Jaison Jeevanandam

University of Madeira | UMA · Centro de Química da Madeira

Agricultural waste has emerged as a pressing concern for numerous countries worldwide. While these wastes may be less toxic compared to other forms of waste, their volume poses a significant challenge. They can encroach upon valuable agricultural lands, encumber forests, and even infiltrate residential areas due to their extensive production. Moreo...

Short amino acid chains known as peptides are widely used in pharmaceutical applications due to their exclusive therapeutic potential and distinct biological activities. These peptides are utilized as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various medical conditions and diseases, peptide hormones for hormone deficiency treatment, peptide vaccines...

Featured Application: This review explores an innovative approach to combating resistance to breast cancer through the application of nanotechnology. Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) ranks among the most diagnosed solid tumors worldwide. For decades, significant research efforts have been dedicated to finding selective treatments for these solid tumors...

Cellulose, the most common organic natural polymer, is mainly found in cotton fiber (90%) and wood (40–50%). It possesses good mechanical strength, bioreactivity, bioavailability, and biocompatibility. Cellulosic materials are widely used in biomedical applications as an alternative to conventional synthetic polymers. Particularly, nanocellulosic m...

Recently, several global ailments are tedious to cure attributing to lesser to virtually nonexistent effective drug delivery mechanisms. Aptamers have been identified to serve as a better molecular probe than antibodies in analytical scenarios due to their unique characteristics, such as specific binding ability, size, biocompatibility, low immunog...

Biosensors are analytical devices for detecting a wide range of targets, including cells, proteins, DNA, enzymes, and chemical and biological compounds. They mostly rely on using bioprobes with a high binding affinity to the target for specific detection. However, low specificity and effectiveness of the conventional biosensors has led to the searc...

Proteins are essential for various functions such as brain activity and muscle contraction in humans. Even though food is a source of proteins, the bioavailability of proteins in most foods is usually limited due to matrix interaction with other biomolecules. Thus, it is essential to extract these proteins and provide them as a nutraceutical supple...

In recent years, the global population has increased significantly, resulting in elevated levels of pollution in waterways. Organic pollutants are a major source of water pollution in various parts of the world, with phenolic compounds being the most common hazardous pollutant. These compounds are released from industrial effluents, such as palm oi...

The present work aims to prepare copper-doped MgO nanoparticles via a sol-gel approach and study their antidiabetic alpha-amylase inhibition activity with undoped MgO nanoparticles. The ability of G5 amine-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer for the controlled release of copper-doped MgO nanoparticles to exhibit alpha-amylase inhibition act...

Nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles have emerged as promising nanocarriers for the target-specific delivery and improved bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Janus particles, with two distinct regions exhibiting different physical and chemical properties, provide a unique platform for the simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs or tissue-specifi...

This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the potential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors associated with the ons...

Researchers have mimicked nature and biological organisms to form carbon nanostructures with specific properties and novel morphologies. The design has been inspired by, for example, the nanosized fibers in leaves and nanostructures in insects, animals, and birds. Further, biomolecules extracted from microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, and fun...

Janus particles have emerged as a novel and smart material that could improve pharmaceutical formulation, drug delivery, and theranostics. Janus particles have two distinct compartments that differ in functionality, physicochemical properties, and morphological characteristics, among other conventional particles. Recently, Janus particles have attr...

The quest to identify potential alternatives and replacements for conventional cancer treatment methods has led to the investigation of natural-based sources for cancer treatment. Among various natural-based sources, plants are heralded as sustainable biological sources containing active components, such as phytochemicals, polysaccharides, vitamins...

The synthesis of nanomaterials plays a crucial role in determining their properties for desired applications. In general, nanomaterial synthesis approaches are classified into physical, chemical, or biological methods, depending on the type of reducing agent utilized for the formation of nanosized particles. Biological approaches rely on the use of...

A phytochemical-based approach has recently been a preferred choice among researchers for the synthesis of different nanoparticle types, such as metallic, carbon-based, polymeric, ceramic, and composites. It can be noted that the phytochemicals extracted from plants, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and alkaloids, along with proteins and po...

Chitin (β-(1–4)-poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) has been identified as one of the most numerous natural polysaccharides after cellulose, that is widely disseminated in nature. It has numerous utilization in the biomedical section where it is converted into its deacetylated derivative, i.e., chitosan. Chitosan and chitin have very similar properties th...

Next Generation Nanochitosan: Applications in Animal Husbandry, Aquaculture and Food Conservation provides comprehensive and state-of-the-art-information on the application of nanochitosan for improving products, especially for the evaluation of biological active molecules, disease therapeutics, transport vehicle for DNA, targeted drug delivery, ge...

