
Jakub Witold BubnickiPolish Academy of Sciences | PAN · Population Ecology
Jakub Witold Bubnicki
PhD
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37
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Publications (37)
Large mammalian carnivores create areas perceived as having high and low risk by their ungulate prey. Human activities can
indirectly shape this landscape of fear by altering behavior and spatial distribution of carnivores. We studied how red deer
perceive the landscape of fear in an old-growth forest system (Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland) bot...
Camera trapping is increasingly becoming an important tool in ecological research. However, the organization of large collections of multimedia files and especially efficient searching for subsets of data is a challenging task. While the development of project‐specific software solutions is dominating in the camera trapping community, little attent...
Plant biomass consumers (mammalian herbivory and fire) are increasingly seen as major drivers of ecosystem structure and function but the prevailing paradigm in temperate forest ecology is still that their dynamics are mainly bottom‐up resource‐controlled. Using conceptual advances from savanna ecology, particularly the demographic bottleneck model...
Large herbivores influence ecosystem functioning via their effects on vegetation at different spatial scales. It is often overlooked that the spatial distribution of large herbivores result from their responses to interacting top-down and bottom-up ecological gradients that create landscape-scale variation in the structure of the entire community....
Loggings in biodiversity hot-spots are perceived as very serious threat to forest species and habitats of high conservation interest. In this paper we scrutinize the spatial impacts of recent loggings in the Polish part of the renowned Białowieża Forest being the last remaining area of lowland temperate forest with a primeval character in Europe wi...
Drawing on a variety of methods including transects, camera traps, and snow-tracking, we report on effects of border infrastructure and militarization on wildlife in Białowieża Forest, a transboundary World Heritage site. Poster was presented at the 7th European Congress of Conservation Biology in July 2024 in Bologna, Italy.
To conserve biodiversity, it is imperative to maintain and restore sufficient amounts of functional habitat networks. Therefore, the location of the remaining forests with natural structures and processes over landscapes and large regions is a key objective. Here we integrated machine learning (Random Forest) and open landscape data to scan all for...
Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amo...
Many mesocarnivores are fossorial and use burrow systems to avoid predators. But fossorial animals cannot stay safely underground forever; they must also risk emerging overground to forage and find mates. To make this trade‐off effectively and maximise their own fitness, it is imperative they assess how risk varies in space and time and adapt their...
Camera trapping has revolutionized wildlife ecology and conservation by providing automated data acquisition, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of camera trap data worldwide. Although management and processing of camera trap‐derived Big Data are becoming increasingly solvable with the help of scalable cyber‐infrastructures, harmonizati...
Camera trapping has revolutionized wildlife ecology and conservation by enabling automated data acquisition, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of camera trap data worldwide (Steenweg et al. 2016, Kays et al. 2020, Delisle et al. 2021). Although management and processing of camera trap-derived big data are becoming increasingly solvable...
To conserve biodiversity, it is imperative to maintain and restore sufficient amounts of functional habitat networks. Hence, locating remaining forests with natural structures and processes over landscapes and large regions is a key task. We integrated machine learning (Random Forest) and open landscape data to scan all forest landscapes in Sweden...
Camera trapping has revolutionized wildlife ecology and conservation by providing automated data acquisition, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of camera trap data worldwide. Although management and processing of camera trap-derived Big Data are becoming increasingly solvable with the help of scalable cyber-infrastructures, harmonizati...
Historical conditions that provide a natural legacy for defining restoration targets are not applicable without adjusting these targets to expected future conditions. Prestoration approaches, defined as restoration that simultaneously considers past, present, and future conditions with a changing climate, are necessary to advance the protection of...
Large carnivores not only supress mesocarnivores via killing and instilling fear, but also facilitate them through carrion provisioning. Hence, mesocarnivores frequently face a trade-off between risk avoidance and food acquisition. Here we used the raccoon dog and red fox in Białowieża Forest, Poland as models for investigating how large carnivores...
Tree architectures reflect the main abiotic and biotic selection pressures determining tree growth and survival. Studies have shown that trees growing in herbivore‐dominated ecosystems, such as savannas, develop denser, more divaricate ‘cage’‐like architectures in response to chronic browsing pressure (also known as ‘brown world’ architectures). In...
