Jacob Kola Aina

Jacob Kola Aina
  • B. Sc (Ed); M. Ed; PGDE; PhD.
  • Chief Lecturer at College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi, Kwara State, Nigeria

About

105
Publications
601,997
Reads
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1,140
Citations
Current institution
College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi, Kwara State, Nigeria
Current position
  • Chief Lecturer
Additional affiliations
December 2015 - February 2020
University of the Western Cape, Belleville, South Africa
Position
  • Researcher
Description
  • Conducting research on the integration of Peer instruction (PI) to the Dialogical argumentive instructional model (DAIM). My focus was on investigating the effectiveness of PIDAM in teaching Electromagnetism
September 2008 - December 2011
University of Ilorin
Position
  • PostDoc Position
Education
December 2015 - February 2020
University of the Western Cape
Field of study
  • Science Education

Publications

Publications (105)
Article
Full-text available
Technology integration has transformed education globally, making learning more accessible and seamless. Mobile education plays a crucial role in this transformation, relying heavily on mobile technology devices. Among these devices, mobile phones are particularly prevalent among students in higher education institutions worldwide. However, concern...
Article
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The paper focuses on harnessing opportunities in STEAM education for technological breakthroughs. STEAM education encompasses an interdisciplinary approach to learning, wherein real-world problems are tackled through the combined application of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics. Before the integration of art, STEM education, wh...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose/Background – Numerous educational resources are accessible in the 21st century that may be used to help students learn. These materials must therefore be investigated by teachers, and instructors need to be resourceful in order to improve students’ learning in the 21st century. This study presents information and ideas on the traits, skills...
Article
Full-text available
The imperative to address climate change in educational curricula stems from its profound implications for the sustainability of human life. A crucial aspect of this education is fostering critical thinking (CT) in students, as they form their perspectives on climate change. Traditional teaching approaches alone have proven inadequate in developing...
Article
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The paper reviews inequality in educational opportunities in Nigeria and its impacts on national development. The conflict theory supports the article. The author highlighted different inequality types in education impacting national development. The script argued that inequality in education contributed to the increase of out-of-school and street...
Article
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The paper critically examines basic science teachers' working environments and job satisfaction, emphasising its repercussions on science education in Nigeria. The author contends that basic science lays the groundwork for science learning and serves as the cornerstone of a robust science education system. While science education is pivotal for nat...
Article
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The review is on Entrepreneurship education, education 4.0, and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). The paper argued that Nigerian graduates lack creativity and critical thinking skills, contributing to the high unemployment rate among youths. Therefore, the best solution is entrepreneurship education through which students could gain skills fo...
Chapter
Full-text available
The study investigates lecturers' perception of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in Nigerian Colleges of Education. This is a survey method of research, where a questionnaire was used to obtain data from teachers in three public Colleges of Education in a state. The questionnaire is a five-point Likert scale containing 29 items o...
Article
The research investigated lecturers' perspectives on teacher education quality in Nigeria Colleges of education. The study was a mixed-method approach where the questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and interviews for the qualitative. Participants consisted of ninety-four lecturers who voluntarily filled out the questionnaire and were...
Article
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The paper reviewed issues and challenges of Nigerian Colleges of Education and possible solutions. The establishment of the Colleges was traced to the Ashby Commission report of 1960. Colleges of Education are tertiary institutions in Nigeria mandated to train teachers for primary and junior secondary schools. The script argued that the certificate...
Article
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Background/purpose: The emergence of COVID-19 affected global education, which prompted a shift in the teaching paradigm to remote learning. This learning technique requires that lecturers in higher institutions have an adequate knowledge of current technologies and are able to integrate them into the teaching and learning process. Lecturers in Nig...
Chapter
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The chapter reviews the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education trajectory in Nigeria, present, and future. The script argued that STEM education in Nigeria has contributed to the nation's development in different sectors such as health, agriculture, and telecommunication in the past. However, STEM education in Nigeria is...
Article
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The study investigates the impacts of the brain-based instructional model on science learning. The research uses a mixed-method approach. The quantitative data for the analysis was obtained through a quasi-experimental design and qualitative data through a semi-structured interview. Sixty science education students of a College of Education student...
