Jagadeesh Sure

• Ph.D
• Scientsit at University of Wiscon

Graphene has been extensively investigated as a host material for Li metal anodes owing to its light weight, high electrical conductivity, high surface area, and exceptional mechanical rigidity. Many studies have focused on assembling two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets into three-dimensional (3D) forms, such as lamination, spheres, and carbon nan...

Under mechanical abuse, the failure of lithium‐ion batteries occurs in various stages, characterized by different force, temperature, and voltage responses, and require in situ measurements for analysis. First, four sizes of commercially available lithium‐iron phosphate batteries (LFPB), namely 18650, 22650, 26650, and 32650, were subjected to quas...

The difficulty of producing high-entropy alloy (HEA) powders is one of the key issues that limits the application of HEAs in a range of fields, including energy devices, additive manufacturing and spraying techniques. In the present work, nano-size equiatomic CoCrFeNi HEA powder has been prepared from micro-size mixed metal-oxide precursors by elec...

The corrosion performance of plasma sprayed alumina–40[Formula: see text]wt.% titania (A40T) coated high-density graphite was investigated in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt at [Formula: see text]C for periods of 500, 1000, and 2000[Formula: see text]h under argon atmosphere. The microstructural and compositional investigations of corrosion-tested A4...

The electrochemical noise (ECN) technique was employed to study corrosion of two model systems, i.e. pure Ni and a binary Ni-20wt%Cr (Ni20Cr) alloy in molten ZnCl2 at 623 K. We measured ECN transients in current and open-circuit potential from two nominally identical Ni-Ni and Ni20Cr-Ni20Cr electrodes and one galvanic Ni-Ni20Cr electrode pair. The...

The use of battery electric vehicles is one of the green solutions to reduce environmental pollution and save the Earth. Based on the power, speed, and space constraints, the battery geometries (size and shape) are decided in the battery electric vehicles. However, battery failure assessment and abuse testing are much needed to ensure its safe oper...

Nano-sized powders of the Ta 1-x Hf x C class of ceramics, with compositions of Ta 0.2 Hf 0.8 C, Ta 0.5 Hf 0.5 C and Ta 0.8 f 0.2 C, were successfully synthesized from mixtures of the corresponding metal oxides and graphite by electro-deoxidation in molten CaCl 2 at 1173 K. X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-prepared Ta 0.8 Hf 0.2 C mixed carbi...

Graphite materials are considered as important structural materials in molten salt-based nuclear reactors, pyrochemical reprocessing and concentrated solar power plants. Various grades of graphite materials are proposed to be used as container materials such as crucibles, vessels, liners, coatings, reactor core, tank and pipes for molten chloride,...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being increasingly studied as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their high electronic conductivity and chemical and mechanical stability. However, their energy density and specific capacitance have not reached the commercial stage due to their electrostatic charge storage system via a non-faradic mecha...

This work utilizes electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to identify oxidation state of alloying elements in Ni-based alloys after exposure to molten chloride salt systems. Pure Ni and Ni-20Cr model alloy were corroded in molten ZnCl2 and KCl-MgCl2 under argon atmosphere at various temperatures. Oxidation states of Cr (Cr³⁺) and Ni (Ni²⁺) in the...

Lithium-sulfur batteries have shown increasing promise for high energy densities and reduced costs. Facile sulfur loading techniques demonstrate a critical way to achieving high dispersions of sulfur in the host's matrix, improving conductivity and simultaneously decreasing the active mass loss from the cathode. Here we investigate the effect of su...

The study has aimed at understanding the key factors involved in the synthesis of porous Ti-based β-Ti-35Nb-7.9Sn alloy by electro-deoxidation of compacted and sintered TiO2-Nb2O5-SnO2 mixed oxide disks in molten calcium chloride. Processing parameters assessed were the sintering temperature, and thus, the open porosity, of the oxide precursor as w...

Molten chloride and fluoride salts possess various properties such as good thermal conductivity and stability, large specific heat and low viscosity which make them important as fuels and/or coolants for molten salt reactors (MSR). Molten chloride salts are also selected as heat transfer and storage fluids to carry thermal energy from a solar conce...

Corrosion of Ni and Ni-20Cr in molten ZnCl2 under argon atmosphere at 593 K was investigated using cyclic polarization in combination with various electron microscopy techniques. Cyclic polarization measurements yielded significantly lower corrosion rates for pure Ni than for Ni-20Cr. Corrosion of the Ni-20Cr alloy is attributed to selective anodic...

