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Introduction
Jaime Paneque-Gálvez is an Associate Professor at the Center of Research in Environmental Geography (CIGA), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico. He has expertise in land-change science, ethnoecology, political ecology, grassroots innovation and citizen science.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia
Position
- Associate Professor
February 2008 - September 2012
Publications
Publications (82)
It has been suggested that traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) may play a key role in forest conservation. However, empirical studies assessing to what extent TEK is associated with forest conservation compared with other variables are rare. Furthermore, to our knowledge, the spatial overlap of TEK and forest conservation has not been evaluated...
Researching environmental conflicts can be a challenging ethnographic endeavor, especially when their causes are influenced (in)directly by illicit stakeholders and activities. In this article we explore the potential of small drones for better grasping the complexity of environmental conflicts from an activist research and an engaged ethnography s...
In post-normal science (PNS), the emergence of extended peer communities (EPCs) is a key process to deal with problems involving high uncertainty, high stakes, disputed values, and urgent decisions. However, the challenges and opportunities related to the emergence of EPCs in contentious territories-such as many across the Global South-are poorly u...
The social and environmental failure of successive Western development models imposed on the global South has led local communities to pursue alternatives to development. Such alternatives seek radical societal transformations that require the production of new knowledge, practices, technologies, and institutions that are effective to achieve more...
Esta publicación busca visibilizar un campo de problemas urgentes que enfrentan las naciones y pueblos en México y el resto del mundo: el de las luchas por transformar el modelo político ecológico dominante de explotación extractivista, excluyente, patriarcal y ecocida.
A través de un abanico amplio de problemáticas y situaciones, escrito por un nu...
Environmental conflicts have increased considerably in recent years and approaches from situated and complex perspectives have gained relevance for their study. However, disciplinary approaches are still dominant to the detriment of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies. This article analyzes the relevance of a transdisciplinary approach...
Las áreas naturales protegidas tienen un papel decisivo en la mitigación del cambio climático y de la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos para el bienestar de la sociedad. Sin embargo, existe una ineficaz aplicación de la gestión pública que no considera en la agenda política y la formulación de las políticas públicas el contexto y las problemátic...
In this policy intervention, we recount the process of producing a policy briefing targeting researchers and practitioners who use drones in biodiversity conservation. We use the writing process as a springboard to think through the ways that interdisciplinary exchange has and might further inform the ethical use of new technologies, such as drones...
Since the early 2010s, small drones have become key tools for environmental research around the globe. While critical voices have highlighted the threat of ‘green securitisation’ and surveillance in contexts where drones are deployed for nature conservation, Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) worldwide have also begun using drones – m...
Las comunidades rurales del Sur global enfrentan nuevos y complejos
retos en el manejo sostenible de sus bienes naturales como resultado
de su inserción en dinámicas globales. En estas nuevas ruralidades, la
ciencia ciudadana podría ampliar la comprensión de los problemas
ambientales y buscar soluciones mediante procesos colaborativos entre
comunid...
La pandemia de la COVID-19 genera nuevos retos para gestionar desastres, particularmente en regiones vulnerables como América Latina. Desde que el virus SARS-CoV-2 llegó a esta región, han ocurrido desastres donde la respuesta gubernamental ha sido precaria o nula debido a cambios estructurales y coyunturales causados (o agravados) por la pandemia....
El libro Integración global: el nuevo entorno de los territorios locales destaca los procesos que surgen en el ámbito local como resultado de las conexiones con la escala global. Desde una perspectiva teórica y práctica el libro se articula en torno a dos preguntas: ¿Cómo los procesos de integración global han transformado el espacio, las relacione...
The current corporate food regime generates some of the most challenging ecological, social, and ethical problems for humanity in its quest for sustainability and ecological justice. Different scientific disciplines have analyzed these problems in-depth, but usually from their comfort zone, i.e., without engagement with other disciplines and episte...
