Jacques Roturier

• Docteur ès Sciences Physiques Université de Bordeaux (1968)
• Professor Emeritus at Université Bordeaux

1 40 ans d'Efficacité Energétique en Californie : Effet Rosenfeld, un prélude aux Politiques de Changements Climatiques Jacques ROTURIER Docteur-ès-Sciences Physiques Résumé Une décroissance parfaitement réussie ! Telle pourrait être, en résumé, la politique énergétique de la Californie. Désormais connue sous le nom de « Rosenfeld Effect », élab...

ENERGY EFFICIENCY, IEA's « FIRST FUEL » Jacques ROTURIER Independent researcher Most of decision-makers, think that only 3 ways are ensuring our Planet to stay under the 1°5 challenge : Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) or Compensation of Emissions when CCS’s are not possible, and, finally, fossil sources being definitely banned, shift to so-calle...

ABSTRACT Electronic office equipment represents a fast-growing but poorly understood component of the "other" end use in commercial buildings. We analyzed technical data and market projections to characterize the electricity usage and efficiency potential for this equipment. There were no published data on actual power consumption of office equipme...

Unlearned lessons from a forgotten crisis by Jacques Roturier - Bordeaux, France - jacquesroturier@orange.fr - DOI: 10.1051/epn/2013202 Through this letter I like to give the readers of Europhysics News a brief flashback to October 1973, now 40 years ago. I am referring to the OPEC oil embargo, also known as the first oil crisis. Up to then, energ...

De l'électronique à l'informatique, puis au Web, nul ne s'étonne plus des possibilités extraordinaires dont tout un chacun apprécie les bénéfices. L'Internet serait-il à ce point exceptionnel que son coût global, et pas seulement financier, soit négligeable ? Entreprise depuis presque 20 ans, mais longtemps occultée, l'étude de son impact énergétiq...

INTRÆRGY@ : The « Forget-Me-Not » Energy ABSTRACT As quoted in a German legend, (see Wikipedia), God named all the plants growing on the Earth. All, but a very tiny one that, being ignored, was claiming : "Forget-me-not, O Lord!". Hearing the request, God replied "That shall be your name”. Similarly, as long as the present energy-intensive mankind...

In the Office Equipment electricity end-use sector, the benefits of a perfect power management were demonstrated about 10 years ago. Nowadays, the Energy Star US-EPA label announced in June 1992 is, de facto, the international standard. As a consequence, recently purchased office equipment, taking into account its typical 50% conservation potential...

INTERNET VERSUS SUSTAINABLE PLAYERS : A “NO MORE EXAJOULES” COMMITMENT JACQUES ROTURIER Abstract : Coherently facing both the “Information Society” (IS) and “Sustainable Development Society” (SDS), let me (naively?) question the few scientists - out of 1 billion users - present to-day: consciously concerned with the continuous, apparently unlim...

L’émergence, puis l’explosion des applications de la microélectronique et, par suite, de l’Internet ouvrent en permanence de nouveaux domaines au sein de l’activité économique. De ce point de vue de grands espoirs sont ainsi fondés sur les Technologies de l‘Information et de la Communication (TIC) en vue de la mise en place d’un Développement réell...

Electronic office equipment represents a fast-growing but poorly understood component of the "other" end-use in commercial buildings. We have analyzed available data and market projections, to characterize electricity usage and efficiency potential. Measured power are typically 20-40 % of nameplate ratings. Power use varies for similar equipement;...

Spécifiquement identifiée au sein des politiques énergétiques, mais préoccupant rarement les usagers, la place déterminante prise par les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) parmi des principaux usages finaux de l’électricité a été définitivement établie, en 1987. Toutefois, cette face cachée des TIC, bien qu‘analysée de plus...

During the past 15 years, in the quest for energy-efficient Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), scientists from several universities - including the University of Bordeaux 1 since the outset -institutes, laboratories and consultants worldwide, have devoted much effort to convincing policy makers, manufacturers and users not to ignore...

In large university campuses, electricity and water uses are similar to those of medium-sized cities, as demonstrated by the Ecocampus European Collaboration. The diversity of activities and energy end-uses can be considered as significant as in a city where residential, commercial and industrial uses are present. The main goal of the paper is to d...

Participer à une Odyssée 2001, fut-elle des Energies Renouvelables, ne saurait se concevoir sans référence à HAL, ordinateur humanoïde qui eut le mauvais goût de s’affranchir du rôle qui lui fut assigné. N’anticipait-il pas ainsi nos modernes TIC auxquelles chacun demande toujours plus de monts et de merveilles sans imaginer que la médaille ait un...

Energie ++ , mot fondateur, et fédérateur de la Physique contemporaine, directement ou sous diverses autres appellations : fréquence, longueur d'onde, masse. Energie (électrique), élément essentiel au fonctionnement de l'ensemble des équipements scientifiques. Energie, thème oh combien délicat de débats … notamment depuis le premier grand choc pétr...

