Jacek Pielecha

• Professor
• Professor at Poznań University of Technology

The research described in this paper aimed to verify the impact of road vehicle aging on air pollutant emissions. The problem of vehicle aging and the resulting changing air pollutant emissions was identified with the operational mileage of passenger cars. The validity of such an approach to research on air pollutant emissions changing over time wa...

The article addresses the usage patterns of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) under Polish conditions. The conventional approach to operating such vehicles assumes that they are used with a fully charged battery at the start. However, the economic circumstances of Polish users often do not allow for daily charging of vehicles from the domestic power...

In real road traffic, combustion engines of motor vehicles operate in dynamic conditions. Under such conditions, significant time variability in the values describing engine operations is observed, especially in terms of rotational speed and torque. Therefore, it is possible to model such conditions as probabilistic and to treat the properties of c...

The increasing number of vehicles operating in Poland, especially passenger vehicles, justifies the need to conduct air pollution emission tests in the context of the impact of vehicles on the natural environment. Firstly, this article reviews the publications related to air pollutant emissions and passenger vehicles traveling on Polish roads. Howe...

This paper discusses emissions from plug-in hybrid vehicles under various driving scenarios and reports experimental data obtained under laboratory and real-world conditions. Two European plug-in hybrid passenger cars were tested using the two test types in use in the EU (chassis dynamometer and on-road), with some modifications. The best-case and...

The article considers variables registered in the WLTP procedure. The test results of a passenger car with a compression-ignition engine have been analysed. The tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer. The tests were performed for engine cold start and ran up to the point of reaching stabilized operating conditions. The average specific dis...

Current challenges in terms of exhaust emission limits are related to the reduction of the particle numbers in spark ignition direct injection engines. The article concerns the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of engine operation, allowing the selection of the particulate filter configuration and its technical parameters. The designed syste...

The subject of assessing exhaust emissions in real driving conditions has been relevant for a long time. Its introduction into approval tests focused attention on the comparative possibilities of tests performed on a chassis dynamometer and in road conditions. The article is a continuation of research on the possibilities of estimating emissions in...

The article is an attempt to perform an ecological assessment of passenger cars with various types of engines in road emission tests. The main research problem and, at the same time, the goal was to develop a method for determining the exhaust emissions from motor vehicles in real traffic conditions based on results obtained in homologation tests....

The article presents a method of determining the characteristics of exhaust emissions and fuel mass consumption in real driving conditions based on a single test using the Monte Carlo method. The exhaust emission characteristics used are the relations between the emissions and the average vehicle speed, and the characteristic of the fuel mass consu...

The article contains the research results and analysis of the processes that take place as part of a gasoline engine light duty vehi-cle Real Driving Emissions test. Dimensionless characteristics of exhaust emission and fuel mass consumption in the RDE test were also determined: emission intensity, particle number emission intensity, fuel mass cons...

The article discusses the use of a catalyst inside the cylinder, the task of which is to reduce exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. The catalyst (platinum) applied to the glow plugs provided an additional method of exhaust aftertreatment. Due to their usage, especially in urban driving, passenger cars are characterized by small mileage between...

Due to the increasingly restrictive exhaust emissions requirements from conventional vehicles, the internal combustion engine start-up seems to be most important part of engine operation. The period immediately after starting the engine is the time when the exhaust emissions are highest, thus, this aspect is currently subject to heavy analysis. The...

Hybrid vehicles account for the largest share of new motor vehicle sales in Europe. These are vehicles that are expected to bridge the technological gap between vehicles with internal combustion engines and electric vehicles. Such a solution also makes it possible to meet the limits of motor vehicle emissions, at a time when it is particularly impo...

The article presents a comparison of exhaust emission test results from a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine examined with the WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle) test, which was carried out on a chassis dynamometer, and examined with a RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test, which was conducted in real vehicle operating c...

In this study, the authors assessed the road emissions of several passenger cars using specialised instrumentation, of the PEMS type, to measure particle number emissions in real traffic conditions. The tests were performed on a RDE test route developed and compliant with EU guidelines. The results of the tests were discussed in terms of the direct...

Internal combustion engines represent the largest share of motor vehicle propulsion types. Despite the introduction of alternative drives (hybrid and electric), combustion engines will continue to be the main factor in the development of transport. Therefore, work related to their technological development and reduction of their harmful effects on...

The amount of hybrid vehicles and their contribution have increased in the global market. They are a promising aspect for a decrease in emissions. Different tests are used to determine the factors of such emissions. The goal of the present study was to compare the emissions of two hybrid vehicles of the same manufacturer: the plug-in version and th...