Porous electrochemically prepared α-phase Ti-5Ta-2Nb (TTN) alloy and dense commercial titanium of grade cp-4 were corrosion tested in concentrated nitric acid. This comprised potentiodynamic polarisation measurements in 9 and 11.5 M acids at ambient temperature and corrosion rate measurements in 15.3 M boiling acid both of which indicated spontaneo...

Equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys TiNbTaZr and TiNbTaZrHf have been prepared by electro-deoxidizing pre-mixed and sintered solid metal oxide disks through cathodic polarization in a molten CaCl2 electrolyte. The sintering temperature employed in the preparation of the oxide disks prior to electro-deoxidation was varied between 1173 K and 15...

High‐entropy alloys and compounds are becoming an important class of new materials due to their outstanding refractory and high‐temperature properties. However, preparation in bulk quantities and in powder form via classical metallurgical methods is challenging. Here, we report the first synthesis of an ultra‐high‐temperature high‐entropy carbide,...

All together now: The first synthesis of an ultra‐high‐temperature high‐entropy carbide, (TiNbTaZrHf)C, is reported. These materials are in demand for modern additive manufacturing techniques and might also find application in energy devices such as supercapacitors. Abstract High‐entropy alloys and compounds are becoming an important class of new...

The cost of tantalum (Ta), and thus of Ta capacitors, is undesirably high owing to the limited availability of its ores and the energy-intensive production. Reported herein is the economically viable electrochemical synthesis of Ta-Nb alloys as a potential replacement for Ta in capacitors. Ta-xNb (x = 20, 50, 80) alloys were prepared directly by el...

SiC was synthesised by electro-deoxidation of a SiO2/graphite mixture in a CaCl2 melt at 1173 K, and the reduced product was characterised by XRD, SEM-EDX, XPS and TEM-STEM. The SiC prepared had a powdery morphology, existed exclusively in the β-phase, and possessed a unique nanostructure with nanowires of 400–600 nm in length and 10–40 nm in diame...

Ti–xNb–ySn alloys with different Nb and Sn contents, of x = 24, 35, 42 mass% and y = 4, 7.9 mass%, were synthesised directly from TiO2, Nb2O5 and SnO2 mixtures via the FFC-Cambridge process. Compacted powder discs were employed as the cathode versus graphite as the anode in molten CaCl2 as the electrolyte. XRD analysis of the as-synthesised alloys...

Alloy of composition Ti–5Ta–2Nb (numbers in mass%) was synthesised directly from the corresponding mixed metal oxides via the FFC-Cambridge process. Compacted powder discs of TiO2–Ta2O5–Nb2O5 were cathodically polarised against a graphite anode in a molten CaCl2 electrolyte, and the effect of various process parameters on the synthesis of the alloy...

Porous titanium-niobium alloys of composition Ti-24Nb, Ti-35Nb and Ti-42Nb were synthesised by electro-deoxidation of sintered oxide discs of mixed TiO2 and Nb2O5 powders in molten CaCl2 at 1173 K, and characterised by XRD, SEM, EDX and residual oxygen analysis. At the lower Nb content a dual-phase α/β-alloy was formed consisting of hexagonal close...

Silicon carbide was synthesized from mixtures of SiO2 and graphite by applying the concept of the FFC-Cambridge process and several fundamental aspects of the synthesis route were investigated. Porous disks composed of powders of SiO2 and graphite in molar ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:1.5 were prepared by sintering in inert atmosphere and subjected t...

Single-phase equiatomic CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy has been synthesised by direct electrochemical reduction from oxide precursors according to the concept of the FFC-Cambridge process. Metal oxide mixtures were heat treated in air to provide a blend of spinels, which were then employed as the cathode in the electro-deoxidation process. Melts of eu...

In the electro-refining process of pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic fuels of fast breeder reactors, molten LiCl-KCl salt is used as the electrolyte at about 873 K and carbon based materials are proposed as container materials. The corrosion behaviour of the carbon materials viz. low density graphite (LDG), high density graphite (HDG), gl...

It has been demonstrated for the first time that high-entropy alloys can be synthesised by electrochemical reduction in a molten salt. This was accomplished by means of an electrolytic cell in which pre-mixedsolid metal oxides were subjected to cathodic polarisation in an electrolyte of molten CaCl2 salt at 1173 K, such that the equiatomic refracto...

Plasma sprayed alumina–40 wt% titania (A40T) coatings deposited on high density graphite were laser melted and immersed in molten LiCl–KCl salt for 24 h at 873 K to compare the corrosion behavior of the coatings before and after laser surface treatment. The as-sprayed and laser melted coatings after exposure to molten salt were characterized to eva...