In the last 25 years, and as a key part of DSM programmes, the Market Transformation has been regarded by many policy-makers as one of the best ways to accelerate the dissemination of the Energy-Efficient Technologies. However, if objectively analysed, the present situation may show some discrepancies when comparing the expected goal (“conservation...

An analysis, by nuclear methods, of AF3 and MgF2 thin films has been made using 2.5 MeV He+; backscattered alpha -particles and K X-rays emitted in ( alpha ,X) reactions are observed. The impurity concentrations are strongly dependent on the conditions of preparation and can reach high values. Electrical properties of such thin films appear to be n...

The University of Bordeaux 1 chairs the European ECOCAMPUS i collaboration and in the last few years has carried out different studies aiming both to increase knowledge concerning the environmental impact of teaching and research activities in their " Scientific Process " and to disseminate a number of basic ideas to promote a voluntary " in-situ "...

Ce document est la synthèse des actions entreprises dans le cadre de l'étude MACEBUR du programme SAVE. Ce rapport ne concerne que la partie Française de l'étude. Les résultats présentés ici serviront pour la rédaction du rapport final de l'étude. L'ensemble de ces 8 sites présente des disparités importantes de leur taux d'équipement en TIC . Pour...

In the last past five years, in a certain relationship with the UN Conference of Rio de Janeiro (1992), several initiatives have been taken within the scientific community aiming to increase the concern for Sustainable Development issues : (i) under UNESCO’s International Association of Universities sponsorship, a Declaration has been published in...

In 1973, final energy consumption in the residential sector was 38 Mtoe, which could be broken down into 73% for heating, 15% for hot water and cooking and 11% for other specific electricity uses2. With the oil crisis, we became aware of the risk of shortages and efforts were focused on reducing our energy bills, especially for heating. Twenty year...

As well known, in the computers area where technologies are quickly improving, a successful market-pull strategy requirement is a strong co-operation with manufacturers. Remaining unconcerned by energy efficiency until the market gives them the right signal, it is not before 1992 that most of them became interested. That has resulted in the US-EPA...

The purpose of the present final report is to present to the DGXVII the work requested by the Commission of the European Communities, under Contract EC-DGXVII, # XVII/4.1301/S/94-87 - SAVE/PACE Programme - Project Manager : P. BERTOLDI). This report details the work undertaken and completed by the MACEBUR 1 Work Group 2. As demonstrated in the pr...

An important segment of the tertiary sector, namely the universities and research laboratories, usually remains outside the control of those decision-makers in charge of implementing Energy Efficiency and/or Environment Protection Programmes. In this sub-sector, the energy consumption, for example, is far from being optimised. This is either due to...

Ideally, universities and research laboratories (+) should be perfect places for all people : scientists, academic staff, engineers,... who, working therein, are actually concerned by energy and/or environmental issues. In such places, there is no doubt that when regarding the energy/environment challenges, an overall knowledge is available, i.e. t...

Que de chemin ans parcouru depuis 50 en performances informatiques, en fiabilité .... et en consommation d'électricité, entre les 100 kW du célèbre ENIAC et DEEP BLUE spécialement mis au point pour affronter KASPAROV aux échecs. Citons entre autres ce consultant américain racontant qu’au début des années 80, dans son entreprise, seules les femmes e...

Le bilan de ce séminaire est présenté. Il donne aux responsables de la communauté universitaire des éléments quantitatifs d’analyse permettant d’inclure les enjeux environnementaux du Développement Durable dans la gestion des établissements d’enseignement supérieur et les laboratoires de recherche sur la base du Principe de Cohérence (accorder la g...

As participants in the Energy-University-Environment (EUE) Seminar held in Bordeaux, France, we recognize that in most of our University Campuses or Research Laboratories, the management of natural resources, including energy and/or water use, is usually based on a "Laissez-faire" Policy.

The purpose of this final report is to lay before DGXVII the work commissioned by the Commission of the European Communities under Contract EC-DGXVII, Number 4.1031/E/92-07 (Project Managers : R.GREENWOOD and P. BERTOLDI). This report details the work undertaken and completed at an intermediate level by the "Energy-Efficient Office Technologies in...

This paper compares policies and programs in several European countries, Japan and the USA that could enhance the energy efficiency of office technology. Different programs are examined, including federal government programs. In some cases target values for power usage of office equipment have already been set through these federal government progr...

As a central element of the Information Ages, the microcomputer has invaded, during the last two decades, industrialised society. But while it brings benefits, its arrival also carries costs and risks. In the present paper a review of one of the less-considered aspects of this technology, the electricity consumption, is given. The authors point out...

Since the mid-seventies, electric utilities were faced with escalating construction costs, growing environmental plus siting constraints and increasing uncertainty in demand forecasting. To cope with the increasing demand for energy services, utilities can either invest in supply-side options (new generation, transmission and distribution facilitie...

Electronic office equipment represents a fast-growing but poorly understood component of the ''other'' end use in commercial buildings. We analyzed technical data and market projections to characterize the electricity usage and efficiency potential for this equipment. There were no published data on actual power consumption of office equipment, so...

