Jakob Erdmann

• Dr. rer. nat.
• Research Associate at German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Microscopic traffic simulation tools provide ever-increasing value in the design and implementation of motor vehicle transport systems. Research and development of automated and intelligent technologies have highlighted the usefulness of simulation tools and development efforts have accelerated in recent years. However, the majority of traffic simu...

One of the potential capabilities of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) is that they can have different route choice behavior and driving behavior compared to human Driven Vehicles (HDVs). This will lead to mixed traffic flow with multiple classes of route choice behavior. Therefore, it is crucial to solve the multiclass Traffic Assignment Pr...

Die Verkehrssimulation SUMO bildet eine zentrale Komponente des KI-gestützten Assistenzsystems "KI-DISPO" der Deutschen Bahn.

The paper describes a novel approach to modelling traffic light control in SUMO with control logic configured in xml inputs. It shows also, that this approach allows for high fidelity replication of a real-world traffic controller by comparing original and simulated switching behavior when confronted with the same traffic situations. The approach c...

User equilibrium (UE) and system optimal (SO) are among the essential principles for solving the traffic assignment problem. Many studies have been performed on solving the UE and SO traffic assignment problem; however, the majority of them are either static (which can lead to inaccurate predictions due to long aggregation intervals) or analytical...

When following a vehicle, drivers change their acceleration at so called action-points (AP), and keep it constant in between them. By investigating a large data-set of car-following data, the state- and time-distributions of the APs is analyzed. In the state-space spanned by speed-difference and distance to the lead vehicle, this distribution of AP...

In this paper, we define a workflow and a toolchain to support fast mobility scenario prototyping based on open data and open-source software. SAGA is an activity-based multi-modal mobility scenario generator for the Simulation ofUrban MObiltiy (SUMO). Starting from an OpenStreetMap (OSM) file, SAGA extracts the data required to build an amulti-mod...

The paper describes a novel approach to modelling traffic light control in SUMO with control logic configured in xml inputs. It shows also, that this approach allows for high fidelity replication of a real-world traffic controller by comparing original and simulated switching behavior when confronted with the same traffic situations. The approach c...

When following a vehicle, drivers change their acceleration at so called action-points (AP), and keep it constant in between them. By investigating a large data-set of car-following data, the state- and time-distributions of the APs is analyzed. In the state-space spanned by speed-difference and distance to the lead vehicle, this distribution of AP...

This paper presents a general simulation scenario with SUMO of the City of Brunswick, Germany, was set up using traffic network data from OSM and the traffic demand from TAPAS (TAPAS 2017). In this paper the developed simulation scenario is published for other researchers to use and extend. A simulation scenario has been set up and evaluated. The d...

In this paper, we define a workflow and a toolchain to support fast mobility scenario prototyping based on open data and open-source software. SAGA is an activity-based multi-modal mobility scenario generator for the Simulation of Urban MObiltiy (SUMO). Starting from an OpenStreetMap (OSM) file, SAGA extracts the data required to build a multi-moda...

Das Ziel des Projektes Rail2X - "Smart Services" ist die Erprobung der Kommunikationstechnik Vehicle-2-Everything (V2X) im Bahnbereich, in dem drei Anwendungsfälle im Feld aufgebaut und demonstriert werden. Ein Big-Data-Cluster bestehend aus diversen Open-Source-Big-Data-Technologien wurde aufgebaut, um Daten aus den Anwendungsfällen zu speichern,...

Urban mobility is changing and needs to change in order to meet future social requirements in terms of efficient and comfortable transport as well as reduced air pollution and noise. Moreover, climate change leads to an urgent need of reducing the CO2 emissions of transport in general. In this context, electric mobility and car sharing are just two...

Nowadays, in every industry sector, processes and systems are being automated and digitalized. Not only processes, but also the availability of free data sets over open data portals such as the mCloud in Germany is creating diverse new possibilities in correlating different data for creating new knowledge. The railway sector is also being directly...