Recent research suggests that there is an urgent need to create transitions to agroecology to address the many ecological, social, and ethical problems caused by the hegemonic Corporate Food Regime. In the Global South, however, there are already numerous and diverse agroecological initiatives driven by peasant communities, indigenous peoples, and...
Capítulo introductorio del libro "Los conflictos ambientales en América Latina III" donde se reflexiona acerca de las causas y los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19, la profundización de los conflictos ambientales y su abordaje en el ámbito académico, los aportes al estudio de conflictos ambientales en el marco de la Red CoLCA, y se presentan brev...
En este trabajo realizamos un ejercicio autobiográfico y reflexivo
con un doble propósito: (1) comprender cómo y por qué los tres autores
arribamos a la investigación sobre conflictos ambientales con una visión muy parecida, pese a tener orígenes personales y estudios universitarios diferentes, aunque provenientes, sobre todo, de las ciencias natur...
El libro reúne una serie de trabajos que surgen de las actividadesque se desarrollan en el marco de la Red Latinoamericana para el Estudio de Conflictos Ambientales (Red CoLCA). Los diferentes capítulos fueron desarrollados en un intercambio entre los autores y autorasy los editores para dar cuenta de la diversidad de conflictos que acontecen en La...
Alternatives to development represent fairer forms of social, economic, and political organization, including environmental sustainability criteria as well. Many new outcomes are created during the design and everyday construction of alternatives to development (e.g., knowledge, practices, social relations, institutions). We may think, therefore, t...
The theory of innovation, which is mainly associated with business, competitiveness, and generation of economic value, has been enriched by the emergence of new, broader, and more inclusive approaches that contemplate other types of innovation. Among these emergent types, social innovation has gained much academic attention. However, the emerging w...
This issue is a product of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network’s Thematic Area (TA) 3, the Urban Water Cycle and Essential Public Services. TA3 brings together academics, students, professionals working in the public sector, workers’ unions, practitioners from Non-Governmental Organizations, activists and members of civil society groups, and representativ...
Los conflictos ambientales brindan una oportunidad poco explorada en la práctica docente universitaria para comprender las problemáticas ambientales. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar las potencialidades que ofrece su estudio -desde un enfoque transdisciplinar que incluya actividades de campo con la inmersión vivencial de los estudiantes- como instrumen...
Forest degradation affects forest structure, composition and diversity, carbon stocks, functionality and ecosystem processes. It is known to contribute significantly to global carbon emissions, but there is uncertainty about the relative size of these emissions. This is largely because while deforestation, or long-term forest clearance, has been su...
Los drones permiten obtener información aérea detallada de manera más autónoma y económica, en comparación con otras fuentes de percepción remota. Esto ha motivado la utilización civil y comunitaria de drones alrededor del mundo, tanto con fines audiovisuales como cartográficos. Por ello, los gobiernos han tenido que legislar la utilización de dron...
En este trabajo comparamos cómo se organiza el poder en torno a la gestión forestal comunitaria a nivel local y qué efectos tiene esta organización sobre el paisaje. Como caso de estudio analizamos tres comunidades vecinas de la meseta purépecha (Cherán, Pichátaro y Sevina), a lo largo de la historia de la explotación forestal comercial (1876-2011)...
The use of drones with or by communities—what we call community drones—has emerged globally over the last decade to serve diverse purposes. Despite a growing academic interest in community drones, most experiences have been documented as gray literature and there are still no publications that review and systematize their use worldwide. Here, we pr...
El uso de drones con o por comunidades -lo que llamamos drones comunitarios- ha surgido globalmente durante la última década para servir a diversos propósitos. A pesar del creciente interés académico en los drones comunitarios, la mayoría de las experiencias han sido documentadas como literatura gris y todavía no existen publicaciones que revisen y...
Despite the increasing prevalence of forest-cover change and conflicts, most studies have been unable to unravel the complex relations between the two processes. We attribute this failure to methodological limitations. We put forward an alternative approach that combines different datasets (remote sensing, GIS, local narratives, official censuses,...
