Jairo Eduardo Soto

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• Doctor of Human Sciences
• Docente investigador at University of Atlántico

If yes, briefly describe what you understand by cognitive biases. Experience with Cognitive Biases: Do you think cognitive biases can affect decision-making in educational settings? Have you ever observed instances of cognitive biases affecting teaching or learning in your educational experience? If yes, please provide examples. Understanding Cognitive Dissonance

· ¿Cómo pueden las prácticas didácticas actuales incorporar enfoques decoloniales en su enseñanza?

· ¿Qué desafíos enfrentan los educadores al implementar una pedagogía crítica y decolonizadora?

· ¿De qué manera la educación puede contribuir a la construcción de una sociedad más justa y equitativa desde una perspectiva decolonial?

Based on the abstract provided, (pre-print) here are some reflection questions for non-professional teachers in schools of education to consider:

These questions are designed to help non-professional teachers reflect on their own experiences and identify areas for growth and improvement in their teaching practices.

There is a relationship between cultural identity and tourist awareness. Therefore, in the particular case of the city of Santa Marta, it was identified that there are certain facts that weaken the cultural identity of the region, such as the low participation of the youth population. in its festival of the sea, the loss of its small square, the migration of some people from other places and the little participation of the authorities in the tourist development of the town. Likewise, according to the opinion of those interviewed, there is an informality in the provision of services and a lack of price regulation when offering a product or service to tourists which, based on the dimensions of tourist awareness, this would be the result of the low awareness of service providers and authorities such as Samaritan citizens and the previous local government. On the other hand, given the natural sites surrounded by beaches or rivers, it can provide tourists with sustainable tourism and development environments through the creation of ecoparks.

"Paradigms and Different Types of Research" provides a comprehensive overview of research paradigms and their various types. It explores the philosophical foundations that underpin different research paradigms, emphasizing their role in guiding scientific inquiry. The article delves into the significance of understanding research paradigms, as they shape the assumptions and principles governing research endeavors. With a focus on ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods, the abstract highlights the diverse nature of research paradigms. Readers can expect insights into how positivism, and post-positivism, interpretivism, criticism and complexity can be applied in information research. The aim is to offer a clear and accessible introduction to the subject, assisting researchers in planning and executing their projects effectively. As well as a classification of the different types of research, accordingly classified, with the correspondent paradigmatic nature of knowledge. which in turn explains the techniques, procedures, types of samples, methods, and language used during research.

To come to understand modern culture, we will turn to the philosopher Jean Baudrillard. He coined the term simulacrum (likeness) which refers to an image without an original version.

And now let's look at examples of simulacrum.

When we get news, we can't check if the things we are told about really exist. We trust the image, as we do not have the opportunity to see the original version.

Social media creates images of non-existent people and fake life. From there, a new reality emerges that we want to imitate. Thus, non-existent reality replaces the real world.

Modern culture is replete with images that have nothing to do with reality. "Sexual" images lack desire, "violent" images do not convey pain, and emotions on the Internet do not replace human contact.

The problem manifests itself when we start talking and acting like on social media. Thus life gradually becomes the reflection of virtual reality.

For your own perspective: How do social media and media allow us to understand modern culture?

As interculturality is opposed to multiculturality, a distinction between these two frames is pivotal to cast light upon linguistic colonialism practices and other forms of power-knowledge colonial matrix in some curriculum designs. Interculturality suggests interaction, respect, and recognition among cultures, while multiculturality involves the co-presence of several separated cultures, competing to hegemonize or control other cultures. Although, the former has much more acceptance, the decolonial critique to interculturality might offer a problematization of a widely restrictive view of mainstream interculturality. With awareness of these counterforces, this discussion might center on how interculturality can be used to decolonize the only English curriculum to give other senses to the bilingual curriculum.

Which would be the factors that influence the recognition of the Caribbean cultural identity from the possibilities of curricular innovation and training projects in a public educational institution in Colombia?

Soto-Molina, J. E., & Méndez, P. (2020). Linguistic

Hoy día no está tan de moda citar a Marx en el análisis de los fenómenos sociales y de coyunturas económicas que han desatado incertidumbres por sus crisis, generadas a lo largo de su historia, de lo cuál, ésta bajo especie de recetas, se reformula.

Muchos se sorprendieron ante la nota que publicó The Washington Post, -que le mereció muchas réplicas en distintas editoriales periodísticas del mundo- en donde cuestiona el capitalismo y su naturaleza devastadora; tal vez muchos lo sabíamos y en un leve grado de empirismo muchos ciudadanos del común también lo notaron desde una perspectiva nublada de desigualdad; así mismo, se dejaba por sentado un triunfo ideológico del neoliberalismo en sus bases conceptuales, del que se fue logrando una aceptación en la vida proletaria, que, más que tiempo para autoeducarse, lo utiliza para reponer horas de agotamiento laboral a través del sueño.

Tenía que ocurrir un suceso epidemiológico a escala planetaria como el Covid 19, para someter a una profunda reflexión, ya no a las masas, sino a quienes en un aceptable tono de lucidez y racionalismo, hoy pasan del trecho del pensamiento a la manifestación de la actual crisis...

Hablar de la crisis civilizatoria que desencadena el capitalismo como malestar general no es hablar necesariamente de la instauración de una lectura socialista; las nuevas vertientes que el imperante modelo económico engendró [burocracia, redes clientelares y proselitismo], permitió la estigmatización a quienes contravinieran los efectos del actual modelo, al punto de elevarse una campaña de estigmatización hasta los sectores progresistas y social demócratas, cuyas banderas se distanciaron hace tiempo de la liga comunista intermacional.

¿Qué haremos cuando pase todo esto?

Hemos escuchado con detenimiento la lectura de analistas internacionales, cuyas aristas son posturas hipotéticas frente a lo que le depara al mundo, posterior a la recuperación de la crisis social u economica. Lo cierto es que despues de esto, el mundo no será el mismo como ya ha habido quienes lo afirman contundentemente.

Esperemos triunfe la ética y se articulen los gremios de la salud con el sector de la educación y los movimientos sociales para por lo menos dinamizar la lógica del capital, referente a la estructura del tejido social.