SUMO2019:Editor's Preface This volume contains the papers presented at the SUMO Conference 2019 Simulating Connected Urban Mobility. The conference was held in Berlin from 13-15 May 2019. The goal of the conference was to present new results in the field of mobility simulation and modelling using traffic tools and data which are open available.Ther...

The co-ordination between traffic signals is assumed to be important for the good organization of a transport system. By using an artificial approach to create and analyze a multitude of transportation systems, a few different simple traffic signals programs has been put to the test and compared to each other. The result is that a well co-ordinated...

The SUMO version 1.2 and successive bring a great amount of new features relative to the edition of Demand Elements in NETEDIT. After comparing two design possibilities, an independent editor called TrafficEdit, or the extension of NETEDIT to support the demand elements, this second option was chosen.

In the last decade, many efforts to solve traffic congestion and sustainable growth issues are going in the direction of research and investments in smart cities and consequently, smart mobility. We use the proposed simulation framework is compatible with SUMO 1.2.0. We use it to study multi-modal commuting and parking optimization issues in a sta...

Bicycle traffic is becoming an increasingly important part of urban traffic. Thus, the simulation and accurate representation of bicycle traffic in microscopic traffic simulation software is gaining importance. As bicycle traffic increases, dedicated bicycle infrastructure is designed to accommodate bicycle traffic. Especially at intersections, the...

We collectively decided that investing in smart cities, and consequently smart mobility, is the appropriate direction to solve traffic congestion and sustainable growth issues. Among the problems linked to traffic congestion, we find the complexity of efficient multi-modal commuting and the eventual search of a parking spot. Ideally, mobility shoul...

Microscopic traffic simulation is an invaluable tool for traffic research. In recent years, both the scope of research and the capabilities of the tools have been extended considerably. This article presents the latest developments concerning intermodal traffic solutions, simulator coupling and model development and validation on the example of the...

Bei der Beantwortung komplexer Forschungsfragen oder der Bewertung neuer Technologien stoßen analytische Verfahren und kommerzielle Simulationswerkzeuge schnell an ihre Grenzen. Die freie und offene Verkehrssimulationsplattform SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) kann diese Lücke schließen. Durch die Erweiterung der Software von einer ursprünglich...

Zeitschriftenbeitrag zum Projekt VITAL mit Erläuterung der zwei im DLR entwickelten Ampelsteuerverfahren. Weiterhin Vorstellung der ersten Ergebnisse aus den Feldtest an realen LSA-Kreuzungen in Braunschweig und Halle/Saale.

Primary research questions: - How will urban traffic and mobility behavior of people in a city like Berlin change until 2040 depending on societal and political trends and priorities? - Which effects can be expected from technological innovations such as e-mobility? - How will car-sharing evolve in terms of the modal split?

Urban mobility is changing and needs to change in order to meet future social requirements in terms of efficient and comfortable transport as well as reduced air pollution and noise. Moreover, climate change leads to an urgent need of reducing the CO2 emissions of transport in general. In this context, electric mobility and car sharing are just two...

SUMO is a suite of tools that are in constant evolution. Any new feature implemented in SUMO has its counterpart in the rest of SUMO apps (NETEDIT, NETGEN, POLYCONVERT, etc.) and the Route elements are not an exception. Currently there are two possible approaches to the creation of Route elements in a visual and interactive way: An expansion of NET...

This paper describes the validation of Chinese driver models in SUMO that enables a Chinese traffic simulation in the ChAoS framework. For validation a multi-level-concept is used, meaning that microscopic and macroscopic parameters are used. The results are discussed with respect to the characteristics of Chinese traffic, especially the improvemen...

We present an algorithm which calculates a list of routes in a street network, approximating the flows given on the streets by traffic counts. We prove optimality with respect to maximizing the flows treating the counts as constraints and show that the algorithm can cope very well with missing data using a real motorway example.

Proper travel demand models aim to create an equilibrium between expected travel times in the planning phase and simulated travel times after mapping the road traffic on the road network. While agent-based travel demand models (ABM) focus on the trip generation mainly based on pre-calculated travel times, traffic flow models simulate these trips an...