[SPANISH]
Los materiales audiovisuales pueden ser eficaces para promover las dietas vegetarianas y veganas. Sin embargo, no comprendemos bien a qué se debe su eficacia. En este estudio comparamos la eficacia de cinco videos sobre explotación animal versus una plática y un control para motivar cambios en el consumo alimenticio. Encuestamos a estudi...
En las últimas décadas se han multiplicado los conflictos ambientales relacionados con la extracción de recursos naturales, su transformación y la disposición de los productos de desecho derivados de dicha transformación (Arsel et al., 2016; Renfrew, 2011). Esto se debe, en gran medida, a la existencia de dos paradigmas en tensión, las políticas de...
Con este Cuaderno de Trabajo queremos describir y analizar algunas
estrategias de gestión comunitaria del agua. Nos interesan, particularmente,
aquéllas que generan conocimiento de forma autónoma o participativa –e.g., mediante
investigación-acción o educación popular– sobre las problemáticas asociadas al
acceso al agua de buena calidad y en cantid...
Marx's concept of metabolic rift has emerged as a prominent theoretical framework with which to explain the socioecological crises of capitalism. Yet, despite its relevance to key concerns in critical environmental geography, it has remained marginal within the field. Here we address this by distinguishing between metabolic rift theory and two pred...
It is still a major challenge to select appropriate variables from remote sensing sensors, which implicates finding reliable selection methods that can maximize the performance of chosen variables in regression models. In this study, we compare the performance of stepwise variable selection based on Akaike information criterion and an approach that...
Capitalist urbanization is recognized as an important aspect of environmental change and conflict in Latin America. Karl Marx’s theory of metabolic rift can offer powerful insights into the alienated mediation of society and nature underlying the socio-ecological contradictions and conflicts associated with urbanization, but has been under-utilized...
El periurbano de Morelia experimenta diversas transformaciones propias de su interacción
con una ciudad en expansión, entre ellas el desarrollo inmobiliario así como el establecimiento de asentamientos irregulares precarios y sin planeación, cambio de uso del suelo, deterioro del medio ambiente y transferencia de recursos hacia la urbe que provoca...
We applied annual Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) data for the detection of forest cover change (FCC) in Mexico over the period 2000–2010. We excluded the pixels with uncertain information and applied a moving average and low-pass filter to smooth the multi-temporal data to reduce the...
Marx’s concept of metabolic rift has emerged as an important category in ecological Marxism, but has received
relatively little attention in political ecology. This appears to reflect a combination of confusion regarding the
conceptual basis of metabolic rift and theoretical antagonisms between its materialist dialectic and dominant
post-humanist a...
Indigenous territories are facing increasing pressures from numerous legal and illegal activities that are pushing commodity frontiers within their limits, frequently causing severe environmental degradation and threatening indigenous territorial rights and livelihoods. In Central and South America, after nearly three decades of participatory mappi...
Forest degradation is a dynamic process, and its accurate mapping and detection has been limited by the lack of spatial and temporal resolution of conventional remote sensing, especially in tropical dry forests (TDF). The objective of this work is to assess UAV images for mapping and quantifying forest degradation of the TDF at local scale. Firstly...
Mexico faces severe socio-environmental problems, many of which have intensified since the introduction of structural adjustment policies in the mid-1980s and the rise of neoliberal policies introduced in the 1990s, which have disproportionally affected rural and periurban communities. As the State is often unwilling (or lack the resources) to addr...
Though subsistence hunting in tropical rainforests contributes to local food security and livelihoods, it also constitutes a major challenge to wildlife conservation. In this paper we examine different hunting practices of contemporary Tsimane', an Amazonian indigenous society native to Bolivia, and discuss their potential impact on wildlife. We al...
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international policy initiative which is designed to incentivize tropical countries to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. But what happens if a country is already a forest sink, absorbing more carbon than it is emitting? This phenomenon has bee...
