Jakob Skogseid

Equinor ASA, Norway

Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphic analysis can reveal how source-to-sink systems dynamically respond to climatic and tectonic forcing. This study uses seismic reflection data from the Norwegian Sea to investigate the stratigraphic response to a short-lived (0.2 Myr) period of climate change during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM),...

Sediment routing systems may be exposed to different external controls that can modulate long and short-term sediment delivery to nearby basins. Here we investigate a Paleocene depositional system offshore western Norway that was subjected to long-term (∼10 Myr) tectonic perturbation and significant hinterland erosion. Superimposed on this long-ter...

North America (NA) experienced pronounced changes in continental-scale drainage characterized by a reversal for much of the continental interior from north into the Canadian arctic to south into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) from the Mid-Cretaceous to the Paleocene. However, the driving mechanism for these profound drainage reorganizations remain unexpl...

Recent gravimetric and magnetic anomalies map covering the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), combined with regional 2D and local 3D seismic data provide means of identifying crustal kinematic markers and tectonics domains. A detailed map of the tectono-stratigraphic domains composing the margins bounding the Gulf of Mexico was built from detailed structural in...

The construction of onshore regional geological cross sections, combined with the interpretation of geological maps covering Mexico, recent gravimetric and magnetic anomaly maps and complemented with regional 2D and local 3D seismic data covering the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) provide means of identifying tectonic domains and kinematic markers. Markers w...

Enigmatic surface deflections occurred in North America starting from the Cretaceous, including the continental-scale drainage reorganization and the long-wavelength subsidence in the Western Interior Seaway. These surface undulations cannot be simply explained by sea-level change or flexure loading. Coinciding with the large-scale surface deflecti...

The stretched continental margins of the North Atlantic region record a plate kinematic history dominated by major episodes of extension since the Late Palaeozoic. Accounting for the restoration of this stretched continental crust across the region, and the subsequent derivation of plausible full-fit configurations between these continents, prior t...

The Taimyr fold-and-thrust belt records late Paleozoic compression, presumably related to Uralian orogenesis, overprinted by Mesozoic dextral strike-slip faulting. U-Pb detrital zircon analyses of 38 sandstones from southern Taimyr were conducted using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to investigate late Paleozoic to Meso...

The kinematic history of the South African (Kalahari) Plateau uplift during Meso-Cenozoic time is not well understood. Quantifying the terrigeneous sediment budget in its surrounding passive margin basins using a source to sink approach helps to figure out the evolution of this continental relief. In this study, we use data from 43 wells drilled in...

The Western Mediterranean area is characterized by a collage of small tectonic plates whose rotation was at the origin of the opening of back-arc basins and of the formation of the surrounding arcuate mountain belts. Multiple plate reconstruction models have been proposed for this region. Estimating the robustness and limitations of each model is i...

This paper presents the 4DPlates, an application designed to display high resolution data and reconstruct their positions in the geologic past. 4DPlates makes use of level of detail (LoD) grids with a 4–8 tree structure to store the data so only the required resolution for a particular viewpoint is used. This facility means that the user can intera...

Amongst the salient features of the margins of the South Atlantic are the deep Argentine Basin and the Elevated Passive Continental Margins of Northeast Brazil and Southern Africa. The origin and the age of this asymmetry of the margins of the South Atlantic are subject to debate. For instance, the amount of Cenozoic uplift in Southern Africa varie...

The rifted and transform margins created by the separation of Madagascar and Africa offer an opportunity to jointly investigate the structural and geodynamic evolution of conjugate continental passive margins. It is generally accepted that the continental breakup of Gondwana in the East African region began with the onset of the southward drift of...

Global plate models of the Afar Depression adopt a classic rift-rift-rift triple junction where the Arabian, Somali and Nubian (African) plates are separated by the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Main Ethiopian Rift. However, at the regional scale the kinematics are more complex due to stepping of the Red Sea (the SE-propagating Red Sea propagat...

The Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous rifting in the N and NE Atlantic region formed a system of spatially and temporally overlapping rift zones. In this period the Orphan and Jeanne d'Arc basins, off Newfoundland, developed as the southern extremity of the Rockall Trough, and was formed contemporaneously with the Newfoundland-Iberia conjugate marg...

With the increase of data availability and improved resolution on a global and regional scale from both public and private sources, the need to view and interpret these datasets in multiple dimensions has simultaneously grown. And it is no longer sufficient to only visualize data in 3 dimensions but to view, interpret and edit these dataset through...

The PLATES project at the University of Texas at Austin has compiled an extensive database which includes published marine magnetic anomalies, plate lineations derived from satellite gravity data, published paleomagnetic data, and geological and structural data. We will show a PC-based plate reconstruction program to illustrate the tectonics of the...

