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Publications (145)
Mathematical creativity is rooted in the intellectual abilities and personality traits
of each individual, in which the direct influence of education is only moderate.
However, education could have more influence on three important components
of creativity: expertise, original thinking, and intrinsic motivation, which underlie
individual creative p...
The French adaptation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children, 5th edition (WISC-V) was an opportunity to examine if some common representations of gender differences in intellectual abilities are supported by empirical evidence. The WISC-V standardization sample provided data on a wide range of cognitive tests in a large sample of 6-to 16-y...
Creativity is the very essence of scientific research. Without creativity, there can be no discovery and no scientific progress. In this chapter, we show that scientific creativity can be stimulated by appropriate education. After explaining the nature of scientific creativity, we present the main obstacles that can hinder its development. The role...
The items of intelligence tests can demonstrate differential item functioning across different groups: cross-sample differences in item difficulty or discrimination, independently of any difference of ability. This is also true of comparisons over time: as the cultural context changes, items may increase or decrease in difficulty. This phenomenon i...
Ngay khi các mô hình lý thuyết đầu tiên về các năng lực cảm xúc ra đời, một trong những vấn đề chính được đưa ra bàn luận là những quan niệm phương Tây hiện đại này có thể được áp dụng đến đâu trong các xã hội có những đặc trưng văn hóa khác biệt. Khám phá góc nhìn riêng của mỗi nền văn hóa về thế nào là một người hoặc một trẻ « ổn về mặt cảm xúc »...
Introduction.-The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults-4 th Edition (WAIS-IV) is widely used in France and French-speaking countries for clinical assessment and research. This scale has excellent metric qualities ; there is ample evidence of the validity and reliability of its scores. However, it takes 60 to 90 min to complete the full test. That...
De nombreuses représentations circulent à propos des différences de compétences cognitives en fonction du genre. Ces représentations sociales influencent les attitudes des parents et des enseignants, et peuvent avoir d'importantes conséquences en termes d'orientation scolaire. La publication du WISC-V nous offre l'opportunité d'examiner ces représe...
In 2015, Dutton and Lynn published an account of a decrease of intelligence in France (negative Flynn effect) which had considerable societal impact. This decline was argued to be biological. However, there is good reason to be skeptical of these conclusions. The claim of intelligence decline was based on the finding of lower scores on the WAIS-III...
This article introduces the development and validation of a self-report questionnaire: the Children's Emotion Regulation scale in Mathematics (CERS-M). Results highlighted a) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses , a meaningful six-factor model (emotion expression, task utility self-persuasion, help-seeking, negative self-talk, brief...
Điều hòa cảm xúc ở cả trẻ em và người lớn là một trong những thành tố chủ chốt của trí tuệ cảm xúc và đã được chứng minh là có ảnh hưởng quan trọng lên các khía cạnh hành vi và sức khỏe tinh thần. Đặc biệt, khi nghiên cứu về điều hòa cảm xúc của trẻ em, các yếu tố cảm xúc trong môi trường gia đình được ưu tiên nghiên cứu kỹ lưỡng. Nghiên cứu định l...
Emotional intelligence (EI) can be defined as the ability to identify, express, understand, manage, and use emotions. EI has been shown to have an important impact on health, relationships, and work/academic performance. In this article, we present a systematic review of 46 EI intervention studies on adult populations in order to assess their outco...
L’échelle d’intelligence de Wechsler pour les enfants (WISC) est aujourd'hui le test d'intelligence le plus largement utilisé par les psychologues francophones. Le professeur Jacques Grégoire a été le premier à proposer un ouvrage de base en français consacré à ce test, rapidement devenu une référence utilisée par les formateurs et les praticiens....
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE FLYNN EFFECT? Definition The Flynn effect (FE) is a generational phenomenon in which average Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores have been found to increase across time in developed countries at a startlingly consistent rate of approximately 0.33 points per year, or 3.3 points per decade (Flynn, 1984, 1987). This occurs beca...