En Latinoamérica, los territorios indígenas y campesinos enfrentan graves problemas que generan numerosos conflictos ambientales. En estos territorios, con frecuencia las comunidades padecen situaciones graves de pobreza y exclusión social, carecen de los medios necesarios para hacer frente al deterioro ambiental causado por empresas y otros actore...
Rapid and often unplanned urbanization and periurbanization processes in the Global South pose enormous challenges for maintaining ecological health while improving human well-being. In Latin America, Mexico is one of the countries with the highest rates of rural out-migration linked with urban and periurban growth. As a result, in many urban and p...
In this paper we present forest cover change analysis by object based method with SPOT-5 (2007) and RapidEye (2013) images for an Ejido in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. We identified three classes in images of each date: 1) forest 2) degraded forest and 3) non-forest. An object based image analysis was applied to first segment the images into objec...
Gebhardt et al. (2014) presented the Monitoring Activity Data for the Mexican REDD+
program (MAD-MEX), an automatic nation-wide land cover monitoring system for the Mexican
REDD+ MRV. Though MAD-MEX represents a valuable first effort toward establishing a national
reference emissions level for the implementation of REDD+ in Mexico, in this paper, w...
Anthropogenic land-cover change, e.g. deforestation and forest degradation cause carbon emissions. To estimate deforestation and forest degradation, it is important to have reliable data on forest cover. In this analysis, we evaluated annual MODIS Percent Tree Cover (PTC) data for the detection of forest change including deforestation, forest degra...
Anthropogenic land-cover change, e.g. deforestation and forest degradation cause carbon emissions. To estimate deforestation and forest degradation, it is important to have reliable data on forest cover. In this analysis, we evaluated annual MODIS Percent Tree Cover (PTC) data for the detection of forest change including deforestation, forest degra...
This study assesses whether MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields percent tree cover (PTC) data can detect deforestation and forest degradation. To assess the usefulness of PTC for detecting deforestation, we used a data set consisting of eight forest and seven non-forest categories. To evaluate forest degradation, we used data from two temperate fore...
The cumulative and systemic implications of land change have prompted the inclusion of land-change science (LCS) in global change and sustainability discourse If LCS is to make a genuine contribution to sustainability, then it needs to go beyond the proximate issues and address the underlying, systemic factors contributing to land change. The use o...
Wildlife hunting is an important economic activity that contributes to the subsistence of indigenous peoples and the maintenance of their cultural identity. Changes in indigenous peoples’ ways of life affect the way they manage the ecosystems and resources around them, including wildlife populations. This paper explores the relationship between cul...
Understanding how indigenous peoples’ management practices relate to biological diversity requires addressing contemporary changes in indigenous peoples’ way of life. This study explores the association between cultural change among a Bolivian Amazonian indigenous group, the Tsimane’, and tree diversity in forests surrounding their villages. We int...
In Mexico, REDD+ is being presented as a win-win policy enabling forest communities to benefit financially and diversify their income sources while preserving and increasing their forest carbon stocks through more sustainable management. Under the national programme, it is expected that forest communities will have opportunities to tailor their own...
Decisions on landscape management are often dictated by government officials based
on their own understandings of how landscape should be used and managed, but rarely
considering local peoples’ understandings of the landscape they inhabit. We use data collected
through free listings, field transects and interviews to describe how an Amazonian group...
Anthropogenic land cover change, e.g. deforestation and forest degradation cause carbon emission. To estimate deforestation and forest degradation, it is important to have reliable data on vegetation and carbon distribution. In Mexico, land cover maps are available at national level in which vegetation is described in four statuses: primary, second...
Among the different factors associated with change in traditional ecological knowledge, the study of the relations between cultural change and traditional ecological knowledge has received scan and inadequate scholarly attention. Using data from indigenous peoples of an Amazonian society facing increasing exposure to the mainstream Bolivian society...
Data gathered through community-based forest monitoring (CBFM) programs may be as accurate as those gathered by professional scientists, but acquired at a much lower cost and capable of providing more detailed data about the occurrence, extent and drivers of forest loss, degradation and regrowth at the community scale. In addition, CBFM enables gre...