Over the past 30 years the Norwegian segment of the NE Atlantic continental margin has been a focus area for both continental margin research and hydrocarbon exploration. A gradually improving data coverage and quality, combined with an increasing number of people involved in interpretation and geological evaluation, has resulted in a more advanced...

New seismic data from the Orphan Basin, offshore Newfoundland, Canada, allowed interpretation of a shallow Moho beneath almost the entire basin. Two semi-parallel `central rift zones', characterized by particularly thin crust, indicate that sea-floor spreading may have been initiated. The stratigraphic relationships indicate that the first episode...

Convergence between Africa/Arabia and EurAsia (closure of Neo-Tethys) has been active since Cretaceous times forming the Zagros fold and thrust belt since the early Miocene. The region is characterized by intermediate seismicity, a probable detached subducting slab, a deep foreland basin, and an irregularly folded sedimentary cover. Despite extensi...

The Zagros fold and thrust belt was formed during the collision between the Africa/Arabia and Eurasian plates from Miocene times. Previous studies based on 2D and 3D gravity analyses propose a prominent crustal thickening beneath the Zagros orogen where the depth to Moho may exceed 50 km. These results are supported by modern tomographic studies, w...

The Late Cretaceous–Paleocene rifting in the NW Vøring Basin is characterized by four main fault complexes and pronounced upper-crustal structural segmentation. The fault complexes are linked by accommodation zones, which separate fault systems of different polarities and thick from thinner coeval sedimentary successions. Structural and stratigraph...

Rapid deposition of prograding sedimentary wedges on continental margins will cause excess pore pressure, fluid flow, and compaction as they load the substratum. They may also cause faulting and structural deformation in the sedimentary succession below and in front of the load. Large depositional units are in addition associated with pronounced is...

In this chapter we focus on mathematical and numerical models of coupled partial differential equations governing geological processes. We consider a model governing some of the fundamental space-time geological processes in sedimentary basins. The mathematical model couples fluid and heat transfer in time in a deforming porous medium. A finite ele...

Volcanic margins represent more than 50% of the dried passive margins around the world, and their formation is therefore a common phenomenon associated with continental breakup (Fig. 1). Together with large ocean plateaus and continental flood basalt provinces, volcanic margins are ascribed to Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), representing major cont...

Large-volume extrusive basaltic constructions have distinct morphologies and seismic properties depending on the eruption and emplacement environments. The presence and amount of water is of main importance, while local rift basin configuration, erosion, and resedimentation determine the overall geometry of the volcanic constructions. We have devel...

Deep seismic data from the Hatton-Rockall region, the mid-Norway margin and the SW Barents Sea provide images of the crustal structure that make it possible to estimate the relative amounts of crustal thinning for the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous and Maastrichtian-Paleocene NE Atlantic rift episodes. In addition, plate reconstructions illustrate the re...

Volcanic margins in the Atlantic Ocean reveal a series of common crustal units and structural features developed during continental extension and break-up. We suggest that four main crustal zones can be recognized on volcanic margins. This tectono-magmatic zonation implies a history of development where tectonic and magmatic styles and dimensions d...

The northern Vøring volcanic margin was initiated by late Campanian-Paleocene rifting, culminating with massive breakup-related igneous activity near the Paleocene-Eocene transition. Paleocene uplift of the central rift zone led to subaerial erosion and deposition in a restricted basin west of the Fles fault complex. The western source area was act...

High-quality seismic data document a Maastrichtian-Paleocene rift episode on the Vring margin lasting for 20 m.y. prior to continental breakup. The rift structures are well imaged in the Fenris Graben and Gjallar Ridge region in the western Vring Basin, and are characterized by low-angle detachment faults with variable fault geometries from south t...

Two end members of passive margin types are present on the Namibia margin: volcanic and non-volcanic. The central and southern parts of the Namibia margin feature characteristic volcanic margin elements such as thickened initial oceanic crust, seaward dipping reflectors, and high-velocity/density lower crust that extends beneath the rift zone that...

Three fields of sea floor piercing diapiric structures, the Vema, Vigrid and Vivian diapir fields, exist on the marginal Vøring Plateau, where individual structures rise as much as 150 m above the sea floor. The large Vema diapir field lies over two major arch structures, the Vema and Naglfar domes, whereas the Vigrid diapir field is located above...

The Early Cretaceous South Atlantic continental break-up and initial sea-floor spreading were accompanied by large-scale, transient volcanism emplacing the Parana-Etendeka continental flood basalts and voluminous extrusive constructions on the conjugate margins south of the Torres Arch-Abutment Plateau. On the North Namibia margin we interpret four...

