J. S. Mandeep

• National University of Malaysia

Satellite channels suffer from heavy fading due to the atmospheric impairments at high frequencies. Therefore, channel estimation is essential for coherent detection and demodulation in satellite-coded systems. The conventional minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator (the theoretical upper bound) requires a prior knowledge about the channel stat...

In this article, a unique metamaterial (MTM) structure is presented that exhibits four resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) that fall into S, X, and Ku bands. The MTM design is initiated on a Rogers (RT5880) substrate with an electrical dimension of 0.088 λ × 0.088 λ (λ is calculated at 3.424 GHz). The resonating patch contains four quartil...

Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) used to be alone at the C-Band spectrum in most countries. Since the deployment of 5G in many countries (i.e., 3.3 - 3.6GHz), FSS is not the exclusive system in the C-Band anymore. In order to minimize the detrimental interference for the FSS to allowable levels, regional exclusion zones of maximum radiated power in 5...

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In this article, a broadband metamaterial (MTM) absorber is proposed that exhibits near-unity absorption in the terahertz regime. The proposed metamaterial absorber was initiated on a quartz (fused) substrate, whereas the resonator and backplane are constructed with tungsten. The resonator is designed with a square ring loaded with a face-to-face E...

In this paper, the design of a new wideband circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna is presented. The design principle of this antenna is different from the conventional monopole antennas. The antenna complies with an asymmetric microstrip-line feed modified etched rectangular radiator printed on top of a substrate. Another radiator is printed on t...

This paper proposes a Microwave Imaging System (MIS) for brain stroke detection. In the MIS, the primary challenge is to improve in terms of cost, size, and stroke image quality. Thus, the main contribution of this work is the economy and the compact rotation platform integrated with an array of nine antipodal Vivaldi antenna in circular arrangemen...

The extension of the digital video broadcasting second generation standard (DVB-S2X) for transmission over satellite has been introduced recently with its novel superframe structure, which is a key enabler for applying interference management techniques, such as precoding, to multibeam high throughput geosynchronous (GEO) satellite systems operatin...

This paper describes and analyzes a new technique used in Q-slot antenna to generate circular polarization (CP). The CP characteristics were investigated carefully by studying the surface current distribution, the phase difference between the left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right hand circular polarization (RHCP) at some resonant frequen...

Microwave imaging is the technique to identify hidden objects from structures using electromagnetic waves that can be applied in medical diagnosis. The change of dielectric property can be detected using microwave antenna sensor, which can lead to localization of abnormality in the human body. This paper presents a stacked type modified Planar Inve...

In this study, a novel fractal ring antenna with a compact size of 24×9×0.8 mm3 was configured using three iterations. Low profile, circular polarization, and measured operating bands (4.5–6.5 GHz) meet specifications of the upper band used in Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications. The antenna featured, stable radiation properties, especially gain and effic...

This paper presents a microstrip antenna-based sensor for detecting salt and sugar in water. The patch antenna is low-cost and low-profile and is modeled to transmit and receive an electromagnetic signal. The presented antenna consists of a crescent-shaped patch and slotted partial ground. The compact size of the antenna is 32 mm × 22 mm. High-freq...

Nanosatellite are revolutionizing the modern satellite industry due to their size, cost and shorter development time. CubeSats have limited communication ability due to their limited volume and power. As a result, their components need to be very small. In this paper, a small circular polarized x-band patch antenna is proposed for 1U nanosatellite...

This paper presents a dual-band meta-inspired antenna operating at WLAN 2.4 GHz and WiMAX 2.5 and 5 GHz. The proposed antenna size is 35×35×1.6 mm3. A lefthanded metasurface providing negative refractive index is used as a patch and as a ground of the antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip feeding methods. The antenna is designed on fiberglass c...