Book
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The book is scholarly written with seven selected topics to meet the needs of Physics students, teachers and science educators at all levels. Chapter one deals with the understanding of conceptual Physics; two looks at enrolment and academic performances in Physics. Chapter three discussed some selected teaching strategies used in science teaching...
Article
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The paper reviewed doctoral education supervision and funding in Nigerian universities. The article identified some challenges in the supervision of doctoral degrees in Nigerian universities, which decimates the quality of doctoral education. Significant among these challenges are delay in completion and attrition rate. The authors argued that doct...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Abstract The paper reviewed doctoral education supervision and funding in Nigerian universities. The article identified some challenges in the supervision of doctoral degrees in Nigerian universities, which decimates the quality of doctoral education. Significant among these challenges are delay in completion and attrition rate. The authors argued...
Article
Full-text available
The study is on pre-service physics teacher academic achievement in electromagnetism. The study obtained data from three hundred and eighty-eight graduated students of electromagnetism I and II from a College of Education. These achievement scores were that of students who graduated from 2011 to 2019. The authors employed three research questions t...
Article
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The paper focuses on integrating technologies for instruction in pre-service teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigerian Colleges of Education. The emergence of COVID-19 occasioned the shifting paradigm of teaching in schools worldwide to online methods. The script discussed that pre-service teachers in Nigerian Colleges of Education...
Article
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The research is a pretest-posttest experimental design that integrated peer instruction into the dialogical argumentative instruction to investigate the authentic learning experience among College students. The participants were pre-service physics students of a College of Education in Nigeria. The mixed-method approach was adopted to obtain data f...
Article
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This reviewed paper focused on the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) and the problem of science graduates' employability as a bane for unemployment in Nigeria. The script discussed the challenges facing the NCE graduates and attributed it to the teacher education programme's issues. Some sources of these problems are inadequate curriculum, go...
Thesis
Full-text available
This research study investigated the effectiveness of Peer Instruction (PI) in enhancing pre-service teachers' understanding of Electromagnetism I in a Nigerian college of education. PI as a research-based pedagogy was invented for the teaching of introductory science courses to large classes. Lectures in PI is made of short presentations on the ma...
Article
Full-text available
The focus of the article is on mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learning of science in Nigerian higher institutions. It argued that conventional strategies of teaching are not adequate for teaching science during the pandemic because of the lockdown and social distancing. The script is of the view that e-learning w...
Article
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The school stands to be the foundation of every development in the 21st century of any nation. Nigeria got independence 59 years ago, and the issue of sustainable development is still elusive due to many challenges as a result of poor education, lack of good governance and corruption. The present thesis argues that the best way to achieve sustainab...
Article
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The study randomly sampled one hundred and thirty-three integrated science students of a College of Education to assess their scientific literacy skills. The study was a survey design method. Data for the study was obtained through both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research instruments were the Scientific Literacy Skills Test (SLST)...
Research
Full-text available
A Special Issue: Drawing Together Insights into higher education. With this special issue, we aim to bring academic scientists, researchers and scholars together in order to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of higher education. As one of the scholars in this field, we hope you can join the special issue to...
Article
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This is a review paper focusing on the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in science through the authentic learning strategy to solve the youth unemployment problem in Nigeria. The youth unemployment in Nigeria is observed to be on the increase as indicated by statistics, and the various interventions seem not to be yielding significant results....
Chapter
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The study focused on the Scientific Argumentative Instructional (SAI) approach to learning among pre-service science teachers in a Nigerian College of Education. The study reviewed that most students were not scientific literate and came to science classes with misconceived science concepts inhibiting learning. The research was a quasi-experimental...
Article
Full-text available
The paper reviewed science education in Nigeria from the pre-independent era to date and its challenge to sustainable development. The various efforts of the government and other stakeholders at developing science education were highlighted in the paper. It was argued that science education is crucial to the sustainable development of a nation. How...
Article
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The paper reviewed science education in Nigeria from the pre-independent era to date and its challenge to sustainable development. The various efforts of the government and other stakeholders at developing science education were highlighted in the paper. It was argued that science education is crucial to the sustainable development of a nation. How...
Article
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The paper's attention is on M-learning in Nigerian schools through the WhatsApp, Facebook and the YouTube. The growing technologies in education have made the concept of M-learning ubiquitous in the present world. Mobile learning is a type of learning that is not only in the four wall of a classroom. The paper argued the current situation in Nigeri...
