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Introduction
Jacqui Frair works at SUNY ESF as the Associate Director of the Roosevelt Wild Life Station, Curriculum Coordinator of the Wildlife Science major, and Associate Professor. Her current research involves identifying limiting factors for moose along their southern range limit in the eastern United States, designing a large-scale assessment of river otter populations across New York State, understanding the drivers of felid persistence in fragmented Atlantic Forest in Brazil, and the behavioral and spatial ecology of lion conflict in Tanzania.
Current institution
Publications
Publications (72)
Regrowth of forests across the northeastern United States in recent decades has allowed for range expansion of many forest‐dependent mammals in the region. However, these contemporary forests have smaller patch sizes, putting humans in closer proximity to previously remote forested areas, and different species compositions and structure compared to...
Echinococcus is a genus of cestode parasites of paramount veterinary and medical importance globally. Two species, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis, are endemic to North America and are the etiologic agents of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. North America is currently experiencing a...
Context
Many studies have documented the magnitude and socioecological drivers of livestock depredation, yet few have assessed how observations of depredation might vary with spatiotemporal scale. Understanding scaling relationships may allow for more accurate aggregation of observations collected across diverse extents and resolutions to better in...
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are an effective tool used to suppress rodent populations in urban and agricultural settings to reduce human disease risk and economic loss, but widespread use has resulted in adverse effects on predators globally. Attention has largely been focused on impacts of ARs on raptors, although there is increasing evidence...
Estimating species distribution and abundance is foundational to effective management and conservation.
Using an integrated species distribution model that combines presence‐only data from various sources with detection/non‐detection data from structured surveys, we estimated the distribution and expected abundance of three difficult‐to‐monitor mam...
These are the data, MCMC samplers, and processing and run scripts for an inhomogeneous Poisson point process model to integrate detection/non-detection data and presence-only data to estimate the expected abundance of species. This model enables the user to integrate these two datatypes by assuming they share the same underlying data-generating pro...
Studies in parts of Europe, New Zealand, and North America indicate uptake of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) by predatory mammals to be widespread and common, with proximity to urban and agricultural areas being an important driver of exposure. Yet, little is known regarding the patterns and drivers of AR exposure in predatory mammals within more...
Human influences on natural environments are now ubiquitous but manifest in multiple and unique ways depending on local environments and communities. Attempts to control, or mediate, local pests to residences or to agriculture can impart important negative consequences on systems. Secondary exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) can cause num...
Protected areas serve as population strongholds for many large carnivores, with multi‐use landscapes along their borders forming the front‐lines of wildlife conservation. Understanding large carnivore population dynamics within working landscapes is difficult where anthropogenic mortality is high and unregulated. This study focused on working ranch...
Camera traps are often used to monitor wildlife occupancy and, increasingly, to record life history events. For tree‐denning species such as fishers ( Pekania pennanti ), camera traps have been used to investigate reproduction (e.g., litter size and kit survival) by documenting females with kits as they move between trees. Yet, unbiased quantificat...
In the Adirondack Park region of northern New York, USA, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces) co-occur along a temperate-boreal forest ecotone. In this region, moose exist as a small and vulnerable low-density population and over-browsing by white-tailed deer is known to reduce regeneration, sustainability, and health...
Background
Gloger’s rule postulates that animals should be darker colored in warm and humid regions where dense vegetation and dark environments are common. Although rare in Canis populations, melanism in wolves is more common in North America than other regions globally and is believed to follow Gloger’s rule. In the temperate forests of the south...
Monitoring large herbivores across their core range has been readily accomplished using aerial surveys and traditional distance sampling. But for peripheral populations, where individuals may occur in patchy, low-density populations, precise estimation of population size and trend remains logistically and statistically challenging. For moose (Alces...
In temperate forests of the northeastern U.S., moose (Alces alces) populations are adapted for mixed-age heterogeneous landscapes that provide abundant herbaceous forage in warm months and coniferous forage during winter. Heterogeneity of forest stands is driven by management activities or natural disturbance, resulting in a multi-age forest at a l...