A 3D antenna design followed by metamaterial unit cell is presented in this paper for portable microwave imaging system to scan human head. The proposed antenna is based on bounded H-shaped 10×10 mm2 unit cell. FR4 lossy material is used as substrate for the box shaped design. 3×3 array of the unit cell is used as ground. Another array of unit cell...

Thunderstorm prediction is very important for Human activity particularly for the critical area. Since the initial of Malaysian eArly warNing of ConvectIve System (MANCIS) was constructed using ANFIS Human Expert model to predict thunderstorm activity, the capability of this model to predict thunderstorm activity are tested. A model in the MANCIS s...

The onset and withdrawal of the Northeast Monsoon over Malaysia is characterized by variability in its occurrence. This study uses the Wind Steadiness Index method, coupled with observations of accumulated precipitation, to determine the Northeast Monsoon onset and withdrawal dates. (Seasons in focus are from 2011/2012 to 2015/2016.) Then, further...

The main purpose of the research is to develop a Greenhouse Gases monitoring system (GHG) data logger using the microcontroller Netduino 3 WiFi. The GHG monitoring system has the capability to measure the surface meteorological data (pressure, temperature, and relative humidity) and compute the precipitable water vapor (PWV) using the ANFIS PWV mod...

In this paper, we report a compact and ultra-wide band antenna on a flexible substrate using the 5-(4-(perfluorohexyl)phenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde compound for microwave imaging. In contrast to other microwave based imaging systems, such as an array of 16 antennas, we proposed a bi-static radar based imaging system consisting of two omnidirectio...

A compact and flexible dielectric substrate with efficient electromagnetic performances both in flat and bending conditions are presented in this paper. The proposed substrates, for potential microwave radiator applications have been fabricated from Mn doped zinc ferrite compounds by sol-gel method. Prepared MnxZn(1-x)Fe2O4, (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6...

A semi-circle looped vertically omnidirectional radiation (VOR) patterned tag antenna for UHF (919–923 MHz for Malaysia) frequency is designed to overcome the impedance mismatch issue in this paper. Two impedance matching feeding strips are used in the antenna structure to tune the input impedance of the antenna. Two dipole shaped meandered lines a...

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most influential technologies of the twenty-first century. Today, RFID technology is being applied in a wide array of disciplines in science research and industrial projects. The significant impact of RFID is clearly visible by the rate of academic publications in the last few years. This article...

In this article, a compact antenna is proposed using new microwave dielectric ceramic (MDC) substrate for 5G millimetre wave application. The distinctive novelties exhibited in this article are used of MDCs substrate material for antenna designing and performances analysis for wireless communication. The proposed antenna achieves impedance bandwidt...

A miniaturized multiband printed antenna designed for high dielectric ceramic filled Bio plastic composite material is presented. The multiband antenna formed by Y shaped patch with a partial ground plane. The performance benchmarks of the proposed antenna have been experimentally verified by fabricating a printed prototype. The experimental result...

Nanocrystalline spinel mixed ferrites are well known for their sensing application. However, they have not been explored much for microwave applications. The microwave dielectric properties of Mnx Zn(1−x)Fe2O4 were studied to find their utilization as an antenna substrate for microwave wave applications. The sol–gel method was employed to synthesiz...

In this paper, a cognitive closed access multi-element antenna-specific femtocell protocol is presented. Femtocell is considered as the preeminent solution for indoor coverage in long-term evaluation (LTE) and LTE-advanced networks. The protocol is verified using a patch antenna for LTE network. In a vast deployment of this mini base station, unwan...

K. Thanapakkiam, J.S. Mandeep and M.T. Islam from the National University of Malaysia present the structure, prototype and measurements of a rectangular radiator antenna for UHF EFID applications. The researchers have designed a wideband rectangular radiator antenna for UHF EFID applications with a modified printed antenna. The design consists of t...

This study utilizes the precipitable water vapor (PWV) parameter retrieved from ground-based global positioning system (GPS) to detect warming activity in Peninsular Malaysia from 2008 to 2011. Daily average of GPS PWV and surface meteorology data taken from six selected stations over Peninsular Malaysia are analyzed. Prior to warming detection, GP...

