. Two central questions were addressed by using multiple regression: Do the same types of variables predict woman-unfriendly experiences across regions? Are th...

Focused on the relationships between social support, family, and income pressures on anxiety and stress during pregnancy. 433 women completed a medical/psychosocial questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Jenkins Activity Survey, and stress measure formulated using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Each S was assessed once during...

Most of the research conducted on sexual harassment over the last decade and a half has used categories that are neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive. This has created problems for researchers: it is difficult to compare results from one study to another, harassment types that have scholarly and legal-policy relevance are omitted, and the abil...

This paper argues that the ability of social research to influence legal arguments and policy decisions on sexual harassment in the workplace has been stymied by several methodological problems which are shared by most major studies on the topic. Determination of the incidence of harassment and its major sub-types is difficult because of problems w...

This article analyzes the orientation of 150 women autoworkers toward feminism. Demographic variables had no significant independent effects when considered with other variables. Age, marital status, and education did have noteworthy mediated effects. Seniority level, workplace threat, and job skills were significant determinants of feminist orient...

Four "pathway" (age, sex, social class, and number of dependents) and three "gatekeeper" (previous admission, previous ward terms, and severity of patient disorder) variables are used to predict recidivism rates and lengths of stay for patients admitted to a psychiatric ward in a general hospital during a 1-year period. There were three major findi...

Harassment frequency, severity, response, and effect were analyzed for a sample of 138 women who work mostly in unskilled jobs in the auto industry. It was hypothesized that these would be related to several social and work-related characteristics: specifically low social of work status, or low numerical representation in a work area. Our analysis...

This research, based on the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, examines differences in educational satisfaction among black and white male students in postsecondary institutions. Three types of variables are used to study these differences: student characteristics (high school ability, expectations, and self-esteem); inst...

We examined the conferring of distinguished teaching awards, a social device to help sustain professed group values. A content analysis located 2900 statements (made by 978 students and faculty, at UNC-Chapel Hill, in support of their nominees) in 35 categories. The imputed attributes of superior teachers described, chiefly, teaching techniques. Fa...