The paper describes the method of determination of exhaust emission characteristics from a vehicle engine based on the results obtained in a driving test simulated on an engine dynamometer. These characteristics are the relations between the specific distance emissions and the zero-dimensional characteristics of the process of vehicle velocity: the...

The paper describes the method of investigations of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under operation classified in terms of its dynamic states. In this paper, the engine operating states are determined through the vehicle driving under actual traffic conditions in the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. Based on the recorded tracings of th...

On-road driving tests are performed to determine the emission of harmful exhaust compounds from vehicles. These primarily include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particle number. However, there is a lack of indicators that combine the first three substances that are the most important in assessing the environmental aspects of vehicles. The pur...

Transportation, as one of the most growing industries, is problematic due to environmental pollution. A solution to reduce the environmental burden is stricter emission standards and homologation tests that correspond to the actual conditions of vehicle use. Another solution is the widespread introduction of hybrid vehicles—especially the plug-in t...

T his paper discusses the legislative situation regarding type approval of plug-in hybrid vehicles (also known as off-vehicle charging hybrid-electric vehicles, OVC-HEV) in the range of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. A range of tests were conducted on two Euro 6d-complaint OVC-HEVs to quantify emissions. Procedures were based on EU legisla...

The paper discusses the application of an in-cylinder catalyst allowing a reduction of the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. Its placement in the combustion chamber, the area where the process of combustion takes place, allows reducing the emissions (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter) ‘at source’. The paper presents the possib...

The paper describes the methodology of research of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under engine states determined by the vehicle actual operation in the RDE test. The processes of quantities determining the vehicle motion and engine states have been recorded, along with the exhaust emission intensity. Based on the developed research meth...

In order to better reflect the actual ecological performance of vehicles in traffic conditions, both the emission standards and the applied emission tests are being developed, for example by considering exhaust emissions for a cold engine start. This article presents the research results on the impact of ambient temperature during the cold start of...

The article compares the exhaust emissions in road conditions of city buses: LNG and Diesel. Both buses met the Euro VI exhaust emission norm. The current strong drive to diversify fuels in Poland and the creation of a large gas port in Świnoujście for LNG imports creates an excellent opportunity to use this fuel, also in road transport. Therefore,...

Nowadays, one of the most critical roles of both legislators and society itself is to look after the future of our environment. There are many reasons for the deterioration of air quality. Unfortunately, pollution from the automotive sector is still widely regarded as one of them. For this reason, the European Commission has been improving testing...

The article presents the particulate emission measurements of passenger cars that meet the latest emission norms, the development of which has so far been dictated by requirements of downsizing. The comparison was made based on the selected vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines, which are an example of reducing the displacement volume while...

New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into fou...

The application of a catalyst on a surface inside a combustion chamber is known as a supplementary method of exhaust gas aftertreatment. The efficiency of this method in the reduction in exhaust emissions as well as its influence on other engine properties has been analyzed in multiple scientific works. Most often, these works present the results o...

This paper discusses the application of an in-cylinder catalyst in reducing the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. This is an additional method of exhaust gas aftertreatment; yet the placement of a catalyst in the combustion chamber (i.e., the closest location to the process of combustion) allows a reduction of the emissions ‘at source’ (the c...

One of the environmental aims of the European Union is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. According to European Parliament data, transport emissions accounted for about 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2016, in which road transport had the largest share (approximately 72%). This phenomenon is particularly visible in urban agglomeration...

Pollution of the environment is a global phenomenon. The lack of specific actions to reduce environmental pollution can lead to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's air and to global consequences. One of the important sectors affecting environmental pollution is transport, including road transport. Currently, intensive legislative...

Non-plugin hybrids represent a technology with the capability to significantly reduce fuel consumption (FC), without any changes to refuelling infrastructure. The EU market share for this vehicle type in the passenger car segment was 3% in 2018 and this powertrain type remains of interest as an option to meet the European Union (EU) fleet average C...

The implementation of the 3rd package of the RDE test procedure has extended the test method by considering emissions from a cold start period into the total exhaust emissions from a vehicle. The article presents the research results of exhaust emissions of a vehicle equipped with a gasoline engine. The tests were carried out at two different ambie...

The introduction of changes in the vehicle type approval testing procedures is a way to reduce the issue of exceeding the limits set in the standards. Previous laboratory tests of vehicle emissions did not contain information on the actual vehicle and engine operating conditions. Therefore, particular attention was paid to comparative tests of gaso...

