Jacques Bergeron

Université de Montréal | UdeM · Department of Psychology

Young adults that drive after cannabis use (DACU) may not share all the same characteristics. This study aimed to identify typologies of Canadians who engage in DACU. About 910 cannabis users with a driver's license (17–35 years old) who have engaged in DACU completed an online questionnaire. Two‐step cluster analysis identified four subgroups, bas...

LA SÉCURITÉ DES ENFANTS AUX ABORDS DES ÉCOLES ET DES TERRAINS DE JEU

This study identifid the most prominent risk factors associated with driving after cannabis use (DACU). 1,126 Canadian drivers (17-35 years old) who have used cannabis in the past 12 months completed an online questionnaire about sociodemographic information, substance use habits, cannabis effect expectancies, driving behaviours and peers' behaviou...

Concerns about road safety are at the forefront of discussions given the recent legalization of cannabis in many areas. Some studies have demonstrated that the frequency of cannabis use is a significant predictor of risky driving among young drivers. However, it is difficult to isolate the specific contribution of substance use from the influence o...

S’il est actuellement trop tôt pour avoir une idée précise de l’impact de la COVID-19 sur l’ensemble du bilan routier, des études déjà publiées ou en cours de réalisation indiquent que la pandémie et les périodes de confinement général accroissent les risques routiers chez certains types d’usagers. Ainsi en dépit (ou en raison) de la diminution de...

Introduction Most of the studies that evaluate risk of dangerous driving in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) examine the role of sleepiness. It is known that fatigue is also a very common complaint among drivers with OSA, however, fatigue and sleepiness are rarely examined separately when assessing risk for dangerous driving in this...

Le présent travail rapporte les travaux réalisés au cours de la dernière année dans le but d’approfondir les relations entre les comportements et attitudes des jeunes conducteurs en lien avec la consommation de cannabis, la conduite après usage de cannabis, et la prise de risques sur la route. Le rapport décrit d’une part une recension des écrits s...

Growing scientific literature evaluates the impact of traffic-calming devices in terms of mobility behavior and safety, but little is known about their perceived impact from the point of view of children. Our study asks children about their perceptions of different traffic-calming measures around their schools. It draws on data gathered through eig...

Background: A recent study supports the theory that there’s a significative relation between symptoms of depression and dangerous driving patterns of behaviour (McDonald, Sommers & Fargo, 2014) . Another study linked anxiety symptoms to patterns of behavior while driving - concluding that anxiety negatively influences decision-making process involv...

A study on the relationships between cannabis use, psychological distress. driving under the influence of cannabis and risk-taking on the road.

A recent study supports the theory that there’ s a significative relation between symptoms of depression and dangerous driving patterns of behaviour (McDonald, Sommers & Fargo, 2014). 490 participants (aged between 18 and 65) answered the GHQ-12 questionnaire and the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) (Dula & Ballard, 2003). Results indicate that...

Étude des relations entre les habitudes de consommation de cannabis, le trait d’impulsivité, et la prise de risques au volant. Attitudes et perceptions des jeunes adultes usagers de cannabis, et observations sur simulateur de conduite.

Because pedestrian crash rates remain lower than other collision types, surrogate measures such as traffic interactions are now used in road safety research to complement crash history. Using naturalistic data collection, we sought to assess 1) the likelihood of occurrence of interactions between pedestrians and vehicles based on individual and cro...

Rapport de recherche préparé pour le Ministère des transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l’Électrification des transports (Québec). Programme de recherche en sécurité routière FQRNT-MTQ-FRSQ Dossier : 2013-SO-170806 : « La sécurité aux abords des écoles et des terrains de jeu : évaluation des interventions récentes et élaboration d’outils pour...

This study examined whether patterns of cannabis use would predict levels of self-reported hazardous driving behavior. As an increasing number of publications indicate, people who drive under the influence of cannabis seem to exhibit a careless driving style that exposes them to a higher risk of being involved in traffic accidents. A total of 254 y...

Impact de la légalisation du cannabis sur la conduite automobile. Peut-on s’attendre à une augmentation de la fréquence des comportements de conduite avec facultés affaiblies par le cannabis suite à l’éventuelle adoption par le gouvernent canadien d’un projet de loi sur la légalisation du cannabis ? À cet égard, quelles sont les expériences des ét...