Article
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Article HistoryThe article critically reviewed the decline in science students’ enrolment in Nigerian Colleges of Education, causes and the solutions. The research evidence abounds that the students’ enrolment for science education in the Nigeria colleges of education reduces every year. The causes for this drawback are the crux of this article. Th...
Article
The effectiveness of PI as a research-based teaching pedagogy was the focus of this review. The authors reviewed nine research studies from 2010 to 2017 and different countries of the world taken from various academic journals. Juxtaposing the findings of these studies indicated that PI is a useful teaching pedagogy. Peer Instruction was developed...
Article
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This paper critically examined the crisis generated by the teachers' competency test in Kaduna state which led to agitation for the reform of the educational sector in Nigeria. The article strongly supported the need for such reforms nevertheless, faulted the procedural executions which encompassed the Kaduna state Teachers' Competency Test on the...
Article
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The article looked at the learning problems in two different perspectives which are field area and sexism. Many studies indicate that the challenges to the students’ academic performance globally in Physics are related to these two areas. Though, several solutions had been proffered to solve the problem with little improvement. Given this, the pape...
Article
Full-text available
The paper reviewed the application of the brain-based learning model to solve teaching and learning problems in science education. The starting point was the reviewing of the challenges to the teaching and learning in science education, and the article believed the solving of the problems is possible through the brain-based learning. The brain-base...
Article
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Four colleges of education comprising three public and one private college were sampled for this study. The three years Physics result of 200 students of these colleges was analysed using the t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANCOVA). The result indicates that there was a difference in academic achievement of the students in the theory and practical...
Article
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The paper reviewed the importance of science education in the development of every nation of the world including Nigeria. However, it argued that the science education in Nigeria as studied in the Universities, Polytechnics, and Colleges of Education could not be functional. It is not functional because it only produced graduates who are not creati...
Article
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The paper believes the method a teacher employed in science class for instruction makes students’ learning difficult. A literature review of some common methods of teaching in science was done. The paper highlighted the conceptual framework of the Peer Instruction Argumentative Strategy (PIAS) and discussed the importance of PIAS to science learnin...
Article
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p>Fifty-two students of a college of education were sampled for this study. The sample comprises of thirty male and twenty-two female pre-service teachers. The quasi-experimental method was employed with the pretest-posttest design. Data were collected using Electromagnetism Physics Assessment (EPA). The data gathered were analyzed using Analysis o...
Article
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The paper considered developing a constructivist model for effective physics teaching. The model is imperative because of the increasing difficulty in learning physics and the resulting poor academic performance in the subject. The paper reviewed two types of constructivism which are the social and cognitive constructivism. Highlights of correlatio...
Article
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The study is a quasi-experimental research employing the pretest-posttest design. 52 pre-service teachers from a college of education were sampled with 26 pre-service teachers in both the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The instruments used to collect data were Physics Achievement Test (PAT), Peer Instruction Dialogical Argumentatio...
Article
Full-text available
This study was carried out to find out the effects of PI on the pre-service teachers’ learning of current electricity. The choice of pre-service teachers is hinged on the importance role teachers play in the student’s learning of sciences in schools. The study adopted pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. 42 students of a College of Education...
Book
Authentic learning is a problem of Physics education because students learn by memorization resulting into poor academic performance. Authentic learning enables students to apply classroom experience to solve real-life problems outside the classroom. Memorization has only been able to help students passed prescribed exams. However, it lacked the ab...
Article
Full-text available
Thirty-two pre-service physics teachers were sampled for the study to investigate the effect of interactive lecture engagement on the conceptual understanding of physics students. Pre-test- post-test quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. Physics Achievement Test (PAT); Interactive Student’s Questionnaire (ISQ), and Face-to-Face Inter...
Article
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The paper looked at the reform in the teaching and learning of science in Nigeria educational system because the present system lacked the authentic learning experience. The inability of the students to transfer theory to practice makes the system inadequate. The paper criticized the teaching strategies most Nigerian teachers employed in classes an...
Article
Full-text available
This research study used Peer Instruction (PI) as a pedagogy to investigate pre-service physics teacher's academic performance in electromagnetism in a Nigerian college of education. PI is a research-based pedagogy developed for teaching large introductory science courses. The study is a quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest control group design....