The human behaviors during evacuations are quite complex. One of the critical behaviors which affect the efficiency (performance) of evacuation is route choice. Therefore, the respective simulation modeling work needs to function properly. In this paper, SUMO's current dynamic route modeling during evacuation, i.e. the rerouting functions, is exami...

This journal contains the proceedings of the SUMO Conference 2018 – Simulating Autonomous and Intermodal Transport Systems. The conference was held form 14. until 16.May 2018 in Berlin. The aim of the conference is to present new and unique results in the field of mobility simulation and modelling using openly available tools and data. Traffic simu...

Verification is a critical step in the development of new Software, especially for Software that requires a Graphical User Interface (GUI) as well as a high grade of reliability. Currently, there exist several private and free tools for automating software testing, but only a small number of them support GUI Testing and only for certain GUI-Framewo...

This work presents a comparison of the micro-simulation tool SUMO with one scenario taken from a the German version of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) (1), the Handbook for the Dimensioning of Highways (HBS) (2). The HBS defines fundamental diagrams for a number of freeway scenarios which are used in the planning process of Germany’s roads. Altho...

Traffic signal control logic programs are analyzed and tested in traffic fow simulators before being put into operation in real traffic road intersections. LISA+ is a proprietary software tool used to plan and evaluate complex intersections and the control logic programs created with it can be directly uploaded to real controllers or tested with VI...

This paper describes the extension and the calibration of a driver model in SUMO that enables a situation adaptive driver behavior for lane changing and merging processes. The extensions are tailored to improve the representation of Chinese traffic dynamics but are expected to yield improvements for other regions of the world as well. To design and...

This work presents a comparison of the micro-simulation tool SUMO with one scenario taken from a the German version of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) [1], the Handbook for the Dimensioning of Highways (HBS) [2]. The HBS defines fundamental diagrams for a number of freeway scenarios which are used in the planning process of Germany's roads. Altho...

This volume contains the proceedings of the SUMO Conference 2017 which was held from 8th to 10th May 2017 with a focus on autonomous mobility. In the current transition process traffic simulation is the only tool which can give us insights in the mechanisms of traffic in largely automatized traffic scenarios. SUMO as an open source tool provides a...

Microscopic models of traffic demand and traffic flow have reached a maturity which allows their usage for investigating large-scale effects of measures and/or developments. In microscopic models, every participant is described individually by a set of attributes. Demand models use attributes such as the age, employment state, sex, home location, a...

The traffic simulation software SUMO supports the simulation of various kinds of network infrastructure such as bus stops, traffic detectors and variable speed signs. This network infrastructure is configured with various parameters in regard to its location and functionality. So far, the definition and customization of these infrastructure objects...

In this paper, an evacuation scenario, based on the real bomb alert case in Brunswick on 20. July 2015, is modelled with SUMO. This is done to assess the capabilities of SUMO for modelling traffic during an evacuation with a special focus on dynamic route choices. Two influence factors (1) time to get information (2) probability to cancel a trip ar...

This paper describes a new simulation framework assisting the development of ADAS optimized for Chinese traffic. The framework couples the traffic simulators SUMO and VTD to combine different scales and fidelities. SUMO focuses on traditional European and American traffic, making it necessary to implement, calibrate and validate new traffic models....

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Trans- portation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. – DLR) and from his environment. We...

The raising of awareness about air pollution has brought about legislative regulations that force local administrations to keep the concentrations of certain pollutants under the formulated thresholds. A large variety of measures have been implemented to reduce road traffic’s emissions on the local level, but the observed results are not always sat...

This paper reports on a simulation-based test of two new single intersection control algorithms and the methods to be used to get the needed input data for the two new methods. It also demonstrates, that the new methods have the promise of improving the currently used conventional method by 15% – 28% on average. Although the results so far are base...

Emission modelling is one of the key applications of traffic simulation because it allows for the detailed evaluation of ITS and other traffic measures before implementation. In order to assess the outcomes correctly it becomes necessary to compare the different emission and traffic models for their applicability to different scenarios. This paper...

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Transportation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR) and from his environment. We ar...