INTRODUCTION: As both the normal aging and the automatization of skills have impact on cognitive workload and on the availability of cognitive resources for a given task, it would be germane to evaluate the differential relationship between the underlying cognitive abilities and age of drivers, and their resultant susceptibility to stress and cogni...

De façon à mieux comprendre les facteurs causant l’insécurité routière du sous- groupe de la population constitué des piétons âgés , le présent projet a poursuivi trois objectifs complémentaires : 1) Identifier les caractéristiques environnementa les et contextuelles qui font augmenter le risque chez les piétons âgés par une analyse des lieux d’acc...

Aging population is a worldwide phenomenon and in the next forty years, it will increase importantly. Older drivers are more at risk of injuries and deaths than other groups of drivers (e.g., Brorsson, 1989 ; Cotrell & Wild, 1999 ; Gresset & Meyer, 1994 ; Stutts, Wilkins & Vaughn, 2004). Fatigue has been identified as a leading cause of accidents a...

The literature indicates that diminished daytime functioning is not related to sleepiness in isolation, but that fatigue, sleep duration and age also play significant roles (Bailes, et al., 2006; Norman, 2008; Sforza, 2010; Vandongen, 2003; Ward, Hillman, James, & Brenmer, 2013). Even in a sample of individuals with sleep apnea, who are traditional...

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a treatment approach that has received increasing evidentiary support over the past 25 years, particularly in the addictions literatures. While evidence for the effectiveness of MI to modify health behaviors in adults is strong, evidence supporting its use with adolescents is just emerging. The objective of the pre...

De nombreux pays ont mis sur pied des programmes de promotion des modes de déplacement actif dans le but de diminuer la sédentarité chez les jeunes ainsi que les problèmes de santé qui y sont associés. Or, les craintes vis-à-vis de la sécurité de leur enfant constitue l'une des principales raisons invoquées par de nombreux parents pour privilégier...

La conduite avec les facultés affaiblies par l’alcool (CFA) représente la principale cause de décès criminel au Canada. Pour faire face à cette réalité, ici, comme ailleurs, diverses sanctions et interventions ont été mises en place. Or, si le nombre de décès global sur la route a connu une forte baisse au cours des dernières années dans les pays i...

Introduction: The role of cannabis consumption in traffic crashes is unclear and the causal link between cannabis and collisions is still to be demonstrated. While cannabis use is very likely to impair driving ability, there is as yet no overwhelming evidence that cannabis use in isolation contributes more to collisions than other characteristics...

This study aimed to assess HIV knowledge, risk perception and risk behaviour of ex-offenders at risk of new infection and to compare them with the general population. A case-control interview study was conducted with conveniently sampled ex-offenders and persons with no history of incarceration in four countries (Canada, France, Ivory Coast, South...

Selon certaines études, les personnes consommant régulièrement du cannabis adopteraient des comportements de conduite dangereux pouvant contribuer à une surestimation des collisions attribuées à la conduite sous l’effet du cannabis. La présente étude a pour but de vérifier si la fréquence de consommation de cannabis peut prédire des niveaux auto-ra...

A motivational sequence was used as a theoretical framework for studying reactive aggressive driving. Study 1 tested the validity of the sequence “perceived intentionality-anger-reactive aggressive driving” and assessed the impact of coping on anger and reactive aggressive driving. The ecological validity of the same sequence was verified in Study...

While cannabis use is very likely to impair driving ability, there is as yet no overwhelming evidence that cannabis use in isolation contributes more to motor collisions than other characteristics inherent to cannabis users. As noted in a growing body of literature (1), individuals driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) seem to exhibit a ge...

The primary goal of this study was to determine whether cannabis use patterns could predict levels of self-reported risk-taking behaviour while driving and road traffic violations. A second objective was to verify if DUIC is associated with the probability of being involved in a collision while controlling for potential confounding variables (i.e....

Le présent document porte sur l’évaluation des activités réalisées dans le cadre du programme «Mon école à pied à vélo !» au cours des trois dernières années et sur l’évaluation de l’impact de ces activités depuis la mise sur pied du projet par Vélo Québec Association. Ce programme a pour principal objectif d’amener les élèves fréquentant une école...

The main goals of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational techniques in the treatment provided to young cannabis users, taking into account personality variables and the level of motivation at the onset of treatment. Participants were 106 boys and girls (aged 14 to 18) in treatment for cannabis abuse. Individual practitioners a...

The Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) is a cross-cultural validated instrument that measures simultaneously various manifestations of behaviours, cognitions, and affects associated with dangerous driving. The aims of the study were to translate the DDDI into French and then to verify the validity and reliability of the French version of the scale...