Article
Full-text available
Solving the unemployment problem by employing graduates who are not trained as teachers to teach in Nigerian schools and the likely problem is the focus of the article. The article highlighted the problems and importance of qualified teachers in any educational system. It was identified that untrained graduates teachers in the classroom create more...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This research study investigated the effectiveness of Peer Instruction (PI) as a pedagogy for improving conceptual understanding of physics in a Nigerian college of education. PI is a research-based pedagogy developed at the Harvard University for teaching large introductory science courses. The study is a quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest con...
Chapter
Full-text available
Reforms in education are inevitable when the existing practices have problems. This paper looked at Nigeria’s education system highlighting some of the problems confronting it. The authors argued that the system has been plagued with examination malpractices and projects that were not properly executed because of corruption. Teachers and teacher ed...
Article
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The article reviewed the effectiveness of teachers in both Finland and Nigeria with the aim of drawing lessons for Nigerian teachers. The paper observed that many Nigerian teachers are not effective in teaching due to reasons peculiar to both our economic and political conditions. In contrast, the teachers in Finland are effective due to the type o...
Article
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Research studies show that teachers' method of teaching causes poor students' academic performance in physics.PI is a research-based pedagogy for teaching large introductory science courses developed to improve students' academic performance in physics. PI is considered for solving the problem of poor academic performance in physics because it has...
Article
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The paper reviewed the controversy surrounding the teachers' qualifications and its influence on students' academic achievement. The paper measured teachers' qualification using seven indicators which are: formal education, experience, subject matter knowledge, pedagogy studies, duration of training, certificate/licensing and professional developme...
Article
Full-text available
Teachers are crucial to the success of any educational system and the success of any nation in general. In fact, it is not an overstatement to say the teacher is the most important educational resource in school. The world is not static but dynamic. Therefore, systems in a dynamic world are changing every day. Based on this conjecture this paper re...
Article
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The)main)thrust)of)this)review)is)the)perceived)central)position)of)professional)focus)to) the) effectiveness) of) any) category) of) teacher) in) Nigeria.) According) to) literature,) indicators) like) instructional) delivery,) students’) assessment,) learning) environment,) teachers’)personal)quality,)motivation,)and) subjectTcontentT)knowledge)a...
Article
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The main thrust of this review is the perceived central position of professional focus to the effectiveness of any category of teacher in Nigeria. According to literature, indicators like instructional delivery, students’ assessment, learning environment, teachers’ personal quality, motivation, and subject-content- knowledge among others were used...
Article
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Nigerian schooling system is divided into three levels. Students' academic performance in science at both the secondary and tertiary level of this schooling system has been to many factors. One of these factors is teacher's strategy of teaching. That is why this paper is advocating for a shift in the pedagogy of teaching in science education. Based...
Article
Full-text available
The study investigated the authentic learning experiences among pre-service teachers in a College of Education. Two hundred pre-service teachers were randomly sampled for the study. 50 students each from science and technical education while 100 students were from vocational education. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview. Analysis...
Article
Full-text available
The thrust of the study was to examine the extent to which the involvement of teachers in the outcome ofacademic performance of students in schools could be held accountable for virile students’ performance in all subjects, generally in Nigerian schools. While lamenting on the shameful articulation of students’ academic performance in public examin...
Article
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Colleges of Education are teacher training institutions established to train teachers for primary and junior secondary schools in Nigeria. Research shows that science teachers trained in these colleges are not performing well in classrooms after their graduation. This is due to problems associated with Colleges of Education such as lack of science...
Article
Full-text available
This study was carried out in Colleges of Education Kwara state in Nigeria to examine how students are performing in Physics. The participants comprises of 105 Physics students drawn from Physics/Chemistry, Physics/Computer Science, Physics/Integrated Science and Physics/ Mathematics combinations. This was a random sampling within four Colleges of...
Data
The study adopted a descriptive survey where questionnaire were used to sample opinions of Lecturers/Instructors and students in science and technical education courses on the use of technologies for teaching and learning. 24 course Lecturers/Instructors and 110 students participated in the study. Two sets of structured questionnaires containing 27...