The use of spatial memory is well-documented in many animal species and has been shown to be critical for the emergence of spatial learning. Adaptive behaviors based on learning can emerge thanks to an interdependence between the acquisition of information over time and movement decisions. The study of how spatio-ecological knowledge is constructed...
Integrating diverse concepts from animal behavior, movement ecology, and machine learning, we develop an overview of the ecology of learning and animal movement. Learning-based movement is clearly relevant to ecological problems, but the subject is rooted firmly in psychology, including a distinct terminology. We contrast this psychological origin...
The use of spatial memory is well documented in many animal species and has been shown to be critical for the emergence of spatial learning. Adaptive behaviors based on learning can emerge thanks to an interdependence between the acquisition of information over time and movement decisions. The study of how spatio-ecological knowledge is constructed...
Overexploitation is a frequently cited driver of species extinction. Throughout the Neotropics, balancing traditional practices and the needs of local people with protection of rare or declining species is challenging, especially given low capacity for control by authorities. We conducted interviews with wildlife professionals and residents, along...
Human‐wildlife conflict represents a substantial threat to rural livelihoods and species persistence. Directed harassment (i.e., hazing) is one method for mitigating conflict, though gauging its effectiveness is often complicated by a lack of replication, controls, or effective contrasts. Herein we assessed whether African lions (Panthera leo) shif...
Aim
Populations of cold‐adapted species at the trailing edges of geographic ranges are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change from the combination of exposure to warm temperatures and high sensitivity to heat. Many of these species are predicted to decline under future climate scenarios, but they could persist if they can...
Opportunistic records of animal occurrence may be problematic for inferring species distribution and habitat requirements because of unknown and uncontrolled sources of sampling variance. In this study, we used occurrence records for river otters (Lontra canadensis) derived from sign surveys, road kills, trapper bycatch, and opportunistic sightings...
White‐nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), has driven alarming declines in North American hibernating bats, such as little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). During hibernation, infected little brown bats are able to initiate anti‐Pd immune responses, indicating pathogen‐mediated selection on the major hi...
Human–carnivore conflict (HCC) represents one of the greatest threats to rural livelihoods and the persistence of large carnivores. The application of aversive conditioning, the association of unpleasant stimuli with the occurrence of unwanted behaviors, to mitigate HCC has achieved mixed results within and across species, making a better understan...
Human disturbance can have a profound effect on the occurrence and distribution of wildlife. Such disturbance often extends into protected areas (PAs), particularly in countries that have undergone civil strife and lack the institutional capacity to effectively mitigate anthropogenic threats. We demonstrate the first application of a multi‐species...
Long-term continuity of forest cover in eastern North America may be threatened in part by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), but effectively managing that threat requires greater understanding of the multi-scale nature of deer browsing pressure and other forces affecting forest regeneration. We isolated the effects of white-tailed deer on...
To understand how migratory behavior evolved and to predict how migratory species will respond to global environmental change it is important to quantify the fitness consequences of intra‐ and inter‐individual variation in migratory behavior. Intra‐individual variation includes behavioral responses to changing environmental conditions and hence beh...
The robust dispersal capability of the coyote (Canis latrans) would suggest a pattern of widespread gene flow across North America, yet historical legacies, dispersal barriers, and habitat affinities may produce or reinforce genetic structure. In the northeastern United States, some coyotes carry genetic signatures from past hybridization events wi...
Establishing protected areas, where human activities and land cover changes are restricted, is among the most widely used strategies for biodiversity conservation. This practice is based on the assumption that protected areas buffer species from processes that drive extinction. However, protected areas can maintain biodiversity in the face of clima...
1. Evaluating range-wide habitat use by a target species requires information on species occurrence over broad geographic regions, a process made difficult by species rarity, large spatiotemporal sampling domains, and imperfect detection. We address these challenges in an assessment of habitat use for jaguars (Panthera onca) outside protected areas...