The international research group on psychosocial and cultural determinants of risk behaviours among risk persons included researchers from different universities and research centers from five countries and three continents. The research group is associated or collaborates also with community groups, non governmental groups and international assoc...

Le présent rapport porte sur l’évaluation des activités réalisées dans le cadre du programme «Mon école à pied à vélo !» pendant l’année scolaire 2009-2010 et sur l’évaluation de l’impact de ces activités depuis la mise sur pied du projet par Vélo Québec Association. Le programme a pour principal objectif d’amener les élèves fréquentant une école p...

Risk-taking might underlie a dual self-regulation process: 1) Reach achievement needs (Compensation), and 2) Escape negative emotions (Escape). The aim of this study is to verify the effects of Compensation and Escape on 3 dimensions of risk taking in snowboard and alpine skiing: 1) Intentional reckless behaviours, 2) Security behaviours and 3) Spo...

https://aqtr.com/association/actualites/pietons-cyclistes-vehicules-lourds-cohabitation-risque-facilitee-dispositifs-sti-detection-usagers ...... Il se produit trop d’événements malheureux où des piétons et des cyclistes sont blessés ou même happés mortellement par un autobus ou par un camion lourd. Selon les chauffeurs, c’est la témérité de la vi...

Speeding is a preventable risky behavior that contributes to risk of accident. Readiness to change reflects an individual's recognition of and desire to change behavior. No measure to identify readiness to change has yet been validated for speeding. The Readiness to Change Questionnaire appraises readiness to change drinking behavior. The questionn...

Depuis les annees 2000, on estime que de 5 % a 8 % des jeunes Quebecois eprouvent des difficultes importantes de consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA), ce qui pose la question cruciale des traitements de ces problemes. Cet article propose d’abord un survol des principaux services offerts aux jeunes et des facteurs, lies ou non au traitemen...

Driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) is the leading cause of criminal deaths in Canada. DWI repeat offenders have been identified as an "at-risk" group because of their overrepresentation in fatal crashes. This article precisely addresses: (1) issues related to DWI, (2) profile of DWI repeat offenders and (3) interventions to prevent DWI recidiv...

The objective of this article is to explore the factors that influence parental risk perceptions of child pedestrian injuries in the elementary school context. Parents (n=193) from six different schools responded to a questionnaire on road safety, including a measure of their risk perception. Results of bivariate analyses show that eight variables...

L’examen d’études théoriques et empiriques portant sur le risque et la prévention d’accidents dans des domaines variés semble avoir une pertinence particulière quand il s’agit d’aborder l’étude des comportements à risque dans le domaine de la santé, tels que les relations sexuelles non protégées, et l’analyse des facteurs de prévention associés à l...

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between passion for driving and aggressive driving behavior in 3 studies. Study 1 examined the association between passion and aggressive driving behavior in a sample of undergraduate students. Results showed that an obsessive passion for driving was associated with aggressive...

Le présent rapport porte sur l’évaluation des activités réalisées dans le cadre du Programme «Mon école à pied à vélo» pendant l’année scolaire 2008-2009 et sur l’évaluation de l’impact de ces activités depuis la mise sur pied du projet par Vélo Québec Association. Le programme a pour principal objectif d’amener les enfants du primaire à intégrer l...

Among road users, pedestrians are those whose continued trajectory is the less constrained by the environment and by the regulation rules. Consequently, the choice of where, when and how to cross roads are more or less conforming with the awaited behavior. Proceeding with an experimental approach. from observations of pedestrian crossings to the mo...

Treatment of criminalized individuals with addictions poses a number of difficulties. One of these difficulties is linked to the lack of validity – perceived or real – of self report. Lack of validity of self-report data could compromise the treatment process itself as well as the assessment of changes that have occurred in the course of treatment....

This study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of an self-report inventory designed to tackle risk-taking behaviors in snowboarding and alpine skiing in adolescents. Data from a sample of 684 teenage snowboarders and alpine skiers were collected in 2 high schools located close to ski stations in the Province of Quebec, Canada. A maximum...

Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) has become a growing concern. Studies investigating the impact of DUIC on traffic safety have shown evidence that, during the acute period of cannabis intoxication, cannabis diminishes driving faculties and is associated with an elevated risk of collision. However, DUIC drivers seem to exhibit a genera...

