Jack E Taunton

University of British Columbia | UBC

Purpose To investigate the landing strategies used after discontinuing and continuing the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) while performing a drop jump. Methods Following published methodology and power analysis, 23 uninjured male athletes, mean age of 19.4 ± 3.0 years, performed seven tests, during three test conditions (nonbraced, braced and...

This study examined the congruence between the prescribed and experienced heart rate derived training loads over a five week periodized mesocycle. Twenty-four elite female field hockey players training as part of a national team were monitored prior to an (FIH) Hockey World League tournament. Three on-field training sessions per week were prospecti...

Objective Running is an easy way of meeting physical activity recommendations for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, it remains unknown how their cartilage reacts to running. The objective of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 30 min of running on T2 and T1ρ relaxation times of tibiofemoral cartilage in female runners...

This investigation examined the efficacy of hot yoga as an alternative heat stress technique for enhancing plasma volume percentage (PV%) and cardiovascular performance. Ten international calibre female field hockey players completed six, 60-min hot yoga sessions utilizing permissive dehydration over six days, followed by a six day national team ca...

Objectives To evaluate the perceptions of the general public and healthcare practitioners (HCP) in Canada about the relationship between running and knee joint health, and to explore HCP`s usual recommendations to runners with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods Non-runners and runners (with and without KOA) and HCP completed an online survey regar...

Background Underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) is the primary cause of sudden cardiac death in masters athletes (>35 years). Preparticipation screening may detect cardiovascular disease; however, the optimal screening method is undefined in this population. The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and the American He...

Our objective was to prospectively investigate the association of kinetic variables with running‐related injury (RRI) risk. Seventy‐four healthy female recreational runners ran on an instrumented treadmill while 3D kinetic and kinematic data were collected. Kinetic outcomes were vertical impact transient, average vertical loading rate, instantaneou...

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a real-time biofeedback gait retraining program on reducing peak braking force (PBF) in recreational runners. Study Design: Prospective, interventional repeated measures design. Participants: Sixteen healthy novice female recreational runners aged 18 to 60 with high PBF. Intervention: Participants follow...

in Kinematic Correlates of Impact Loading Between Rearfoot and Non-Rearfoot Strikers in Running Christopher Napier, Christopher L. MacLean, Jack E. Taunton, Jessica Maurer, Michael A. Hunt Fortius Institute, Vancouver, Canada Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Impact loading (in particular, average vertical load...

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is frequently the first manifestation of underlying cardiovascular disease in young competitive athletes (YCAs), yet there are no Canadian guidelines for preparticipation screening in this population. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of potentially lethal cardiovascular disease in a samp...

A risk-benefit paradox applies when considering how much exercise is needed for good health. Vigorous exercise can transiently increase the short-term risk for an adverse event (such as a myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death); however, participation in routine exercise can also markedly reduce the long-term risk for premature mortality and...

Although routine physical activity is associated with health benefits, there is also a transient increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events during vigorous physical activity. Methods to detect disease and ensure that athletic pursuits are safe and appropriate have been proposed. However, for competitive athletes older than 35 years—masters ath...

The sports medicine and cardiology communities have debated the role of screening ever since publication of a 25-year longitudinal study in Italy showed an 89% reduction in the rate of sudden cardiac death in young athletes after a cardiovascular screening program was implemented. Several consensus statements and research trials have been published...

Background: Recently, high-intensity interval training has been advocated for the rehabilitation of persons living with heart failure (HF). Home-based training is more convenient for many patients and could augment compliance. However, the safety and efficacy of home-based interval training remains unclear. Methods: We evaluated the safety and e...

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of an intense stretch on selected serum-based muscle inflammation biomarkers. Methods: A randomised within-subject crossover trial was conducted with 12 healthy recreationally active males (age: 29±4.33yrs, mass: 79.3±8.78kg, height: 1.76±0.06m) participating in both an intense stretching...

Abnormal biomechanics have been cited as a potential risk factor for running-related injury. Many modifiable biomechanical risk factors have also been proposed in the literature as interventions via gait retraining. To determine which interventions have successfully modified biomechanical variables linked to running-related injury. Systematic liter...

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common injuries experienced by recreational runners. Pain is often absent at the beginning of activity, but tends to worsen with fatigue during a run. This may be due to the effect of fatigue on the magnitude of activation of muscles responsible for controlling hip and knee biomechanics, thus a...