Peptides are short sequences of proteins consisting of two or more amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. Peptide-based designs and drug deliveries can offer several advantages, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive activities, along with immunomodulatory and antithrombotic properties, with hormone or drug-like potential. Pept...

2020 and 2021 were disastrous years across the world, with the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) virus as a pandemic, which continues to be a top global health issue. There are still many countries and regions struggling to fight coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and, with the emergence of the various...

Recently, the concern towards dye contamination in the aquatic environment has been identified to be crucial in environmental pollution. Elimination of dye contaminants has gained significant attention among researchers due to their potential deleterious risk to human health and the ecosystem. Among the treatment technologies for dye removal from t...

Nanomaterials are widely used as biosensors and to fabricate rapid detection kits in recent times for the effective detection of infectious diseases. Currently, the world is facing the pandemic situation due to the transmission of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which lead to COVID-19 and has infected about five million people across t...

Stability of antioxidant compounds (AC) is always a challenging aspect in the food industry. AC, by nature, can be easily degraded under exposure of different parameters, predominantly high temperature during food processing. The thermal degradation of AC greatly impedes their nutritional values. However, it is rather surprising that only little at...

Applications of Nanotechnology in Drug Discovery and Delivery, in the Drug Discovery Update series, presents complete coverage of the application of nanotechnology in the discovery of new drugs and efficient target delivery of drugs. The book highlights recent advances of nanotechnology applications in the biomedical sciences, starting with chapter...

In the original version of this book, the initial of one of the co-author’s name was incorrectly published as M. Deepak which should have been published as S. Deepak. The author’s correct name has now been updated in this revised version of the book.

Over the past decade, nanotechnology has been developed and employed across various entities. Among the numerous nanostructured material types, enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials have shown great potential in various fields, as an alternative to biologically derived as well as synthetically developed hybrid structures. The mechanism of incorporating...

s The world population is projected to increase drastically to 9 billion in the year 2050. Therefore, there is a need to search sustainable means of meeting the food to needs of the ever growing population. The application of agricultural pesticides leads to high level of pesticides residue on agricultural food commodities and development of resist...

The application of biosurfactants has been observed to be most widely utilized in different industrial sectors including food and agriculture, medical and for environmental rejuvenation. Therefore, as effective mass production of biosurfactants as sustainable biomolecules depends largely on their ease of production on a large economic scale, the us...

Surfactants derived from beneficial microorganisms most especially from uncultivated soil have been identified as unique with high level of acceptability and utilization in different fields. This uniqueness could be linked to their high level of preparation, lower level of toxicity, specificity, digestibility, biodegradability, ecofriendly, nontoxi...

Nanogenerators represent a domain that exploits displacement current as the principal facilitator for the operational conversion of mechanical or thermal energy into electrical signal or power, via the assistance of a nanomaterial. These nanogenerators can be widely categorized into piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric generators, dependi...

A wide array of biomedical applications, extending from the fabrication of implant materials to targeted drug delivery, can be attributed to polymers. The utilization of chemical monomers to form polymers, such as polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene, can provide high mechanical stability to them and they can be utilized for diverse electro...

In recent times, nanomaterials with semiconductor properties are introduced as a potential transducer in biosensors, which can be credited to their intrinsic, elevated surface-to-volume proportion, enhanced sensitivity, and improved surface properties. The surface properties of nanomaterials have made them a significant transducer matrix towards th...

To date, a wide range of biological fabrication strategies have been employed toward nanomaterial synthesis, with a mainstream objective of alleviating their toxicity levels toward humans and the environment. This represents the predominant factor, which has eventually facilitated the concenptualization and evolution of bionanomaterials to a great...

Mosquitoes are notable vectors of various diseases, including dengue, malaria, filariasis and yellow fever. Conventional mosquito repellents or mosquitocidal agents are synthesized via chemicals that have exhibited adverse toxicity towards humans and the environment with several limitations. In recent times, nanomaterials are introduced as a potent...

Green synthesis approaches are gaining significance as promising routes for the sustainable preparation of nanoparticles, offering reduced toxicity towards living organisms and the environment. Nanomaterials produced by green synthesis approaches can offer additional benefits, including reduced energy inputs and lower production costs than traditio...

Recently, a wide range of biomolecules have received exhaustive research focus, to be utilized as potential chemotherapeutic agents, with enhanced cancer or microbe-infected cell inhibition ability without a significant toxicity, as well as other deleterious side effects. Biomolecular extracts of microbes and plants are identified to be beneficial,...

Numerous viral infections are common among humans, and some can lead to death. Even though conventional antiviral agents are beneficial in eliminating viral infections, they may lead to side effects or physiological toxicity. Silver nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been demonstrated to possess inhibitory properties against several pathogenic m...