The ''other'' end-use category represents up to 25% of electricity use in new US office buildings. Office electronic equipment, including mainframe and personal computers, peripherals, copy machines, and communications equipment, may account for 5 to 20% of daytime electrical loads in new offices, and is one of the fastest-growing components of com...

An anti-Compton Si(Li) X-ray spectrometer has been developed. The spectrometer consists of four detectors working in an anticoincidence mode. The performance of the system has been measured with 109Cd, 22Na and 60Co sources. An improvement of signal-to-background ratio equal to 300% is reported.

An experimental and theoretical study of electron capture by protons from a krypton gas jet target in the energy range 2-3 MeV is performed. A comparison of experimental data with the Continuum Distorted Wave theory reveals that electrons are captured predominantly from the 3d subshell of krypton. The role of the initial electronic angular momentum...

Projectile and target X-ray cross-sections have been measured in collisions of bare and hydrogenlike Silicon ions with argon atoms. Projectile energies are 125 MeV and 153 MeV, i.e. the intermediate velocity region forK-shell capture. Coincidence measurements between X-ray photons and the scattered Si n+ projectiles with charge statesn-1,n-2 andn-3...

The impact parameter dependence of the ionization of GoldL-subshells has been measured and compared to theoretical values calculated in the SCA framework by Aashamar et al. [17]. Special attention has been paid to large scattering angle measurements and results are obtained for0 lab=30, 45, 65, 90, 110, 130, 153 and 166. Taking into account the sum...

A new method for measuring compound-nucleus lifetimes in the range of 10-18-10-16 s is presented. The method is based on the comparison between the known lifetime of an atomic excited state used as a reference and the nuclear delay time to be measured. On-line coincidences performed between the nuclear reaction products and the emitted X-rays enabl...

The dependence on the scattering angle of the K-shell ionization probability has been measured with 0.5 MeV H+, 1 MeV D+ and 2 MeV He+ on copper targets. The experimental values are compared to SCA calculations corrected for binding, retardation and relativistic effects. The angular dependences are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions...

The K-shell ionization probability for silver has been measured at large angles up to 110°. A large increase has been found for the smallest impact parameters which can be explained by a dependence on the scattering angle calculated some years ago by Ciocchetti and Molinari. These theoretical results have been introduced in the binary-encounter app...

The absolute impact-parameter dependence of K-shell ionization probability I(p) has been measured in the range 10-12-10-11 cm at incident proton energies of 1 and 2 MeV with Al, Cu, and Ti targets. In the first part we give a condensed survey of previous results showing that a detailed investigation of I(p) behavior at very small impact parameters...

The use of direct observation of nuclear reactions (p,p′γ) is discussed. The main characteristics of this method are presented and applied to the case of the miroanalysis of Si, S and Zn in GaSb.

The method of direct observation of nuclear reactions is applied to the microanalysis of impurities. The use of the (p, p′γ) reactions is discussed in the case where resonant reactions are observed. Such a method allows, as indicated, a measurement of the profile of concentration.We discuss the results obtained in the determination of Si and S in G...

A simple method allowing the determination of energy loss and straggling of 1-4 MeV proton is presented. Nuclear resonant reactions are used. We discuss mainly the data conceming the straggling which has been compared to theoretical work from Bohr, Symon, Vavilov and Tschalar. We deduce from this comparison a phenomenological expression of the stra...

Gamma-ray spectra from the radiative capture of 14.06 MeV neutrons in natural Si, Rb, Sr and Y are investigated. The time-of-flight method is used to discriminate photons from scattered neutrons and to obtain about a 20 keV energy spread of incident neutrons. These results are compared with the theoretical predictions of direct and collective captu...

The reactions 89Y(p, gamma) 90Zr, 88Sr(p, gamma)89Y and 86Sr(p, gamma)87Yhave been studied at 3930 keV proton energy. A pair spectrometer consisting of two NaI(Tl) crystals and a Ge(Li) diode was used to measure thetheta-ray spectra. Six, four and five high-energy theta-ray transitions were observed respectively in 90Zr, 89Y and 87Y. The energies o...

Nous avons étudié l'influence des champs extranucléaires sur la corrélation angulaire entre les photons de désexcitation des états 3+ [MATH] 4+ [MATH] 2+ du cérium-140. Nous avons évalué la période de l'état intermédiaire : T = (3,4 ± 0,1) ns. La corrélation angulaire mesurée par une méthode différentielle se modifie au cours du temps t et tend à d...

We describe the improvements that we performed in our fast neutron spectrometer using a time-of-flight method. Our pulse shape uses avalanche transistors; the time-to-pulse height converter is similar to Grin's circuit. We get a resolution time (fwhm) of 0.95 ns (for a neutron scintillator 5 cm × 5 cm). To find the limit of this resolution time, we...

A study of inelastic scattering by 14-Mev neutrons on a /sup 12/C target by a time-of-flight method gave the differential cross section for the levels at 4.43, 7.66, 9.6, and 10.1 Mev. The dependence on angle seems, at least for the first and second levels, to favor a direct interaction. (auth)