Creativity is a crucial issue in science. Scientifi c research should not be restricted to the logical development and application
of known ideas, but should promote new ideas to expand knowledge beyond the existing frontiers. Stimulating scientifi c
creativity means not only giving a boost to creative thinking, but also taking into account the fac...
La dispersion intra-individuelle, omniprésente dans les scores de QI, découle de la construction des tests d'intelligence, développés pour évaluer des aptitudes cognitives distinctes en plus du facteur g. La différenciation croissante des aptitudes selon le QI tend à entraîner une dispersion accrue chez les HQI, sans cause pathologique. La régressi...
In many publications, hypersensitivity is a trait associated with high intellectual potential. Despite the clinical significance given to hypersensitivity in the population of high potential people, studies evaluating this feature on the basis of physiological data are almost nonexistent. In the current study, the emotional reactivity of 29 high-po...
The second edition of the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests was prepared between 2005 and 2015 to improve upon the first edition, and to respond to advances in testing technology and practices. The 18 guidelines are organized into six categories to facilitate their use: pre-condition (3), test development (...
Résumé L’attachement mère-enfant a été étudié depuis longtemps. Ces études ont démontré le rôle prédictif de l’attachement sur le QI au cours de la période préscolaire et scolaire. Cependant, plusieurs points importants issus de la théorie de l’attachement ont été peu étudiés. Premièrement, peu d’études se sont centrées sur la relation prédictive i...
Evolution in the assessment of intellectual functions, between tradition and innovation
The French publication of the WISC-V is an opportunity to have a critical look at the foundations and utility of the measurements of intelligence provided by the Wechsler scales. This article examines the conceptual foundation of these scales, from the concept o...
L’attachement mère-enfant a été étudié depuis longtemps. Ces études ont démontré le rôle prédictif de l’attachement sur le QI au cours de la période préscolaire et scolaire. Cependant, plusieurs points importants issus de la théorie de l’attachement ont été peu étudiés. Premièrement, peu d’études se sont centrées sur la relation prédictive inverse,...
Les tests d’intelligence les plus utilisés aujourd’hui dans le monde
sont des tests de performance, mais est-ce la seule manière d’évaluer les capacités
cognitives ? D’autres méthodologies existent, notamment les évaluations
auto et hétéro-rapportées, qui consistent à demander au sujet ou à son
entourage, soit d’estimer directement son degré d’inte...
This article introduces the development and validation of a self-report questionnaire:
the Children’s Emotion Regulation scale in Mathematics (CERS-M).
Results highlighted a) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a meaningful six-factor model (emotion expression, task utility selfpersuasion, help-seeking, negative self-talk, brief a...
Mother-child attachment has been studied for a long time. The predictive role of attachment on IQ has been highlighted during preschool and elementary school years. However, several important points related to attachment theory have been less studied. First, few studies have focused on the reverse prediction, from IQ to attachment. Second, a limite...
The Flynn effect is undoubtedly one of the most puzzling observations made during the last 30 years in the domain of human intelligence. In 1984, Flynn published an article in which he analyzed 73 U.S. studies (N total=7431) comparing the scores on several intelligence tests across time (Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales and Wechsler scales). All...
Many Flynn effect (FE) studies compare scores across different editions of Wechsler’s IQ tests. When construct changes are introduced by the test developers in the new edition, however, the presumed generational effects are difficult to untangle from changes due to test content. To remove this confound, we use the same edition of Wechsler Intellige...
The diagnostic criteria of language and/or reading disorders evolved the last ten years. In the DSM-5, the criterion of a significant discrepancy between the linguistic and reading skills and the scores on intelligence tests was withdrawn. However, the diagnostic of intellectual disabilities must be ruled out before a diagnostic of language disorde...
In this article, we examine two activities, which are part of the clinical examination, classifying and measuring. Both may appear normative, the first one because it defines a caesura between pathology and mental health, the second because it induces a comparison with the average scores of the population. We show that some use of classifications a...