Enhanced antimicrobial drug resistance, virulence, pathogenicity, contagiousness, and lifestyle-associated factors have led to various health-related syndromes. These syndromes require the urgent intervention of new chemotherapeutic agents as it can lead to significant mortality among different age groups of the global population. Recent advancemen...

Nanomaterials are becoming important materials in several fields and industries thanks to their very reduced size and shape-related features. Scientists think that nanoparticles and nanostructured materials originated during the Big Bang process from meteorites leading to the formation of the universe and Earth. Since 1990, the term nanotechnology...

Biological macromolecules have been recently recommended as potential natural antidiabetic agents for the treatment of various types of diabetes. Generally, larger molecules that are made up of smaller organic molecules and necessary for living organisms are considered as biological macromolecules. These macromolecules can be broadly classified as...

Assessment of food quality is an important feature in novel food products development process. This is because quality has implications for safety, nutritional contents, traceability, and market value of foods. However, due to the biochemical complexities of food products, it has become important that advanced analytical tools relating to proteomic...

Peroxidase is a ubiquitous enzyme secreted in plants, animals, and humans. The main function of this enzyme is to break down toxic hydrogen peroxide that is formed as a byproduct while using oxygen during respiration. Peroxidase enzymes are used to degrade and reduce high hydrogen peroxide concentration levels that can inactivate host cells. Furthe...

Bionanomaterials are identified as a perfect replacement, in the quest for the search of an alternative to toxic conventional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Bionanomaterials are the nanomaterials that are fabricated via biomolecules or encapsulate or immobilize a conventional nanomaterial with a biomolecule. The biomolecules extracted f...

Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids or peptides that can be synthetically generated to bind specific target molecules and are beneficial for the development of macromolecular drugs. They are generated by iterative selection from a large random sequence pool. Aptamers uniquely bind to their target molecules via several distinct intermolecular...

In vivo toxicological analyses are crucial in demonstrating the efficacy of drugs in the treatment of diseases. Animal models are commonly used for in vivo toxicological and efficacy analysis of drugs. Nanoparticles-based drug formulations or nanomedicines are characterized with varying degrees of toxicity to target and/or nontarget cells in animal...

Nanomedicines have the potential to overcome some of the major drawbacks of conventional drugs, offering unique biomedical and biophysical properties that can enhance therapeutic performance indices. Despite the research advancements in the development of nanoparticles for a wide range of biomedical applications for the treatment and diagnosis of d...

Glucose sensors are one such type of transducing devices for determining the level of glucose in the body. They are used to monitor glucose levels to indicate potential rise (hyperglycemic) or fall (hypoglycemic) in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The increasing rate of diabetes cases requires the development of new and improved glucose...

The exclusive properties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles can offer significant benefits in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper can be developed as particulate nanomedicines to treat various diseases. Also, metal oxide nanoparticles, including iron oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxid...

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials from biological sources are promising in promoting bioavailability and biocompatibility in mammalian systems, and green synthesized nanoparticles are capable of demonstrating less toxicity compared to chemically-synthesized nanoparticles. Nanobiomaterials have found applications in the diagnosis and treatment of a wi...

Preclinical and clinical evaluations of nanodrugs are important to support approval. Preclinical studies involve ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo approaches to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and biophysical and biochemical properties of nanomedicines. Clinical studies, also involving human trials, represent a crucial stage to translate nanomedicine...

Nano-tattoos are biosensors incorporated intradermally to deliver chromatic effects based on the targeted makers in the blood. Since its discovery, these novel tattoos are used in the detection of glucose and have become popular in recent times among youngsters for diabetes management. The limitations of conventional glucose sensors, such as the bi...

Biosynthesis is a common nanoparticles synthesis approach that relies on the use of biological resources, such as microbes and plants, to synthesize nanoparticles with specific characteristics. The biosynthesis conditions can be used to control the size, morphology, toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity of the nanoparticles while allowing the...

Cytotoxicity analysis is used to evaluate the toxicity of drug compounds toward the viability of cells in vivo. Nanoparticles can cause toxic effects on cells due to their small size and ease of cellular internalization. Nanotoxicology has become an area of interest that seeks to study the toxicity of nanoparticles toward humans and the environment...

In the past 20 years, diabetes has emerged as a major coercion that drastically affects human health. It directly distorts cellular metabolic functions and increases the possibility for other complications such as obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases to set in. Several studies have shown that health complications such as obesity, hype...

Biofuels represent an important component of the future sustainable energy mix that is critical to mitigate the use of non-renewable fossil fuels and reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. Microalgae are an important source of microbes to produce biofuels as they have high carbon dioxide fixation capacity and release oxygen...

