James Burton

• BSc, MSc, PhD
• Chair at International Union for Conservation of Nature

Island populations of large vertebrates have experienced higher extinction rates than mainland populations over long timescales due to demographic stochasticity, genetic drift and inbreeding. Conversely, small island populations often experience relatively less anthropogenic habitat degradation than populations on larger islands, making them potent...

Endangered species, despite often living at low population densities, may undergo unexpected density‐dependent feedbacks in the case of successful recovery or marked reduction in range. Because density‐dependence dynamics can increase risk of extinction, these effects can hamper conservation efforts. In this study, we analyze the dynamics of the la...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 s...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 s...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 s...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 s...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 s...

Action Indonesia is a collaborative partnership for the conservation of anoa, banteng, babirusa and Sumatran tigers. The aim of the partnership is to contribute to the conservation of these species in situ to prevent species extinction and to achieve genetically and demographically healthy ex situ insurance populations , providing future options fo...

The ecology and population dynamics of the endemic tamaraw on Mindoro island, Philippines, remains poorly documented so far. A better knowledge of its growth rate and abundance trend would potentially improve our ability to assess its status and long-term viability, and the feasibility of envisioned conservation actions such as translocation of ind...

Ensuring the conservation of wild relatives of domesticated animals that are important food sources for humans forms part of targets for both the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). There is, however, no indicator allowing progress toward these aims to be measured. We identified 30 domesticated mamm...

The high degree of endemism on Sulawesi has previously been suggested to have vicariant origins, dating back to 40 Ma. Recent studies, however, suggest that much of Sulawesi's fauna assembled over the last 15 Myr. Here, we test the hypothesis that more recent uplift of previously submerged portions of land on Sulawesi promoted diversification and t...

The domestic water buffalo is native to the Asian continent but through historical migrations and recent importations, nowadays has a worldwide distribution. The two types of water buffalo, i.e., river and swamp, display distinct morphological and behavioral traits, different karyotypes and also have different purposes and geographical distribution...

The high degree of endemism on Sulawesi has previously been suggested to have vicariant origins, dating back 40 Myr ago. Recent studies, however, suggest that much of Sulawesi’s fauna assembled over the last 15 Myr. Here, we test the hypothesis that recent uplift of previously submerged portions of land on Sulawesi promoted diversification, and tha...

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The first comprehensive guide of its kind, this volume is essential for any study of wild cattle. Covering all 13 species of wild cattle, the Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle brings together the contributions of 70 international leading experts on the biology, evolution, conservation status and management of the tribe bovini, providing: · a c...

Covering all 13 species of wild cattle, Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle brings together the contributions of international leading experts on the biology, evolution, conservation status and management of the tribe Bovini, providing: • A comprehensive review of current knowledge on systematic, anatomy and ecology of all wild cattle s...

The name Bos caffer was attributed by Sparrman in 1779. Since then, 92 species names have been given to the African buffalo. Taxonomists initially thought that each buffalo form represented a distinct species. Brooke (1873, 1875), who established the first classification of the African buffalo, reduced the number to three. Later, Blancou (1935) des...

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Taxonomy The taxonomy of the anoas is uncertain and has been the cause of much debate (summarised by Burton et al. 2005), largely because of the substantial morphological and genetic variation displayed by wild and captive individuals. There is consistent agreement among authors since Groves (1969) that anoas should be regarded as members of the ge...

Names Genus: Bubalus C. H. Smith, 1827 Species: Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis Heude, 1888 Names in other languages: French: Tamarau, Tamarao; German: Mindoro-Büffel; Spanish: Tamarao, Búfalo de Mindoro; Italian: Tamaraw Other common names: Mindoro dwarf buffalo. Taxonomy Bubalus mindorensis Heude (1888), type specimen Mindoro Island, Philippines. Des...

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To date the International Buffalo Consortium has sequenced almost 80 river and swamp animals from different countries (Brazil, Pakistan, Italy, Iran, China and the Philippines). Past demographic events were deduced from whole genome sequences. The pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) developed by Li and Durbin (2011) was applied to new...

Global species loss during the present human-caused mass-extinction far exceeds background rates and is detrimental to human existence. Across the globe, vertebrate extinction risks are highest in South-east Asia. This region has among the world’s fastest recent habitat-loss rates. More of a determinant to the conservation status of many vertebrate...

Geographic populations of Sulawesi tarsiers differ conspicuously in the acoustic structure of the loud duet calls produced by mated pairs. There is evidence that the differences in call features relate to species differentiation. Duet calls can thus be used as a tool to identify cryptic species and for their monitoring in the field. We recorded due...

Assessing Biodiversity Declines Understanding human impact on biodiversity depends on sound quantitative projection. Pereira et al. (p. 1496 , published online 26 October) review quantitative scenarios that have been developed for four main areas of concern: species extinctions, species abundances and community structure, habitat loss and degradati...

The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (S...

This study aimed to assess the distribution, and abundance of keystone large mammal species: Anoa (Bubalus sp.), Sulawesi Warty Pig (SIAS celebensis) and Tonkean Macaque (Macaca tonkeana) within the Lore Lindu National park (LLNP) in Sulawesi, Indonesia, which is the second largest terrestrial protected area in the Wallacea biodiversity hotspot. To...

Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for...

Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for...

1. The anoas are two species of dwarf buffalo, the lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis and mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi that are endemic to the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The classification of the subgenus Anoa within Bubalus is upheld by assessment of recent genetic and morphological research. The classification of anoas into two species is...