The northern North Sea -mid-Nornegian margin have experienced three episodes of lithosphere extension from Permo-Triassic through Tertiary times, of which the latest event led to crustal break-up and accretion of oceanic crust in the North Atlantic in late Paleocene-early Eocene. The sedimentary basins off Norway, therefore, represent a post-Caledo...

A large number of passive margins world wide are associated with a magmatic overprint. Magmatism has important consequences for vertic al movements, up lift and erosion, heat flow and temperature histories and thus maturation of organic matter.

The Plio-Pleistocene wedge off mid Norway is characterized by a pronounced increase in sonic velocities versus depth. At its base, a velocity inversion of ∼ 0.55 km s−1 exists with respect to the underlying unit. We propose that the inversion may be a result of the stage margin evolution, in which both the pre-depositional physiography of the margi...

New deep seismic profiles and velocity measurements on the mid-Norway margin image the crustal structure and provide data for estimating the tectono-magmatic dimensions of the Late CretaceousPaleocene rift episode which terminated with complete lithospheric separation and massive igneous activity during breakup and initial sea floor spreading. The...

Volcanic margins are part of a tectono-magmatic system in which the margin fonnation depends on lithospheric and asthenospheric properties before, during and after continental breakup. Whether a volcanic margin develops or not, i.e. the relative magnitude of magmatism during breakup, depends on the temperature and fluid content of the asthenosphere...

The distribution of Cenozoic subsidence across Northeast Atlantic volcanic margins have been evaluated to define the width of the rift zone and magnitude of extensional deformation. The subsidence profiles are corrected for the effects of lower-crustal magmatic bodies emplaced during continental break-up. The dimensions of the bodies have been deri...

Structurally, the North Atlantic margins are characterized by Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary extension, developing predominantly rifted segments south of the Greenland–Senja Fracture Zone, and by oblique extension and wrenching leading to large sheared margin segments further north. The rifted segments document an intense, transient volcanic phase...

The post-Caledonian history of the Voring Basin has been examined by tectonic subsidence and a uniform lithosphere extension model. The study is based on depth converted seismic reflection lines integrated with seismic velocities and well data. Tectonic subsidence calculated for the pre-Cretaceous, Cretaceous and Cenozoic time intervals shows that...

The temporal and spatial relationships of tectonic and magmatic features on the Vøring volcanic margin show that continental break-up occurred in association with significant magmatic activity about 18 Ma after initiation of lithospheric extension. From the distribution of extension across the margin and the volumes of melt produced, a thermal anom...

The early Tertiary Vøring margin, off central Norway, records several distinct uplift events that have strongly influenced the deposition and composition of Cenozoic sediments and may be linked with climatic change. The events constitute two types, uplift as a precursor to the opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and subsequent intraplate deforma...

Extensive geophysical surveys have been undertaken on the volcanic passive continental margin offshore Norway between 62° and 70°N during the last 25 years. Three main margin segments have been identified, the Lofoten-Vesteralen Margin, the Vøring Margin and the Møre Margin. The main features of the margins are prominent marginal highs, including s...

Most Quaternary sediments in North America north of 45 ON post-date the last deglaciation. This volume looks at those extensive deposits from the standpoints of timing, cause, and mechanism of the wastage of North American ice during the last deglaciation and the accompanying environmental changes in the nonglaciated and deglaciated areas. It parti...

Seismic sections and ODP drilling information at the Voring Plateau volcanic passive margin have provided the framework for modelling the generation of basaltic magma and uplift associated with the early Tertiary rifting event. A simple uniform lithosphere stretching model of subsidence, incorporating partial melting in the upper mantle, accounts f...

The Voring Basin was structured by Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous extension and subsequent subsidence in the Cretaceous. It is divided into two basin provinces by the Molde-Bodo high. The opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea during the early Tertiary was preceded by uplift of the outer Voring Basin accompanied by extensional listric faulting in t...

The final continental break-up between Greenland and Norway which took place during the late Palaeocene/early Eocene was accompanied by extensive subaerial volcanism along parts of the plate boundary lasting for about 3 My. Subsequent subsidence and change to normal seafloor spreading have left behind marginal highs partly underlain by seaward-dipp...

Two main tectonic phases were responsible for the formation of the Jan Mayen Ridge microcontinent: (1) the opening of the Norway Basin in late Palaeocene/early Eocene times, and (2) subsequent rifting within the Greenland margin by which complete separation was achieved in early Miocene times. During the first phase the eastern ridge flank develope...

Multichannel seismic profiles at the Vøring Plateau Margin off Norway and the northern Jan Mayen Ridge have provided a framework for the early Tertiary evolutionary history of these areas which were adjacent prior to the opening of the Norwegian Sea. We propose that their Paleogene evolution is quite similar and that the two acoustic basement refle...