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of an intense stretch on selected serum-based muscle inflammation biomarkers. Methods: A randomised within-subject crossover trial was conducted with 12 healthy recreationally active males (age: 29±4.33yrs, mass: 79.3±8.78kg, height: 1.76±0.06m) participating in both an intense stretching...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a progressive ailment of a lower limb that, if left untreated, can lead to irreversible changes in the structure and function. The authors of the present study hypothesized the damages to the tibias tendon can be countered and reversed using electrical acupuncture and concurr...

This study examines the effect of progressive increases in footwear minimalism on injury incidence and pain perception in recreational runners. One hundred and three runners with neutral or mild pronation were randomly assigned a neutral (Nike Pegasus 28), partial minimalist (Nike Free 3.0 V2) or full minimalist shoe (Vibram 5-Finger Bikila). Runne...

The mobile medical unit/polyclinic (MMU/PC) was an essential part of the medical services to support ill or injured Olympic or Paralympics family during the 2010 Olympic and Paralympics winter games. The objective of this study was to survey the satisfaction of the clinical staff that completed the training programs prior to deployment to the MMU....

To investigate the effectiveness of a physiotherapy-based exercise program versus dexamethasone injection for chronic plantar fasciopathy in workers standing for prolonged periods of time. A parallel group nonblinded randomized controlled trial with 12-week follow-up. An outpatient sports medicine clinic in Vancouver, Canada. Fifty-six workers requ...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing functional knee braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects. Methods:...

To present the planning and medical encounters for the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. Prospective medical encounter study. 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. Athletes, coaches, officials, workforce, volunteers, and media. Sport type: alpine, Nordic, and sledge hockey and curling. Participant type: athlete, workforce, and spectators. Terrain and speed. Me...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term normoxic and hypoxic exercise on plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels, and the relationship of arterial compliance and pulmonary artery pressure to endothelin-1. Seven endurance-trained males completed two incremental and two steady-state exercise tests performed at ventila...

The present study examines the injury status in women runners who are randomised to receive a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. 81 female runners were categorised into three different foot posture types (39 neutral, 30 pronated, 12 highly pronated) and randomly assigned a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Runners u...

Knee braces were introduced in sports approximately 30 years ago. However, the effects of a functional knee brace (FKB) on aerobic and anaerobic performance after fatigue are unknown. To investigate whether FKB use in noninjured participants hindered performance during aerobic (Léger beep test) and anaerobic (repeated high-intensity shuttle test [R...

To investigate performance levels and accommodation period to functional knee brace (FKB) use in non-injured braced subjects while completing acceleration, agility, lower extremity power and speed tasks. A 2 (non-braced and braced conditions) × 5 (testing sessions) repeated-measures design. 27 healthy male athletes were provided a custom fitted FKB...

Background The medical care programme during Paralympic Winter Games should reflect the particular needs and necessities of Paralympic athletes and their support staff. Objective To characterise in detail the medical encounters at the 2010 Vancouver Paralympic Winter Games in order to improve knowledge or injury and illness patterns for medical pro...

Background Epidemiological data and logistical details are crucial pieces of information for organisers of medical care at mass sporting events. Objective To outline the medical facilities at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games and to report the epidemiology of medical encounters. Design Prospective descriptive study. Setting Nine competition venues, six...

Aim. The aim of this paper was to examine if functional knee brace (FKB) use by healthy athletes hindered performance. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a FKB occur? Methods. A 2×3 non-braced (NBR) and braced (BR) repeated measure crossover design. Five healthy athletes (aged 19- to 23-years) completed the pilot study. Agi...

To evaluate whether ultrasound-guided injection of hyperosmolar dextrose for treatment of patellar tendinopathy decreases pain scores and normalises the appearance of the patellar tendon on ultrasound. Subjects were referred from primary care clinics and failed conservative treatment. Subjects received a diagnostic ultrasound examination, then ultr...

Aim. The aim of this paper was to examine if functional knee brace (FKB) use by healthy athletes hindered performance. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a FKB occur? Methods. A 2×3 non-braced (NBR) and braced (BR) repeated measure crossover design. Five healthy athletes (aged 19- to 23-years) completed the pilot study. Ag...

The objective of this paper was to investigate if performance was hindered in non-injured braced athletes during an anaerobic task. If performance was affected, could accommodation to wearing a knee brace occur and thus decreasing performance hindrance concern while using a functional knee brace (FKB). A 2x3 non-braced (NBr) and braced repeated mea...

The objective of this study was to measure the incidence of concussion (scaled relative to number of athlete exposures) and recurrent concussion within 2 teams of fourth-tier junior ice hockey players (16-21 years old) during 1 regular season. A prospective cohort study called the Hockey Concussion Education Project was conducted during 1 junior ic...