Article
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Seventy four students of Integrated Science/Physics and Computer Science/Physics were sampled in four Colleges of Educations to analyze their performance in Physics. Frequency counts, percentages and T-test were used to analyse their results from year one to final year in Physics. Results shows that there was no significant difference between Integ...
Article
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The paper looked at various challenges confronting tertiary institutions in Nigeria, such as insecurity, cultism, examination malpractices, corruption, poor funding among others. The paper highlighted importance of science and technical education in overcoming these challenges. Emphasis was laid on skill acquisition programme; entrepreneurship educ...
Article
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The study focused on the importance of language proficiency in the learning of science and technology with attention given to the review of research studies on language proficiency and students’ academic performance in science and technology within the context of the debate on the choice of language of instruction in schools. This study employed a...
Article
Full-text available
The study adopted a descriptive survey where questionnaire were used to sample opinions of Lecturers/Instructors and students in science and technical education courses on the use of technologies for teaching and learning. 24 course Lecturers/Instructors and 110 students participated in the study. Two sets of structured questionnaires containing 27...
Article
Full-text available
This paper reviewed some factors found responsible for poor performance of students in Physics. All year one Physics students in Physics department in a college of education participated in the study. Their scores in continuous assessment and examination were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, t-test, frequency counts an...
Article
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This paper focuses on socioeconomic and sociocultural barrier on female education in Nigeria and the effect of such barrier on students’ enrolment and learning of female students in physics. The paper reviewed poverty as the major socio economic barrier to female education thereby reducing the number of female students in schools. There are some cu...
Article
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This paper adopted descriptive research method to find out influence of English language on students’ performance in physics. 50 physics students who were the graduates of 2012/2013 academic session was sampled for the study: three hypotheses were formulated and tested using t-test statistical analysis; results indicated that English language influ...
Article
Full-text available
The paper looked at science education as fundamental to all technologies and yet not recognized in the educational system of many nations of the world. Science education is a parent and nurse of all technologies and should be given its proper position. The paper highlighted some problems in science education like curriculum and teachers‟ pedagogy...
Article
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Year 1 Physics students in a College of Education (Technical) were sampled to analyze students’ performance based on course content in basic electronics. End of semester examination marked scripts containing sixty multiple choice questions were used as a research instrument; frequency counts and percentage was used to analyze the data. Findings rev...
Article
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Infrastructures in Nigeria are worrisome, leading to hardship, danger and becoming unbearable for the citizenry. The nation’s educational system is just moving towards producing graduates without jobs resulting in slowing down of national development. The rate of unemployment has dramatically increased from 5.30% in 2006 to 23.90% in 2012 while the...
Article
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The current national security situation in Nigeria is affecting the rate of human development and posing many challenges among which Nigerian youths are major contributors. Some of the youths succumb to armed-robbery, religion/public disturbances like that of the Niger Delta Militants(NDM), Odua People’s Congress (OPC), and the Boko Haram (BH) sect...
Article
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This is a review paper that cantered on poor academic performance generally in the West Africa Senior School Certificate Examination which has become a great concern to various stakeholders in the educational sector, most especially in Nigeria. The paper argued thatmass failure of students in public examinations could be traced to several factors t...
Article
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The paper reviewed students’ academic performance in physics caused by failure of classroom to meet up with teaching and learning process due to students and teachers attitude; professional and pedagogical factors. The paper discussed the full potentials available in our communities that can be used to teach physics for students’ better understandi...
Article
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This is a review paper on using Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to reposition science education in Nigerian colleges of education. The paper looked at science education as the study of biology, chemistry or physics along with principle and method of education. Public-private partnership was viewed as voluntary arrangement between nongovernmental o...
Article
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This paper reviewed poor performance of students in science due to inappropriate teaching method, lack of facilities, insufficient resources, structuring of the curriculum and many more. Highlight of importance of environment; environment aided inquiry base learning and importance of environment to improvisation of science teaching materials were f...
Article
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This is a descriptive research of a correlation type where 120 students were sampled from a college of education to find out the relationship between proficiency in English language and academic performance among students of science and technical education. Findings revealed that there is correlation between proficiency in English language and acad...
Conference Paper
The paper looked at various challenges confronting tertiary institutions in Nigeria, such as insecurity, cultism, examination malpractices, corruption, poor funding among others. The paper highlighted importance of science and technical education in overcoming these challenges. Emphasis was laid on skill acquisition programme; entrepreneurship educ...