The Vietnamese language has a specific property related to the zero in the name-number system. This study was conducted to examine the impact of linguistic differences and of the zero's position in a number on a transcoding task (verbal number into Arabic number). Vietnamese children and French-speaking Belgian children, from grades 3 to 6, partici...
This study tested the processing of ratios of natural numbers in school-age children. Nine- and eleven-year-olds were presented collections made up of orange and grey dots (i.e., nonsymbolic format) and fractions (i.e., symbolic format). They were asked to estimate ratios between the number of orange dots and the total number of dots and fractions...
Emotional Competence (EC), which refers to individual differences in the identification, understanding, expression, regulation and use of one's own emotions and those of others, has been found to be an important predictor of individuals' adaptation to their environment. Higher EC is associated with greater happiness, better mental and physical heal...
English version of the “PEC” questionnaire.
(DOCX)
IntroductionResearch on depression in children (Vrielynck, Deplus & Philippot, 2007) has documented that an overgeneral memory in autobiographical recall constitutes a vulnerability factor for affective disorders. Until now, no valid and reliable instrument in French was available to measure this variable in school-age children.Objective
The object...
The two studies conducted by Weiss, Keith, Zhu, and Chen in 2013 on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), respectively, provide strong evidence for the validity of a four-factor solution corresponding to the current hierarchical model of both scales. These analyses support the ca...
Cet article présente deux études de validation de l’Emotion Regulation Question - naire (Gross & John, 2003) traduit en français et adapté à la situation de préparation d’un examen universitaire. Cet outil mesure l’utilisation de deux stratégies de régulation émotionnelle : la réévaluation cognitive (changer sa façon de penser une situation émotion...
The IQ ≥ 130 used as a classical index of high intellectual potential raises several problems. In this paper, these problems are analyzed and their practical consequences are discussed. A general model of high intellectual potential development is then described. This model should be used as a framework for diagnostic. It emphasizes the difference...
Temptations besiege us, and we must resist their appeal if we are to achieve our long-term goals. In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive reappraisal could be used to successfully maintain performance in a task embedded in temptation. In Study 1, 62 participants had to search for information on the Internet while resisting attractiv...
One of the major obstacles in the learning process is temptation, which has the power to divert students from even their most important goals (e.g. getting a degree). In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive reappraisal could be used to successfully resist temptation. Participants had to memorize tedious material while being tempted...
Gender differences have been reported frequently for mathematical performance of boys and girls but usually not before adolescence. Therefore, developmental origins of a possible male advantage in numerical skills are understudied. In a large sample of second graders from four European countries, we found significant gender differences in favour of...
There are currently multiple explanations for mathematical learning disabilities (MLD). The present study focused on those assuming that MLD are due to a basic numerical deficit affecting the ability to represent and to manipulate number magnitude ( Butterworth, 1999 , 2005 ; A. J. Wilson & Dehaene, 2007 ) and/or to access that number magnitude rep...
This study mainly investigated the specificity of the processing of fraction magnitudes. Adults performed a magnitude-estimation task on fractions, the ratios of collections of dots, and the ratios of surface areas. Their performance on fractions was directly compared with that on nonsymbolic ratios. At odds with the hypothesis that the symbolic no...
Little is known about the causes of cross-cultural specifics of numerical development. The authors examined effects of inversion (a linguistic effect) on three different numerical tasks in 220 second graders from France, Wallonia, Flanders, Germany, and Austria tested for the standardization of the dyscalculia test TEDI-MATH. Results revealed that...
This study aimed to investigate (a) whether it is possible to increase emotional competence (EC) in adulthood; (b) whether this improvement results in better mental, physical, and social adjustment; (c) whether this improvement can be maintained 1 year later; and (d) whether these benefits are accompanied by a reduction in stress-hormone secretion...
Quand un étudiant se retrouve en situation de tentation, ses parents/professeurs usent fréquemment de leur autorité pour le convaincre de persister dans son apprentissage. La présente étude propose une autre stratégie : la réé-valuation cognitive. Elle consiste à changer la signification de la situation. Quatre-vingt-dix participants ont mémorisé d...