Walking is the most natural way of human mobility. The microscopic simulation package SUMO has supported an intermodal person-based simulation including pedestrian since 2010 (version 0.12.0). However, movements along a road were resembled using a linear interpolation only and pedestrian dynamics at an intersection were not modelled at all. Within...

SUMO is an open source microscopic traffic simulation. A major component of modelling microscopic vehicle behavior is the lane-changing behavior on multi-lane roads. We describe a new model which uses a 4-layered hierarchy of motivations to determine the vehicle behavior during every simulation step and motivate in which ways it improves the curren...

SUMO is an open source microscopic traffic simulation. A major component of modelling microscopic vehicle behavior is the lane-changing behavior on multi-lane roads. We describe a new model which uses a 4-layered hierarchy of motivations to determine the vehicle behavior during every simulation step and motivate in which ways it improves the curren...

Besides basic models for longitudinal and lateral movement, a traffic simulation needs also models and algorithms for right-of-way rules. This publi-cation describes how passing an intersection is modeled within SUMO, includ-ing a description of an earlier and the currently used model.

The trajectory matching problem refers to matching vehicle tracking data (trajectories) to the sequence of road segments taken by the vehicle driving through a road network. In order to test and compare algorithms which attempt to solve this problem, a ground truth is needed. We explain how SUMO can be used to create synthetic trajectories which ar...

The deliverable comprises a state-of-the-art outline of pedestrian modeling. It covers the implementation of pedestrian and bicycle traffic in the traffic simulation SUMO.

SUMO is an open source microscopic traffic simulation. A major component of modelling microscopic vehicle behavior is the lane-changing behavior on multi-lane roads. We describe a new model which uses a 4-layered hierarchy of motivations to determine the vehicle behavior during every simulation step and motivate in which ways it improves the curren...

This text gives a short account on DLR’s open source micro-simulation tool SUMO. It does so mostly by reporting some of the applications cases that had been performed with the help of SUMO. These application cases show that SUMO is a very versatile, timely, and mature research tool which nevertheless is continuously developed further.

Being available since 2002, the open source traffic simulation SUMO has gained a state of being accepted by a large community. Albeit SUMO allows to model inter-modal trip chains for individually simulated persons it still lacks models for the dynamics of pedestrians and bicycles as well as for the interaction between these traffic modes and motori...

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Transportation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR) and from his environment. We ar...

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Transportation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR) and from his environment. We ar...

Präsentation des Projekts VITAL (Verkehrsabhängig intelligente Steuerung von Lichtsignalanlagen)

Verkehrsadaptive Steuerverfahren liefern einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Verkehrsflusses an Lichtsignalanlagen (LSA). Dem gegenüber steht das Konzept der Ampelassistenz (Green-Light-Optimal-Speed-Advisory, GLOSA) welches mittels Fahrzeug-Infrastruktur-Kommunikation (V2I) die Verkehrssicherheit und Energieeffizienz erhöht. Wir zeigen wi...

SUMO ermöglicht intermodale Simulation. Jedoch ist die Fußgängerdynamik momentan stark vereinfacht.

We introduce the AGLOSA algorithm (pat. pending) which combines an adaptive control algorithm (A) with Green-Light- Optimal-Speed-Advisory (GLOSA) to achieve near-optimal control for a single junction. The central issue which must be resolved to allow this combination is the need for stable signal plans by GLOSA versus the instability caused by ada...

We introduce the AGLOSA algorithm (pat. pending) which combines an adaptive control algorithm (A) with Green-Light- Optimal-Speed-Advisory (GLOSA) to achieve near-optimal control for a single junction. The central issue which must be resolved to allow this combination is the need for stable signal plans by GLOSA versus the instability caused by ada...

Besides basic models for longitudinal and lateral movement, a traffic simulation needs also models and algorithms for right-of-way rules. This publication describes how passing an intersection is modeled within SUMO, including a description of an earlier and the currently used model.

Besides basic models for longitudinal and lateral movement, a traffic simulation needs also models and algorithms for right-of-way rules. This publication describes how passing an intersection is modeled within SUMO, including a description of an earlier and the currently used model.