Article
Full-text available
The paper sampled 80 secondary school students in a local government council to find out causes of student low enrolment in science in secondary schools. The paper highlighted the history of science teaching and teacher’s pedagogy of teaching in Nigeria as very germane to enrolment in schools. Questionnaire was used to sample students’ opinion on c...
Article
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Science education is the study of biology, chemistry or physics in conjunction with education in other to be able to teach science concepts and address students’ misconceptions in science. Effectiveness of teaching and learning is required in science education through application of ICT. The paper reviewed various applications of ICT in effective t...
Article
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This study looked at the availability, uses and improvisation of instructional materials and the implications on teaching and learning of physics in secondary schools. All secondary schools offering physics at WAEC level and one technical college in Edu, Patigi and Ilorin west local government of kwara state formed the sample of this study. 23 phys...
Article
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Results of physics students in practical courses from three public Colleges of Education in Kwara State were collected. Gender analysis of the result was done using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, frequency count and percentages. Findings showed that there was no correlation between male and female students’ performance in physics p...
Article
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his paper focused on the review of science education in Nigeria, its importance to national development and problems militating against its development. The paper viewed insecurity and corruption as major problems of science education development in Nigeria. As way forward the paper suggested life imprisonment for any corrupt individuals; governmen...
Article
Full-text available
Abstract The paper employed descriptive survey study of male and female performance in physics in four Colleges of Education in Kwara state, Nigeria. One hundred students were sampled for the study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the data collected. The results showed no relatio...
Article
Full-text available
This is a descriptive survey study. Ninety-two physics students from Kwara State College of Education Lafiagi, participated in the study. Physics results in electromagnetism of these students were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to find out correlation between continuous assessment and...

Questions

Questions (14)
Question
Recently someone was applying for a faculty position at a university and was asked to upload three of of his reprinted publications, which was strange to him.
Question
Some scholars believe that I need to include the standard deviation column in a descriptive statistic table that required only the mean to answer a research question. Other scholars, including myself, think it is unnecessary to include SD since it will not answer the research question.
Question
A friend of mine's paper published in a journal was rejected by his school. The rejection was because the paper had been presented in a conference.
Question
There are arguments about using a questionnaire with Yes and No options in research studies today. Many believe that the Likert scale is better than the categorical options of yes and no; true and false.
The reason for this is that given two options in a survey limited the validity of the results. However, some believe there is nothing wrong with this questionnaire.
Question
Lecturers in a college of education argued on which article has the higher points between the empirical and the review article. Some think it is better to engage in empirical writing rather than the review article. These people viewed that any journal publication that is empirical has more academic weight than the review article. Another group was of the opinion that the two have equal academic weight as regards contribution to knowledge.
Question
A national Science Education conference is holding in my country presently where experts from various institutions gather to brainstorm. In this conference, many participants were of the opinion that using frequency count and percentages to analyze research data are too simple and should be disallowed for an academic paper.
Question
A reviewer suggested that an author should write the implication of the paper instead of making recommendations. What can be the difference(s) between a research implication and the recommendation?
Question
Many researchers and students have always been confusing about the use of research hypothesis and research question including myself. Some believe once research question is stated hypothesis is not necessary while others argue that both are needed. Some thought the type of research (quantitative or qualitative) determines either to use research hypothesis or research question.
Question
A research study is using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to test for the effectiveness of a teaching method. The researcher desires to know the knowledge of the students before and after the intervention through this research question. What is the students’ knowledge before and after the intervention? To answer this research question: What are the parameters to use for determining students' knowledge in a subject?
Question
Teachers'qualification is measured by formal education,  certification/licensing,  infield preparation,  pedagogical knowledge,  duration of preparation,  years of experience and professional development activities.  Conducting a research on exploring the relationship between  teachers'qualifications  and student' academic performance in Physics therefore must be be supported with teaching theories.
Question
There are many factors influencing students' academic performance in physics such as students' background, parental influence, poor laboratory equipment etc. Study on teachers' influence on students' academic performance is good, but how do we control for the influence of other factors? Some people argued that some result from the teachers' influence may not be reliable since other factors are simultaneously working on students.

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