The leadframe fabrication process normally involves additional thin-metal layer plating on the bulk copper substrate surface for wire bonding purposes. Silver, tin, and copper flakes are commonly adopted as plating materials. It is critical to assess the density of the plated metal layer, and in particular to look for porosity or voids underneath t...

Due to the prevailing impact of rain on microwave and millimetre wave propagation in tropical climates, fade margins derived from experimental campaigns would provide more practical estimates for planning. In this paper, the extent of work done on the experimental assessment of the attenuation induced by rain on practical earth-space links in Niger...

This study is aimed to clarify the ability of precipitable water vapor (PWV) index variability in detecting the air pollutants concentration in Banting, Selangor. For that purpose, we have developed the PWV index using the fuzzy clustering (Fuzzy C-Means (FCM)). There are five categories of PWV index, namely “Very Low”, “Low”,” Moderate”, “High” an...

The effect of climatic global change has altered the meteorological factor of the ITU model especially in the lower atmosphere. The refractivity results obtained in an active tropical region of West Africa need to be reappraised. A model known as the Tropic model was derived and tested using NOAA data set. The data set were obtained from Meteorolog...

For succeed the early warning system development programme for space activity plan at Tawau, Sabah Malaysia, we studied the variation of rainfall and precipitation over convective system activity. We use five variables data such as the surface meteorological data (Pressure, Temperature and Relative Humidity), rainfall data, and precipitation. The s...

This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a modified square loop antenna design for UHF RFID applications that is excited through a narrow feed line connected to a square loop, an impedance matching network. The square loop dimensions are modified to reach a conjugate impedance matching. A gap is fixed between the feed-lines to link the ch...

Radio frequency identification systems aid in fast identification of tagged objects simultaneously, by means of radio signals. However, when radio frequency signals are emitted simultaneously, there is a probability of collision occurrence because of which the identification process may fail, and thereby resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore...

This paper presents the performance of a dual-band H-shaped patch antenna for DCS and WLAN applications. The proposed antenna employs a microstrip feed line and a FR4 substrate on which an H-shaped slot is cut using the etching technique. This structure radiates for Digital Communication System DCS (1.710-1.880) GHz and for Local Area Network WLAN...

A meander stripline feed multiband microstrip antenna loaded with metasurface reflector (MSR) structure has been designed, analyzed and constructed that offers the wireless communication services for UHF/microwave RFID and WLAN/WiMAX applications. The proposed MSR assimilated antenna comprises planar straight forward design of circular shaped radia...

Rainfall is a major destructive factor which severely reduces the quality and reliability of propagated signals in satellite communications. Hence, rain-attenuation prediction plays a vital role in the satellite radio link planning and engineering.

A circular polarized highly directional S band patch antenna for small satellite applications has been proposed in this invention. The proposed antenna comprises of a square ground plane and two circular radiating patches with annular circular slot fed by a coaxial probe. The circular slot in the radiating patch is responsible for creating resonanc...

Recent advances in satellite communication technologies in the tropical regions have led to significant increase in the demand for services and applications that require high channel quality for mobile satellite terminals. Determination and quantification of these requirements are important to optimize service quality, particularly in the Malaysian...

Recent advances in satellite to land mobile terminal services and technologies, which utilize high frequencies with directional antennas, have made the design of an appropriate model for land mobile satellite (LMS) channels a necessity. This paper presents LMS channel model at Ku-band with features that enhance accuracy, comprehensiveness, and reli...

Presented in this paper is an empirical model for long-term rain attenuation prediction and statistical prediction of site diversity gain on a slant path. Rain attenuation prediction on a slant path is derived using data collected from tropical regions, and the formula proposed is based on Gaussian distribution. The proposed rain attenuation model...