Within the project VABENE a decision support system for public transport management authorities to estimate the impact of different traffic management strategies is developed. To identify critical traffic states on an early stage, the traffic situation is monitored continuously, and a forecast of the development of the traffic situation in the upco...

Neben einer möglichst real wirkenden Darstellung der durchfahrenen Szene benötigen Fahr-simulatoren ein Modell des den Fahrer umgebenden Verkehrs. Eine viele Vorteile bietende Realisierung ist die Anbindung des Fahrsimulators an eine mikroskopische Verkehrsflusssi-mulation. Wir stellen an der Verkehrsflusssimulation SUMO durchgeführte Erweiterungen...

SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including the simulation application itself as well as supporting tools, mainly for network import and demand modeling. SUMO helps to investigate a large variety of research topics, mainly in the context of traffic management and vehicular communications. We describe the current state of the package...

Die kalibrierung einer mikroskopschen Verkehrssimulation mit makroskopischen Verkehrsdaten bietet eine Reihe von Freiheitsgraden. Die vorgestellten Methodik eine fahrzeuggenau Kalibrierung bei minimaler Störung des vorliegenden Verkehrsablaufs. Zudem wird eine Methode vorgestellt um bei der Kalibrierung, durch Netzstörungen bedingte Simulationsfehl...

Die kalibrierung einer mikroskopschen Verkehrssimulation mit makroskopischen Verkehrsdaten bietet eine Reihe von Freiheitsgraden. Die vorgestellten Methodik eine fahrzeuggenau Kalibrierung bei minimaler Störung des vorliegenden Verkehrsablaufs. Zudem wird eine Methode vorgestellt um bei der Kalibrierung, durch Netzstörungen bedingte Simulationsfehl...

The deployment of vehicular communications (V2X) opens the field for a large variety of new applications which aim at improving traffic safety and traffic efficiency. One of the most prominent ones is GLOSA – Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory. This V2X-based driver assistance system suggests a speed which allows to pass the next traffic light at...

The deployment of vehicular communications (V2X) opens the field for a large variety of new applications which aim at improving traffic safety and traffic efficiency. One of the most prominent ones is GLOSA – Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory. This V2X-based driver assistance system suggests a speed which allows to pass the next traffic light at...

SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including net import and demand modeling components. We describe the current state of the package as well as future developments and extensions. SUMO helps to investigate several research topics e.g. route choice and traffic light algorithm or simulating vehicular communication. Therefore the framew...

It is shown how the traffc simulation SUMO which traditionally focused on individual road traffc could be extended to serve the purpose of a general traffic simulation (including transport of individual persons) while retaining most of in- and output formats and the performance of the original system.

Games are an important part of mankind’s cultural heritage. Board games such as go and backgammon are thousands of years old, yet they still have an enthusiastic following. The fact that more than a thousand new board games are published each year underlines the public interest in game playing. One of many properties, used to classify and discuss g...

The distinction between games of chance and games of skill is not well-defined at present. We introduce the concept of chanciness for non-deterministic two-player zero-sum games with sequential moves and perfect information. Chanciness quantifies how strongly a game is influenced by chance events. We demonstrate that the relative influence of chanc...

Kurzfassung Die Vorgänge bei der Erstarrung von Metallschmelzen sind mitbestimmend für die Qualität industrieller Werkstoffe und werden daher im Rahmen der Material-wissenschaften erforscht. Die Simulation der Strukturen, die sich beim Erstarren bilden, sogenannter Dendriten, ist allerdings sehr rechnenaufwändig. Um die Rechenleistung der bestehend...

We present the design and multi-cluster capable parallelization of a materials science simulation for dendrite growth in cooling metal melts. It uses a combined cellular automaton and differential equation approach to model the solidification process in an efficient way, even for large instances. But still, running times are prohibitively long on a...

The distinction between games of chance and games of skill is not well-defined at present. We in- troduce the concept of chanciness for non-deterministic two-player zero-sum games with sequential moves and perfect information. chanciness quantifies how strongly a game is influenced by chance events. We demonstrate that the relative influence of cha...