The article presents an analysis of exhaust emissions in vehicles with gasoline engines according to the most recent research procedures in RDE tests. The compliance of test parameters (on chosen test routes) was evaluated against the requirements of the standard and dynamic parameters were determined characterizing the trips (among others – the pr...

The assessment of energy flow through electric vehicle systems makes estimating their energy consumption possible. The article presents analyzes of the energy consumption of electric vehicles in selected driving tests (NEDC, WLTC and in real traffic conditions – RDC test) in relation to the vehicles different curb weight. The use of electric motors...

Modernization of passenger cars and constant development of existing legislation lead to a reduction of exhaust emissions from these vehicles. In accordance with package 3 of the RDE test procedure, the European Commission has extended testing methods by including exhaust emissions during a cold start. The article compares the research results on t...

Artykuł dotyczy emisji cząstek stałych z pojazdów szynowych, w których źródłem napędu jest silnik spalinowy. Opisano właściwości fizykochemiczne cząstek stałych, mechanizmy ich powstawania oraz zaprezentowano wpływ ich oddziaływania na otoczenie, w tym bezpośrednio na człowieka. Zawarto regulacje prawne dotyczące ich emisji wraz z określeniem najno...

In the regulations concerning approval of light vehicles starting from September 2019 it will be necessary to conduct exhaust emis-sions tests both on a chassis dynamometer and for real driving emissions. It is a legislative requirement set forth in EU regulations for the purpose of the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) procedure. To decide on the RDE r...

The article concerns the use of an in-cylinder catalyst that allows reducing the exhaust emissions during diesel engine operation. This is an additional method of exhaust emission reduction – however, the active component is placed inside the combustion chamber – hence much closest to the combustion process. This allows reducing the emissions at th...

The article presents the exhaust emission results from a diesel engine in dynamic states of engine operation in the driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) and Malta test, developed at the Poznan University of Technology. The NEDC and Malta tests were carried out as simulations on the engine test bench mimicking the driving tests condition...

The article presents the compression-ignition engine test results of static operating states in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and the Malta custom test cycle, developed at the Poznan University of Technology. The NEDC and Malta tests were carried out as drive cycle simulations on the engine test benc...

2019-01-0747 Published 02 Apr 2019 c 2019 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. RDE Testing of Passenger Cars: The Effect of the Cold Start on the Emissions Results Jerzy Merkisz Poznan University of Technology Piotr Bielaczyc BOSMAL Automotive R&D Institute Ltd. Jacek Pielecha Poznan University of Technology Joseph Woodburn BOSMAL Automotive R&D...

The introduction of changes in the type approval testing procedures for vehicles is also a matter of reducing the problem of exceeding the limits specified in standards. The previous laboratory studies of vehicles' emission did not contain information on the actual engine operating conditions. Particular attention was paid to the comparative study...

The article presents and discusses the research results on the impact of RDE test dynamic parameters on the emission of selected exhaust components. The measurements were carried out in compliance with the latest legislative procedures applicable to passenger cars. Two passenger cars with similar curb weight, equipped with gasoline engine, were sel...

The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars with different drives. For this purpose, cars of one type were selected, meeting the same exhaust toxicity standard (Euro 6c) and differing in used internal combustion engines (with spark-ignition, compression-ignition and hybrid drive). Sever...

The article presents the issues concerning the specific distance emission test results comparison of the exhaust gases from vehicles with Diesel engines. The tests in real driving conditions included: (in the first stage) the test on the proposed test route, based on the type approval test parameters and (in the second stage) testing in accordance...

The article discusses the use of an in-cylinder catalyst, which allows the reduction of harmful exhaust compounds emissions during the internal combustion engine operation. It is a type of exhaust gas aftertreatment system – however, its placement in the combustion chamber – thus as close to the combustion process as possible, allows counteracting...

Test results of exhaust emission sensitivity to engine operating conditions from a vehicle with a compression ignition engine have been analyzed. These results were determined in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and Malta, an original drive cycle developed at Poznan University of Technology. The tests i...

The article compares data obtained in road tests with the latest legislative proposals relating to various applications of internal combustion engines. Passenger car emission tests have been performed several times on the same test route in accordance with the RDE procedure guidelines, for which a dozen or so criteria must be met, including the dis...

In this study, two vehicles were tested under real driving conditions with gaseous exhaust emissions measured using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). One of the vehicles featured a hybrid powertrain with a spark ignition internal combustion engine, while the other vehicle featured a non-hybrid (conventional) spark ignition internal co...