Intact forest landscapes harbor significant biodiversity values and pools of ecosystem services essential for conservation, land use and rural development. Threatened by fragmentation and loss by transitions to industrial clear-cut forestry, those landscapes are of pivotal interest for protection that secures their intact character. With wall-to-wa...
Camera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and...
Camera trapping is one of the most important technologies in conservation and ecological research and a well-established, non-invasive method of collecting field data on animal abundance, distribution, behaviour, temporal activity, and space use (Wearn and Glover-Kapfer 2019). Collectively, camera trapping projects are generating a massive and cont...
Camera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and...
The natural and old-growth forests and their associated biodiversity continues to fade worldwide due to anthropogenic impact in various forms. The boreal forests in Fennoscandia have been subject to intensive clearfelling forestry since the middle of twentieth century. As a result, only a fraction of forests with long temporal continuity remains at...
Context
Ungulate prey can use increased vigilance to reduce their risk of predation, but little is known of the combined and interactive risk effects from humans and wolves in determining ungulate behaviour across time and space. Understanding the interplay between these risk effects is increasingly important, considering the recolonisation of seve...
Many medium‐sized carnivores are fossorial and use burrow systems to reduce predation risk or avoid predators. But fossorial species cannot stay safely underground forever, and they must also risk emerging overground, to forage and find mates. To make this trade‐off effectively and maximize their own fitness, it is imperative they assess how predat...
The drivers of animal settlement are core topics in ecology. Studies from primaeval habitats provide valuable but rare insights into natural settlement behaviour, where species are unconstrained by habitat fragmentation and modification. We examined whether territorial male songbirds (wood warblers Phylloscopus sibilatrix) exhibited clustered distr...
Context
As forest harvesting remains high, there is a crucial need to assess the remaining large, contiguous and intact forests, regionally, nationally and globally.
Objectives
Our objective was to analyze the spatial patterns and structural connectivity of intact and primary forests in northern Sweden with focus on the Scandinavian Mountain regio...
African swine fever (ASF) has been spreading in the Eurasian continent for more than 10 years now. Although the course of ASF in domestic pigs and its negative economic impact on the pork industry are well-known, we still lack a quantitative assessment of the impact of ASF on wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations under natural conditions. Wild boar is...
In Europe brown bears are currently largely confined to mountainous areas and eastern European refugia with sparse human populations. Poland typifies this distribution, with bears being present in the Carpathian Mountains, but absent from the lowlands. Recently large carnivore populations have been recovering throughout Europe, raising the question...
Ecology and conservation biology have recently become increasingly data intensive, mainly due to technological advances and the growing inter-disciplinary character.
However, a data-intensive science needs specific information infrastructure and tools to efficiently manage, integrate, share and (re)use massive amounts of data. An open source softwa...
Predation is a major selective pressure for prey; however, the stress response to predation risk and the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic stress factors in wild populations of animals have rarely been studied. We investigated the level of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) in 6 populations of red deer and roe deer exposed to...
Dorresteijn et al . [[1][1]] recently addressed the question what influence humans have on predator–prey interactions in human-modified landscapes. Their study follows increasing evidence from relatively natural landscapes that large carnivores are central drivers of ecosystem structure and
There is a growing evidence that members of animal groups synchronize their vigilance behavior to minimize predation risk.
Because synchronized vigilance deviates from the classical vigilance models, which assume independent scanning, it is important
to understand when and why it occurs. We explored vigilance behavior of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a...
Large carnivores can either directly infuence ungulate populations or indirectly afect their behaviour. Knowledge from European systems, in contrast to North American systems, on how this might lead to cascading efects on lower trophic levels is virtually absent. We studied whether wolves Canis lupus via density-mediated and behaviorally-mediated e...
Applying the GIS technologies, historical and contemporary cartographic materials, data coming from the forest inventory and indices of biomass state, the total biomass and biomass for individual layers of forest and non-forest phytocoenoses, the real and potential biomass was assessed, as well as current and potential carbon resources in that biom...