The authors investigated return-to-play duration for initial and recurrent concussion in the same season in 2 teams of junior (16-21-year-old) ice hockey players during a regular season. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study during 1 junior regular season (2009-2010) of 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.2 years [S...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on concussion knowledge within a sample of junior fourth-tier ice hockey players. A prospective cohort study, called the Hockey Concussion Education Project, was conducted during 1 junior ice hockey regular season (2009-2010) with 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey p...

The objective of our study was to report on changes in the short-term sonographic appearance and 2-year follow-up for pain outcomes in a large patient population with chronic Achilles tendinosis who underwent sonographically guided dextrose injections. One hundred eight tendons (86 midportion and 22 insertional) from 99 patients experiencing pain f...

Despite anecdotal evidence linking overpronation to the onset of Achilles tendinopathy (AT), there is little conclusive evidence of a particular movement pattern of the lower extremity associated with this injury. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to observe differences in the kinematic profiles of healthy runners (CON) and runners...

Plantar fasciitis is a common injury to the plantar aponeurosis, manifesting as pain surrounding its proximal insertion at the medial calcaneal tubercle. Pain is typically worse in the morning when getting out of bed, and may subside after the tissue is sufficiently warmed up. For running-based athletes and individuals who spend prolonged periods o...

It is estimated that knee injuries account for up to 60% of all sport injuries, with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) accounting for almost half of these knee injuries. These knee injuries can result in high healthcare costs, as an ACL injury is often associated with surgery, long and costly rehabilitation, differing degrees of impairment and p...

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine if functional knee brace (FKB) use by non-injured athletes altered peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) during the drop- an hop-jump. If PVGRF was changed, what role, if any, the knee and ankle joint angles contributed to changes in the PVGRF at landing. Also, with continued FKB use...

The objective of this paper was to identify the rate, profile, and severity of injuries associated with participating on a provincial/state hockey (field) and compare these data, where possible, with available ice hockey data. An injury was defined as ''any event, during team or team-related game, practice, and/or activity (on or off the playing su...

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) by non-injured athletes to determine if aerobic performance was hindered. In case the performance was affected, the study should demonstrate if any accommodation to wearing a FKB could occur during aerobic activity. Methods. This study was a 2x3 non-braced and b...

To report on the effectiveness of sonographically guided injections of hyperosmolar dextrose at reducing the pain associated with chronic plantar fasciitis. Case series. Ultrasound division of St Paul's Hospital. 20 referrals (3 men, 17 women; age 51 (SD 13) years) from local sports medicine primary care practitioners who had failed previous conser...

The purpose of this study was to examine running economy differences between a group of well-trained runners and a group of non-runners. A secondary objective was to ascertain the effects of a prolonged run, near the ventilatory threshold, on running economy. Two groups of ten males [Mean±SD: age 25.6±4.8 yrs, 70.9±6.3 ml•kg-1•min-1 for the runners...

The present study was designed to examine the dose-response relationship of inhaled salbutamol and its concentration in the urine while resting at various times after inhalation, and to compare these values against the current World Anti-Doping Code limits. An interventional, repeated-measures design. Sport Medicine Clinic, University of British Co...

IntroductionTraining principlesStress fracturesPatellofemoral pain syndromeAchilles tendon overuse injuriesPatellar tendinitisPlantar fasciitisHamstring injuriesGroin painAdductor injuriesOsteitis pubisSports herniaConclusion References

The purposes of this study were to quantitatively examine hip abductor strength in patients presenting with iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) and to determine whether a multi-modal physiotherapy approach, including hip abductor strengthening, might play a role in recovery. Our observational, pretest-posttest study is one of the first prospe...

Chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon is a common overuse injury that is difficult to manage. We report on a new injection treatment for this condition. Thirty-six consecutive patients (25 men, 11 women; mean age, 52.6 years) with symptoms for more than 3 months (mean, 28.6 months) underwent sonography-guided intratendinous injection of 25% hyp...

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Background: Despite anecdotal evidence linking overpronation to the onset of Achilles tendinopathy (AT), there is little conclusive evidence of a particular movement pattern of the lower extremity associated with this injury. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to observe differences in the kinematic profiles of healthy runners (CON)...

In general, elite climbers have been characterised as small in stature, with low percentage body fat and body mass. Currently, there are mixed conclusions surrounding body mass and composition, potentially because of variable subject ability, method of assessment and calculation. Muscular strength and endurance in rock climbers have been primarily...

Objective: Provide a current review of the literature concerning the epidemiology and risk factors for injuries in runners. Data sources: The information in this paper is taken from a review of articles and book chapters (Source: PubMed and MEDLINE, years covered 1966-2006). Conclusions: Understanding the precise causative nature of risk factors in...