The thermal cycling behavior of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ)-coated by plasma-spray process on NiCrAlY bond-coated high-density (HD) graphite substrate was investigated. Thermal cycling was carried out at 600 and 750°C under vacuum, up to 200 cycles. Each cycle comprised a 10-min heating followed by forced air cooling for 10 min down to room...

Graphite anode used in the direct electrochemical de-oxidation of solid oxides in molten calcium chloride medium (FFC Cambridge process) degrades by formation of carbon oxides and erosion. The problem was studied by using graphite as anode in the electrochemical de-oxidation of powder compacted and sintered Nb2O5 pellet electrodes in molten CaCl2 a...

To establish pyrochemical reprocessing plants for reprocessing of spent metallic fuels of Fast Breeder Reactors with various unit operations, it is necessary to identify, develop and qualify reliable corrosion resistant materials and coatings for service in molten LiCl-KCl salt and molten uranium environment operating between 773 to 1573 K. Carbon...

Metallic fuelled fast breeder reactors associated with pyrochemical reprocessing is chosen as the best option for future energy security in India. Type 316L stainless steel (SS), Ni-base alloys, Cr-Mo steels and carbon materials are some of the candidate materials proposed for application in pyrochemical reprocessing plants. As these materials are...

Ceramic coatings have been proposed on high density graphite crucibles for the application of uranium consolidation and distillation of molten salt in pyrochemical reprocessing of metallic fuels. Towards this, uranium melting experiments were carried out on plasma sprayed partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and Al2O3-40wt.% TiO2 (A40T) coated high...

The corrosion behaviour of four carbon materials namely low density graphite, high density graphite, glassy carbon and pyrolytic graphite were investigated in molten LiCl-KCl electrolyte medium at 600°C for 2000 h under high pure argon atmosphere. Structural and microstructural changes in the carbon materials after exposure to molten chloride salt...

Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) coated high density graphite samples exposed to molten LiCl–KCl salt at 600C for periods of 250, 1000 and 2000 h under ultra high pure argon atmosphere were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Laser Raman microscopy. As the exposed time increased, pores and micr...

Carbon based materials are proposed as candidate materials for pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic fuels of fast breeder reactors through molten LiCl-KCl salt medium. The corrosion behaviour of the carbon materials viz. low density graphite (LDG), high density graphite (HDG), glassy carbon (GC) and pyrolytic graphite (PyG) was investigated...

Carbon based materials are proposed as candidate materials for pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic fuels of fast breeder reactors through molten LiCl-KCl salt medium. The corrosion behaviour of the carbon materials viz. low density graphite (LDG), high density graphite (HDG), glassy carbon (GC) and pyrolytic graphite (PyG) was investigated...

Graphite is one of the candidate materials proposed for application in pyrochemical reprocessing plants involving aggressive molten chloride environment. Post treatments are promising techniques for the improvement of properties of thermal spray coatings for different industrial applications. In the present work, the effect of post treatments like...

Corrosion studies were performed on uncoated high density graphite and plasma sprayed partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) coated high density graphite with NiCrAlY bond coat in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt at 600 8C for periods of 250 h, 1000 h and 2000 h under inert argon atmosphere. High density graphite showed weight loss while PSZ coated high...

Graphite is proposed as one of the candidate materials for backend of metallic fuel reprocessing process of fast breeder reactors involving high temperature molten chloride salt environment. The present study focuses on evaluation of corrosion behaviour of high density graphite and the surface protection of graphite with NiCrAlY-bond coat and parti...

Graphite based materials are proposed as one of the candidate materials for metallic fuel reprocessing involving high temperature molten chloride salt environment. Pyrolytic graphite (PyG) was deposited on graphite substrates by thermal chemical vapour deposition using methane gas to enhance their performance in molten chloride environments. The st...

Graphite is one of the structural materials proposed for fabrication of various parts including crucibles for molten chloride environment in pyrochemical reprocessing plant using metallic fuels in future fast breeder reactors. Plasma sprayed alumina-titania coatings has been chosen as top ceramic composite coating on high density graphite to reduce...

Plasma sprayed Al2O3-40wt% TiO2 coatings were subjected to a pulsed Nd:YAG laser melting with power densities of 640 and 800 kW/cm2 in order to minimize the surface porosity, micro-cracks, partially melted or unmelted regions, and achieving homogeneous microstructure. As-sprayed and the laser melted surface microstructure, chemical composition, mic...

Thermal barrier coatings are well known for the protection of high temperature components. Plasma sprayed yttria stabilized thermal barrier zirconia coating (PSZ) has been proposed for protection of various components in pyrochemical reprocessing plants involving molten LiCl-KCl salt for temperatures up to 600 C. The pores and micro-cracks present...