In this paper, rain characteristics and slant path rain attenuation at 30 and 40GHz using synthetic storm techniques over seven tropical locations in Nigeria have been presented. The technique can be used to predict the local first-order statistical rain attenuation to mitigate the severe fade experienced at higher frequency bands by employing loca...

To develop a successful model of Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) for space activity plan, we characterized the surface meteorological data (pressure, temperature, relative humidity) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) over Tawau, Malaysia. Global Positioning System (GPS) and surface meteorological data from 1 January 2009 to 30 December 2011 are p...

Flash flood hazard in Klang Valley becomes an annual problem among urban folks, especially during the winter monsoon. Three cases of flash flood have been identified in 2013 as a case 1 for 1 September, case 2 for 31 October and case 3 for 13 December. This paper discussed a variation of Global Positing System (GPS) Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) r...

Heavy rainfall over Malaysia occurs predominantly during the northeast monsoon season. Outbreaks of cold polar air over the South China Sea, known as cold surges, contribute to the onset of northeast monsoon precipitation. This study uses gridded reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project 1 to calculate a cold surge index. This index is then...

Zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide (ZnO–rGO) thin films were fabricated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate by a chemical bath deposition method. The thin films were immersed in the Eosin Y dye for 24 and 48 h to be fabricated as a dye-sensitized solar cell. ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fie...

Klang Valley is a focal area of Malaysian economic and business activities where the local weather condition is very important to maintain its reputation. Heavy rainfall for more than an hour was reported for up to 40 and 35 mm in September and October 2013 respectively. Based on these cases, we investigated the water vapour, rainfall, surface mete...

Radio refractivity is computed from the measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity made in Alcure (7.15 degrees N, 5.12 degrees E), Nigeria using Davies 6162 wireless vantage Pro2 Weather Stations (Integrated Sensor Suite, ISS). Measurements are taken at five different levels starting from the ground surface to 200 m al...

In an attempt to study the effects of global climate change in the tropics for improving global climate model, this paper aims to detect the ENSO events, especially El Nino phase by using ground-based GPS receivers. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS) Meteorology measurements in line with the sea surface...

Surface radio refractivity studies are being carried out in Akure, \((7.15^{\circ }\hbox {N}, 5.12^{\circ }\hbox {E})\) South-Western Nigeria, by in-situ measurement of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity using Wireless Weather Station (Integrated Sensor Suit, ISS). Five years of measurement (January, 2007–December, 2011) were...

Tropospheric scintillation is a phenomenon that will cause signal degradation in satellite communication with low fade margin. Few studies of scintillation have been conducted in tropical regions. To analyze tropospheric scintillation, we obtain data from a satellite link installed at Bandung, Indonesia, at an elevation angle of 64.7° and a frequen...

A low profile, compact dual band slotted patch antenna has been designed using finite element method-based high frequency full-wave electromagnetic simulator. The proposed antenna fabricated using LPKF printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication machine on fiberglass reinforced epoxy polymer resin material substrate and the performance of the prototype...

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles for silver ink formation has attracted broad interest in the electronic part printing and semiconductor chip industry due to the extraordinary electrical and mechanical properties of these materials. The preparation of silver nanoparticles through a physical or chemical reduction process is the most common meth...

Cloud impairments have significant effect on signal propagated in the satellite to land stationary terminals channel at frequencies above 10 GHz. With the recent satellite to land mobile terminals network technologies and services that use these frequencies, there is a lack of channel impairments modeling and analysis for such type of link. This st...

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is now one of the most important modulation techniques due to its advantages. Despite its ability to overcome the equalization problem, multipath fading channels, and other issues, this system has a serious problem concerning the high output peaks with respect to the average power, which is called the peak...

Cloud cover statistics and their diurnal variation have been obtained from in situ and satellite measurements for three equatorial locations. Cloud liquid water content, 0 °C isotherm height and cloud attenuation have also been obtained from radiosonde measurement using the so-called Salonen model at Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The results show a stro...