Atlas data provide biodiversity information at a relatively fine spatial grain over a broad spatial extent and, increasingly, at multiple points in time, which make them invaluable for understanding processes that affect species distributions over time. The effect of survey effort on species detection has long been appreciated and Atlases typically...
When methodological flaws limit inference: a response to Caruso et al. - Lisanne S. Petracca, Jacqueline L. Frair
Animal movement strategies including migration, dispersal, nomadism, and residency are shaped by broad-scale spatial-temporal structuring of the environment, including factors such as the degrees of spatial variation, seasonality and inter-annual predictability. Animal movement strategies, in turn, interact with the characteristics of individuals a...
Infanticide is an antagonistic behavior that may provide an evolutionary benefit for the perpetrator. Cases of infanticide have rarely been reported in Neotropical carnivores. The objective of this study was to provide empirical evidence of infanticide in a local jaguar (Panthera onca) population in the Brazilian Pantanal. We present infanticide da...
Human activities around parks can alter vegetation patterns within them, resulting in edge effects that degrade their ability to sustain ecological processes and support biodiversity. We quantified vegetation patterns and edge effects over a large geographic extent in Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Uganda, using freely available remotely sensed...
Understanding how individual movement scales with body size is of fundamental importance in predicting ecological relationships for diverse species. One‐dimensional movement metrics scale consistently with body size yet vary over different temporal scales. Knowing how temporal scale influences the relationship between animal body size and movement...
Background
Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions i...
Background: Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions...
Background: Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions...
Background: Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions...
Background: Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions...
Density estimates accounting for differential animal detectability are difficult to acquire for wide-ranging and elusive species such as mammalian carnivores. Pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys may provide an efficient means of tracking changes in populations of coyotes (Canis latrans), a species of particular interest in the east...
We employed stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) isotopes within a hypothetico-deductive framework to explore potential resource partitioning among terrestrial mammalian carnivores. Isotope values were acquired using guard hair samples from bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and red fox (Vulpes...
Distinguishing between non-native species that coexist with native species and those that threaten their persistence is critical for conservation and management. We investigated this distinction for a non-native terrestrial snail (Succinea sp.) (Sp. B) that occurs with the closely-related Chittenango ovate amber snail (Novisuccinea chittenangoensis...
As the use of short-rotation coppice willow crops increases, this vegetation type will comprise a greater extent of the landscape, yet its attendant effects on biodiversity remain poorly understood. In this study we characterized the avian and small mammal communities of willow crops that were established for phytoremediation and biomass production...
Efforts in isolating the relative effects of resources and disturbances on animal-distribution patterns remain hindered by the difficulty of accounting for multiple scales of resource selection by animals with seasonally dynamic drivers. We developed multi-scale, seasonal models to explore how local resource selection by the threatened forest-dwell...
Little is known about the introduced European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), and its hymenopteran parasitoid complex in North America. To assess within-tree and landscape-level densities and distributions of these insects, and develop a more cost effective approach for sampling and monitoring S. noctilio, 18 infested pines (1...
Data management, storage, curation, and dissemination are mainstays of computer modeling. Indeed, a traditional view of computer
modeling has perpetuated the notion of “garbage in, garbage out” (GIGO), which serves as a constant reminder that, no matter how sophisticated the analysis, computers will “unquestioningly
process” whatever type of data a...
Global positioning system (GPS) technologies collect unprecedented volumes of animal location data, providing ever greater insight into animal behaviour. Despite a certain degree of inherent imprecision and bias in GPS locations, little synthesis regarding the predominant causes of these errors, their implications for ecological analysis or solutio...
With the advent of new technologies, animal locations are being collected at ever finer spatio-temporal scales. We review analytical methods for dealing with correlated data in the context of resource selection, including post hoc variance inflation techniques, 'two-stage' approaches based on models fit to each individual, generalized estimating eq...