The article presents considerations regarding determining the NOx emissions from auxiliary compression-ignition marine engines. In order to determine the real impact of a given object on air pollution, it is necessary to first carry out research aimed at determining its emission characteristics. Thus, it is necessary to conduct tests in real operat...

The article discusses the use of an internal catalyst, which allows to reduce the emission of harmful compounds during internal combustion engine operation. This is a type of exhaust aftertreatment system; however, its placement inside the combustion chamber, and thus closest to the combustion process, allows reducing the pollution at the source (t...

Emission of harmful compounds in the exhaust gases depends on the operating conditions of the engine and its technical condition. Therefore, the legislative activity is focused on the introduction of new diagnostic and research procedures. The preferred method is using probes with plurality of holes for multi-gas sampling from the entire cross-sect...

Evaluation of the exhaust emissions from aircraft engines applies to turbine engines with high values of thrust and power. This assessment is conducting on the basis of the guidelines contained in the standards introduced by ICAO Annex 16. It concerns the procedure for stationary tests according to the Landing/Take-off cycle (LTO). This test includ...

The process of fuel combustion in a diesel engine is determined by factors existing during liquid fuel injection and atomisation. The physicochemical properties of the fuel to a large extent decide upon the quality of this phase of cylinder fuelling. So it is important to ensure appropriate properties of a fuel affecting its atomisation and, as a r...

Emissions from aircraft engines represent a highly complex and important issue, which is related to the risk to human health. Particles emitted in urban areas and in the vicinity of airports affect air quality and have a particularly negative impact on airport workers. The development of measurement techniques and the methodology for evaluating exh...

The paper presents the results of examination of particulate matter emission from the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT simultaneously fuelled with diesel oil and natural gas CNG. The basic premise for engine adaptation was the addition of a small amount of CNG to reduce exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. At this assumption, diesel oil re...

Air transport is the youngest and most dynamically developing branch of transport. Growth in demand for air transport, both passenger and freight, is caused by the competitiveness of this branch primarily in terms of time and transport safety. An increase in the volume of air traffic is associated with increased emissions, which is particularly imp...

The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars. Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a number of criteria to be met. These criteria include: the length of the measuring segments, their overall test time share,...

Designing of modern transport systems involves the need to meet a large number of requirements. The influence of designed road infrastructure on the environment is very wide and important. The most valid aspect in this case is the reduction of emissions of harmful compounds by increasing the fluency of vehicles flow and building collision free road...

Due to the growing demand for traditionally sourced fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas, it became necessary to search for new unconventional sources of these raw materials. The latest results of research work targeted the exploration and exploitation of resources of yet another type of fuel – shale gas. According to estimates, Poland alone may...

The introduction of new emission limits for exhaust emissions of ship engines contributes to the development of new powertrain solutions. New solutions in the simplest approach concern the reduction of the concentration of sulfur in motor fuels. Typically, the aforementioned fuels have a lower value of viscosity which causes a number of supply syst...

New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions o...

The use of internal combustion engines as the drive for heavy-duty vehicles forces these engines to be tested on an engine dynamometer. Thus, these engines operate under forced conditions, which are significantly different from their actual application. To assess the ecology of such vehicles (or more accurately the engine alone) the emission of pol...

The development of biomethane and hydrogen technology in the road transport in the EU countries is recommended, among the others, in the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2014/94/EU of 22 October 2014. Under the provisions of the said Directive, it is recommended to EU countries to use biomethane and progressively ensure acces...

New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions o...

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, one of the major challenges of humanity was to reduce the negative effects of civilization development. Besides the engines used in road vehicles there is a large group of engines for non-road applications. This group includes motor propelled vehicles not used on the road NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery...

W artykule dokonano oceny korzystności zastosowania pojazdów szynowo-drogowych w prowadzeniu prac manewrowych na torach, zamiast stosowanych powszechnie, spalinowych lokomotyw manewrowych. Skupiono się głównie na aspektach ekologicznych – emisji toksycznych substancji w spalinach. Przedstawiono w nim między innymi przykładowe wyniki badań emisji za...

The article presents the results of studies conducted in the area adjacent to the airport located in Poznan, to determine the impact of aircraft landing operation on the concentration of particulate matter. Measurements were carried out using Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer 3090, enabling the measurement of the particle size distribution...

The article presents a study on emission measurements in passenger cars in tests conducted under real traffic conditions – Real Driving Emissions using a Portable Emission Measurement System type of equipment. A special feature of the outlined RDE tests is that they were performed in Polish road conditions, and thus their parameters may differ from...