This chapter presents the research that demonstrates the differences in Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) change in various subgroups of the population and the variations in score change across time in different test domains and under different test constructs. The magnitude of the Flynn effect observed across domains and under multiple test constructs are comp...
Learning about decimal fractions is difficult because it requires an extension of the number concept built on natural numbers. The aim of the present study was to investigate developmental changes in children's misconceptions in decimal fraction processing. A large sample of children from Grades 3 to 6 performed a numerical comparison task on diffe...
Intelligence tests are both widely used and are the most controversial tests. In this paper, we present, first, the reasons why psychologists continue to use these instruments. Then, we examine the models on which intelligence tests are based. Cultural relativity and complexity inherent in intellectual measurements are explained as well as their pr...
This study investigated adults' ability to compare the magnitude of fractions without common components (e.g., 5/7 and 3/8), and the representation accessed in that process. We hypothesized that the absence of common components would enhance access to the magnitude of the fractions (i.e., a holistic representation) rather than a direct comparison o...
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) does not include verbal IQ and performance IQ scores, as provided in previous editions of the scale; rather, this edition provides comparisons among four index scores, allowing analysis of an individual's WAIS-IV performance in more discrete domains of cognitive ability. To supplement t...
Word-finding difficulty, although present in several developmental pathologies, is still a linguistic disorder underdiagnosed in the child. The examination of these lexical access difficulties is often hampered by lack of tools for evaluation. This study presents, on the one hand, a battery of computerized tests to evaluate lexical access difficult...
L’etude porte sur le developpement de l’intelligence emotionnelle (IE) trait chez les adolescents a hauts potentiels. L’IE est evaluee au moyen du Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (version francaise). Les competences sociales et academiques sont evaluees au moyen de l’inventaire d’adaptation socioaffective d’Achenbach. L’echantillon est c...
Les enfants à haut potentiel sont souvent décrits comme créatifs. Toutefois, plusieurs auteurs affirment que cette créativité n'est pas un attribut de leur intelligence, mais une caractéristique psychologique distincte qui peut ou non se combiner avec une intelligence exceptionnelle. Les modèles actuels de la créativité considèrent que celle-ci est...
EnglishFor more than ten years, gifted children have attracted media attention. Such a situation contrasts with the limited number of scientific studies devoted to these children. However, several questions about giftedness would deserve substantial research. These questions belong to four main categories. The first category refers to the identific...
Trait emotional intelligence in adolescents with high potential: specificities and links with academic achievement and social competences
This study investigated the development of emotional intelligence trait among gifted adolescents. Emotional intelligence was assessed with the French adaptation of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (...
Résumé Les enfants à haut potentiel sont souvent décrits comme créatifs. Toutefois, plusieurs auteurs affirment que cette créativité n’est pas un attribut de leur intelligence, mais une caractéristique psychologique distincte qui peut ou non se combiner avec une intelligence exceptionnelle. Les modèles actuels de la créativité considèrent que celle...
How to identify, characterize and educate gifted children?
For more than ten years, gifted children have attracted media attention. Such a situation contrasts with the limited number of scientific studies devoted to these children. However, several questions about giftedness would deserve substantial research. These questions belong to four main ca...
This study investigated whether the mental representation of the fraction magnitude was componential and/or holistic in a numerical comparison task performed by adults. In Experiment 1, the comparison of fractions with common numerators (x/a_x/b) and of fractions with common denominators (a/x_b/x) primed the comparison of natural numbers. In Experi...
The French-speaking researchers and clinicians who assess intelligence with the WAIS-III, but have few time or evaluate individuals unable to cope with long standardized tasks, have often to construct their own short scale, arbitrarily selecting some subtests or shortening these subtests without respect of their psychometrical properties. In this s...
Rips et al.'s proposition cannot account for the facts that (1) a historical look at the word number systems suggests that the concept of natural numbers has been progressively elaborated; (2) people from cultures without an elaborate counting system do not master the concept of natural numbers; (3) children take time to master natural numbers; and...