The MODIS vegetation continuous fields (VCF) product has a percent tree cover layer; hence it could potentially be used to detect hotspots of deforestation and forest degradation, if data accuracy is high. This paper assesses the accuracy of the VCF percent tree cover layer by comparing it with land cover maps in two areas in Mexico. Specifically,...
Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples often have low population density but abundant natural resources. For those reasons, many actors have historically attempted to occupy those lands or use the resources in them. Increasing pressures over lands occupied by indigenous peoples have resulted in the awakening of indigenous peoples over their rights t...
Are Ecologically Important Tree Species the Most Useful? A Case Study from Indigenous
People in the Bolivian Amazon. Researchers have argued that indigenous peoples prefer to
use the most apparent plant species, particularly for medicinal uses. However, the association
between the ecological importance of a species and its usefulness remains unclea...
Peat water has high carbon content. Carbon measurement in peat water is important for carbon accounting in peatlands, where the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is highly related to the concentration of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Thus, DOC in peat water can be estimated through the measurement of CDOM concentration. Remote se...
This paper analyzes deforestation hotspots in Mexico using MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) data, which contains four science data sets. The first science data set is percent tree cover, which gives an estimate of the percentage of crown cover in each pixel; the remaining three science data sets can be used to assess the reliability of the...
Empirical research provides contradictory evidence of the loss of traditional ecological knowledge across societies.
Researchers have argued that culture, methodological differences, and site-specific conditions are responsible
for such contradictory evidences. We advance and test a third explanation: the adaptive nature of traditional
ecological k...
As land use change continues to increase throughout the Amazon basin, there is a pressing need to accurately map, quantify and assess the effects of different factors on forest cover change (FCC). Land tenure may sometimes have important effects on forest cover, yet such effects remain poorly understood in Amazonia, particularly outside Brazil. In...
Land use/cover classification is a key research field in remote sensing and land change science as thematic maps derived from remotely sensed data have become the basis for analyzing many socio-ecological issues. However, land use/cover classification remains a difficult task and it is especially challenging in heterogeneous tropical landscapes whe...
As biological and linguistic diversity, the world's cultural diversity is on decline. However, to date there are no estimates of the rate at which the specific cultural traits of a group disappear, mainly because we lack empirical data to assess how the cultural traits of a given population change over time. Here we estimate changes in cultural tra...
Los pueblos indígenas de América Latina tienen problemas territoriales similares, en el sentido de que se enfrentan a intereses políticos y económicos que frenan la consolidación de sus derechos territoriales. Se alega a menudo que los grupos indígenas ya tienen suficientes tierras, que son relativamente pocos para tanto espacio, o que reclaman más...
What is the relative importance of environmental variables and geographical distances to explain tree species turnover? Are these patterns consistent for different tree categories, i.e. all trees (DBH ≥ 2.5 cm), large trees (DBH ≥ 10 cm), small trees sensu lato (DBH < 10 cm) and small trees sensu stricto (strictly understorey species, DBH < 10 cm)?...
Los pueblos indígenas de América Latina tienen
problemas territoriales similares, en el sentido de
que se enfrentan a intereses políticos y económicos
que frenan la consolidación de sus derechos
territoriales. Se alega a menudo que los grupos
indígenas ya tienen su%cientes tierras, que son
relativamente pocos para tanto espacio, o que
reclaman más...
Participatory mapping of indigenous lands and resources is increasingly seen as a precondition for securing legal recognition of indigenous land rights. But because participatory mapping might have unintended impacts on the functioning of rural communities, researchers have put a great effort in analyzing the effects of participatory mapping. In th...
Integration into the market economy changes indigenous people's use of land and resources. We study one pathway leading to integration of indigenous peoples to the market economy: the entrance of nonindigenous peoples into lands inhabited by indigenous populations. We analyzed data from a survey (n = 779) in 87 Tsimane’ villages, an Amazonian socie...