Dendrimers embody tree-like structures with an extremely branched architecture and have demonstrated considerable promise to be employed either as biologically active nanocarrier agents, or as active individual drugs. These could be classified depending on generations, based on either the branch numbers or the type of core, which are used for the s...

Metal nanoparticles have been extensively synthesized using physical, chemical, and biological methods due to their exclusive applications, ranging from electronics to pharmaceutics. In pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications, metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper are widely used in applications such as sensors, imaging, targeted...

Nanotechnology has become one of the most important scientific advances in the 20th century. It offers a wide range of applications in engineering, computing, biotechnology, and even the pharmaceutical industry. The size, morphology, and dimension of nanoparticles along with their exclusive properties, developed via nanotechnological advancements,...

Emerging Nanomedicines for Diabetes Mellitus Theranostics provides readers with information on the development of efficacious nanomedicines as potential theranostic agents for diabetes. The book discusses the application of various novel nanomaterials and nanocomposites for targeted delivery of insulin, glucose sensing, including nano-tattoos as gl...

Nanotechnology has provided numerous exciting materials with a variety of opportunities to be utilized for exclusive applications that are 148not possible with their bulk counterparts. Metal nanoparticles are the most common nanosized particles that are extensively under research and are currently employed in various commercial applications. Among...

Bionanotechnology: Emerging Applications of Bionanomaterials highlights a wide range of industrial applications using bionanotechnologies, with biomedical applications prominent amongst these, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, medical implants, medical diagnostics and therapy. Other key areas include energy harvesting and...

Bionanomaterials are identified as a perfect replacement, in the quest for the search of an alternative to toxic conventional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Bionanomaterials are the nanomaterials, that are fabricated via biomolecules or encapsulate or immobilize a conventional nanomaterial with a biomolecule. The biomolecules extracted...

Nanocelluloses are promising bio-nano-materials for use as water treatment materials in environmental protection and remediation. Over the past decades, they have been integrated via novel nanoengineering approaches for water treatment processes. This review aims at giving an overview of nanocellulose requirements concerning emerging nanotechnologi...

Metal oxide nanoparticles constitute one of the most conjoint subsets of nanosized particles that are under extensive research, attributing to their outstanding abilities to be useful as a catalyst, and in electronics and biomedical application domains. These nanoparticles are fabricated via physical, chemical, and biological approaches, and their...

Invention of novel nanomaterials guaranteeing enhanced biomedical performance in diagnostics and therapeutics, is a perpetual initiative. In this regard, the upsurge and widespread usage of nanoparticles is a ubiquitous phenomenon, focusing predominantly on the application of submicroscopic (< 100 nm) particles. While this is facilitated attributin...

Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles’ toxic e...

Nanosized materials are extensively used in various fields, due to their exceptional properties and ability to alter their exclusive characteristics, based on the desired application. Past studies have shown that nanosized materials possess enhanced biological properties, which tend to be beneficial in biomedical and pharmaceutical 59applications....

The increasing population of the world requires novel techniques to feed everyone, which can replace or work along with traditional methods to increase production of agricultural crops. In recent times, nanotechnology is considered as a promising and emerging approach to be incorporated in agriculture to improve productivity of different crops by t...

Elimination of disease-causing bacteria from cotton fabrics is critically important to control several bacteria-mediated infections in humans. Antibacterial nanoparticles, particularly nanosized silver, has been explored for a wide range of antibacterial applications. Phytosynthesized nanoparticles have gained interests as a benign alternative to c...

Background: Type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes) is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases with insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. The key goal of anti-diabetic therapy is to increase the development of insulin, immunity and/or decrease the amount of blood glucose. While many synthetic com...

Dental implants resemble synthetic materials, mainly designed as teeth-mimics to replace the damaged or irregular teeth. Specifically, they are demarcated as a surgical fixture of artificial implant materials, which are placed into the jawbone, and are allowed to be fused with the bone, similar to natural teeth. Dental implants may be categorized i...

Implant materials must mimic natural human bones with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and mechanical stability to successfully replace damaged or disease-affected bones. Synthetic hydroxyapatite was incorporated with bioglass to mimic natural bones for replacing conventional implant materials which has led to certain toxicity issues. Hence, hyd...

Carbon is a most common element in the world, which is the 15th abundant element in the crust of the Earth and is the fourth most common element in the universe, with respect to mass, next to helium, hydrogen and oxygen. In general, carbon is present in three distinct allotrope forms or crystallographic arrangements such as diamond, graphite and lo...

Lipids represent a major algal biochemical with an extensive range of applications including biodiesel synthesis. Biodiesel constitutes ‘fatty acid methyl esters’ (FAME) arising from the transesterification of lipids. Among algal lipids, neutral or true lipids such as ‘triacylglycerols’ (TAGs) are important for generating high quality and stable bi...