Cet article fait le bilan de six recherches evaluatives menees par une equipe de chercheurs du RISQ (Recherche et intervention sur les substances psychoactives – Quebec) sur les traitements offerts au Quebec, principalement dans les centres de readaptation publics, entre 1991 et 2005. Objectifs. Ces etudes avaient pour but d’evaluer : 1) si les par...

Treatment dropout is an important concern for professionals working in mental health. While this problem is common, the highest attrition rates have been observed in drug rehabilitation programmes. The present study focuses on the therapeutic alliance, a process variable that has been associated repeatedly with positive treatment outcome in the sci...

Illusory depth perception experienced in driving simulators is afforded by monocular depth information contained in visual displays. Presumably binocular convergence and binocular disparity, though useful for depth perception in real environments, may poorly contribute to illusory depth in a driving simulator. Instead, they may generate conflicting...

Two categories of dangerous behaviours are often confounded: aggressive driving and risky driving. The study's aim is to differentiate on-road aggressiveness from deliberate risky behaviours by identifying specific psychological traits, self-report driving habits and manoeuvres on a driving simulator. Participants were men aged 17 to 50 years old....

We report the behavioral analysis of more than 4000 pedestrians crossings of streets that were observed in different 12 Montreal sites. These systematic observations were made using a grid including 20 variables. While some variables relate to the sight and to the moving behavior before and all along the crossing, such as pathways as well as red li...

Two studies were conducted on risk perceptions, attitudes about alcohol and cannabis use, and driving behaviour of adolescents and young adults. The aim of Study 1 was to investigate attitudes and driving behaviours, as well as social influences associated with alcohol and/or cannabis consumption, in a sample of 196 female and 157 male participant...

This study examines variables that could predict treatment perseverance and impact for offenders (N = 124) admitted to one of five rehabilitation centers for alcoholics/drug addicts representing different regions of the province of Quebec. Information was col- lected on time spent in treatment, alcohol/drug use-related problems, motivation to chang...

Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is a growing concern. Studies investigating the impact of DUIC on traffic safety show evidence that in the acute period of intoxication, cannabis reduces specific driving faculties and is associated with an elevated risk of collision. However, DUIC drivers seem to exhibit a general reckless driving sty...

Résumé La prévalence de l’usage du cannabis et celle de la conduite sous l’influence du cannabis présentent une évolution à la hausse au Canada. En conséquence, il importe d’étudier les effets délétères de cette substance psychoactive (SPA) sur la sécurité routière. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les liens entre l’usage de cannabis et...

The principal objective of this experiment was to test how a subject can control his approach towards several simulated car-targets in different contexts of carfollowing and overtaking. We assume that these complex situations may influence driving performance according to the difficulty in perceiving distances properly. A second objective was to ev...

Le profil des récidivistes en matière de conduite avec les capacités affaiblies (CCA) : • On retrouve des récidivistes dans tous les groupes d’âge, niveaux de scolarité et niveaux de revenus ; mais ils sont en général moins scolarisés que l’ensemble de la population, ont moins de ressources pécuniaires et sont nombreux à avoir des problèmes d’emplo...

This study examines variables that could predict treatment perseverance and impact for offenders (N = 124) admitted to one of five rehabilitation centers for alcoholics/drug addicts representing different regions of the province of Quebec. Information was collected on time spent in treatment, alcohol/drug use-related problems, motivation to change,...

  The aim of this experiment was to test, in a driving simulator, how a subject can control his approach towards several simulated car-targets in different driving contexts. We assume that increasing complexity might influence driving performance according to the difficulty of perceiving distances properly. The subjects’ first task consisted of pla...

The objective of the present study is to elaborate and validate a measurement which would allow us to identify the circumstances and levels of pedestrian exposure to the potential dangers of daily activity-travel patterns in the region of Montreal. A review of the literature led us to construct three simple models and a composite model of exposure...

According to a report by the Quebec Automobile Insurance Agency (SAAQ) published in 2001, bicyclists are more likely to be victims of automobile accidents in urban areas and they are particularly at risk in the City of Montreal. Several factors are advanced to explain the frequency with which bicyclists are involved in road accidents: their habits...

Résumé Le but de la présente étude consiste à construire et valider un instrument de mesure de langue française basé sur la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci et Ryan, 1985). À cette fin, 352 personnes ont été recrutées dans un centre public de réadaptation pour personnes alcooliques et toxicomanes. Dans l’ensemble, les qualités psychométriques d...