Helicopters are used in a variety of tasks like sea, mountain and land search and rescue, civil transportation or military operations. Their amount is growing, their ceiling is usually low, however, the exhaust emission from their engines is not restricted by any directive. That is why an attempt was made to determine the real exhaust emission. The...

The article contains an assessment of exhaust emission from jet engine powered by alternative fuel. The method of estimating the flow of exhaust gases from the turbine engine based on air-fuel ratio was used and an assessment of its accuracy was carried out. During the study the concentration of major harmful gaseous compounds: carbon dioxide, carb...

This article presents the results of research carried out under real motion of the vehicle in the mountainous terrain, taking into account information related to the topography of the area. The object of the research was an SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) with Gasoline and Diesel engine (Euro 5 emission standard). Using portable measurement system, wer...

The paper presents results of the road tests of exhaust gas emissions of vehicles of different emission classes (Euro 4 and Euro 5, with different mileage), fuelled with compressed natural gas. The tests of exhaust emissions were conducted on parts of the road with different characteristics of the traffic intensity. For each phase of the tests, the...

The paper presents the evaluation of the emissions of heavy duty vehicles equipped with combustion engines powered by diesel. The article includes a comprehensive ecological analysis of the vehicle according to the latest environmental test procedures defined by the European Union with the use of mobile gas analyzers, as well as the interpretation...

The article includes an analysis of the effect of terrain topography on vehicle's energy intensity expressed in its motion resistance, at the same time the operating conditions of the engine have been evaluated in such conditions. Previous studies of the energy intensity of vehicles refer to flat areas and only those are reflected in laboratory tes...

The article concerns the analysis of the environmental performance of public buses equipped with combustion engines powered by alternative fuel. The paper presents selected results of the emission measurement of buses carried out in two stages: normal driving and consistent with the principles of eco-driving. Analysis of the results is a comparison...

The article presents an analysis of the size distribution of particulate matters emitted from jet engine. Measurements were carried out in stationary conditions simulating real operating conditions of the jet engine. The study was performed for the three initial phases of engine operation: start-up, warm-up and steady-state operation. The obtained...

Article refers to the study of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of buses: powered CNG and diesel oil in the domestic real traffic conditions. The analysis is comparative in nature. This paper presents the characteri-stics of concentration and intensity of harmful exhaust emissions and mileage fuel consumption by the above buses. Applications...

The article presents analysis of dimensional distribution of particulate matter emitted by jet engine. The analysis consisted in evaluation of the effect using biofuel as a aviation fuel additive on dimensional distribution of PM. Measurements were carried out in laboratory conditions and consequently the characteristic particulate matter diameters...

The article presents the results of measurements exhaust emissions from jet engine GTM-120. The test stand was equipped with basic sensors: shaft speed, exhaust gas temperature and thrust. The test engine was powered by Jet A-1 fuel with 50-percent addition of bioester. During the study the concentration of major harmful gaseous compounds: carbon d...

This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of...

Exhaust emissions tests of engines for various applications are related to determination the concentration of harmful compounds and the mass of flowing exhaust. Modern measuring equipment enables fast measurement the concentration of compounds in the exhaust and also allows measurement the mass of flowing exhaust but with a relatively low speed. Th...

Revising and analysing the emission tests conducted in real traffic conditions, a tendency to conduct measurements in urban and suburban areas with not diversified site topography can be observed. This article presents the results of tests conducted in real traffic conditions in the mountainous area, taking into account the natural topography chara...

The analysis of dynamic real traffic conditions of combustion engines can be reduced to the analysis of a given parameter with the following coordinates: vehicle speed – vehicle acceleration. Such a definition is similar to the analysis of the static characteristics of engines using coordinates of engine speed – engine load. If the whole vehicle wi...

The form, size and composition of particulate matter depend to a large extent on location and temperature within the system: the cylinder - the exhaust system - the surroundings, where, depending on type of tests conducted, the particles are captured for measurements. For this reason, the most widely accepted way of defining particulate matter cont...

According to the definition of particles, testing them requires dilution of the exhaust gas in the dilution tunnel at full or partial flow. Additional considerations to be taken into account when measuring are the degree of dilution, the mass of the filter before and after the measurement, the air humidity and the sample collection time. Tests of p...

The possibility of establishing a correlation between the mass (or mass concentration) of particles and their number (or number concentration) seems to be interesting. This is a new research task, which due to the lack of clear regulations, has not been performed so far. Published results, e.g. in [5, 7, 8] differ substantially, different because o...