Models of habitat preference are widely used to quantify animal-habitat relationships, to describe and predict differential space use by animals, and to identify habitat that is important to an animal (i.e. that is assumed to influence fitness). Quantifying habitat preference involves the statistical comparison of samples of habitat use and availab...
Quantifying kill rates and sources of variation in kill rates remains an important challenge in linking predators to their prey. We address current approaches to using global positioning system (GPS)-based movement data for quantifying key predation components of large carnivores. We review approaches to identify kill sites from GPS movement data a...
While the mechanistic links between animal movement and population dynamics are ecologically obvious, it is much less clear when knowledge of animal movement is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting population dynamics. GPS and other technologies enable detailed tracking of animal location concurrently with acquisition of landscape data a...
BioOne (www.bioone.org) is an electronic aggregator of bioscience research content, and the online home to over 160 journals and books published by not-for-profit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. ABSTRACT Animal movement studies regularly use movement states (e.g., slow and fast) derived from remotely sensed locations to...
Background/Question/Methods
There are few problems more compelling for ecological science than the recovery of threatened and endangered species. The threats posed by invasive species can be particularly insidious for species vulnerable to extinction and it is imperative that we understand the competitive effects of invasive species so that effect...
Background/Question/Methods In the past decade coyotes have increased their range and density in northeastern North America and have established themselves as the top predator in the region. The addition of this prolific predator holds unknown consequences for white-tailed deer. If coyotes select for fawns in greater proportion to their availabilit...
Summary 1. The ecological footprint of a road may extend for several kilometres with overlapping effects from neighbouring roads causing a nonlinear accumulation of road effects in the landscape. Availability of preferred habitat, spatial dependencies between roads and habitat types, and fidelity to traditionally used areas further confound our abi...
To maximize success, reintroduction programs generally select predator-free release areas having high habitat quality. Past studies provide little insight into recovery efforts where multiple, potentially novel, mortality hazards occur. The ability of translocated animals to cope with novel environments can be affected by both pre- and postrelease...
Resource selection estimated by logistic regression is used increasingly in studies to identify critical resources for animal populations and to predict species occurrence.
Most frequently, individual animals are monitored and pooled to estimate population‐level effects without regard to group or individual‐level variation. Pooling assumes that bot...
In northern temperate environments, assessments of ungulate winter range in forested ecosystems commonly focus on measuring availability of browse because the dietary proportion of browse is typically high in winter. In many cases, these efforts ignore reductions in browse availability due to snow burial because this effect is difficult to measure....
Enzymes are protein catalysts of extraordinary efficiency, capable of bringing about rate enhancements of their biochemical reactions that can approach factors of 1020. Theories of enzyme catalysis, which seek to explain the means by which enzymes effect catalytic transformation of the substrate molecules on which they work, have evolved over the p...
Animals may respond to spatial and temporal heterogeneity by altering their movement patterns. The time an animal spends in an area of a given size is termed ȁ8first-passage timeȁ9 and can be used to identify the scales at which different movement processes occur. Using first-passage time and 2-h observations, we identified nested spatial scales re...
Compared to traditional radio‐collars, global positioning system (GPS) collars provide finer spatial resolution and collect locations across a broader range of spatial and temporal conditions. However, data from GPS collars are biased because vegetation and terrain interfere with the satellite signals necessary to acquire a location. Analyses of ha...
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 1999. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-53).
Research was conducted to evaluate the impacts of upgrading 71 km of US Highway 53 (US 53) from 2-lanes into 4-lanes on wolves (Canis lupus) in northwestern Wisconsin. Our main objectives were to assess the impacts of the highway project on resident and dispersing timber wolves, and to identify critical habitats and travel corridors for wolves. Fif...
It is usually assumed that landscape heterogeneity influences animal movements, but understanding of such processes is limited. Understanding the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the movements of large herbivores such as North American elk is considered very important for their management. Most simu- lation studies on movements of large herbiv...