Klang Valley is a focal area of Malaysian economic and business activities where the local weather condition is very important to maintain its reputation. Heavy rainfalls for more than an hour were reported up to 40 mm in September 2013 and 35 mm in October 2013. Both events are monitored as the first and second cases of flash flood, respectivel...

In this article, a new high-gain wideband L-probe proximity-fed circular patch antenna using electrically thick substrate is proposed. By employing a dual-patch microstrip antenna excited by two L-probes, the bandwidths requirement for the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and microwave radio frequency identification (RFID) application are met. The antenna...

One-minute tropospheric scintillation data recorded in Philippines over 3 years have been collected for analysis using a Superbird C Satellite (144°E) at 12.2 GHz with an antenna elevation angle of 58.8°. The results obtained from the analysis of seasonal variations and different tropospheric scintillation models proposed by various authors have be...

Circularly polarized (CP) dual frequency cross-shaped slotted patch antenna on 1.575 mm thick glass microfiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite material substrate is designed and fabricated for satellite applications. Asymmetric cross-shaped slots are embedded in the middle of the square patch for CP radiation and four hexagonal...

The success of printing technology in the electronics industry primarily depends on the availability of metal printing ink. Various types of commercially available metal ink are widely used in different industries such as the solar cell, radio frequency identification (RFID) and light emitting diode (LED) industries, with limited usage in semicondu...

Analysis of the resonance response improvement of a planar C-band (4–8 GHz) antenna is proposed using parasitic element method. This parasitic element based method is validated for change in the active and parasitic antenna elements. A novel dual-band antenna for C-band application covering 5.7 GHz and 7.6 GHz is designed and fabricated. The antenn...

A double inverted F-shape patch antenna is presented for dual-band operation. The proposed antenna is comprised of circular and rectangular slots on a printed circuit board of 40 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm with a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line. Commercially available high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) based on the finite element method (FEM) ha...

A compact simple structure modified Swastika shape multiband patch antenna is designed and investigated. The antenna, which occupies an overall dimension of 0.305 × 0.305 × 0.012 at lower frequency, has a simple structure which comprises of a planar wide square slot in the ground with four slits and Swastika shape radiation patch with a rectangular...

The main objective of Radio Frequency Identification systems is to provide fast identification for tagged objects. However, there is always a chance of collision, when tags transmit their data to the reader simultaneously. Collision is a time-consuming event that reduces the performance of RFID systems. Consequently, several anti-collision algorith...

A compact quad band antenna for long-term evolution (LTE) MIMO and WLAN application in the handset is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna comprises two symmetrical quarter wavelength radiating strips and a slotted ground plane. On the ground plane, a T-shaped slot is cut from the bottom. Two symmetrical P-shaped slots are etched at both s...

OFDM is an important modulation technique currently in development in the field of communications systems. OFDM signals can combat multipath propagation and fading channels and can support large data rates. However, OFDM systems are multicarrier systems and experience problems due to the required summation of sinusoids when the in-phase subcarriers...

Total atmospheric absorption values due to oxygen and water vapor on terrestrial and Earth-space paths at frequencies between 1 GHz and 50 GHz were evaluated for 1% unavailability of an average year at two elevation angles of 5?? and 55??, which are typical for terrestrial and Earth-space links, respectively. Practical links to the Nigerian communi...

The use of site diversity as a mitigation technique to minimize the adverse effect of rain attenuation on microwave links above 10 GHz is investigated. The work presents the analysis of weather radar and beacon data for the simulation and performance evaluation of site diversity system in South-East Asia. The impact of link parameters on site diver...

This paper presents an enhanced rain rate model based on ITU-R 837-6 rain rate prediction. The improved model is derived from well behaved cumulative distribution function of over 100 rainfall rate samples from tropical region. The performance evaluation results show an improvement of −24.93 and 16.67 % in term of bias and root mean square of the r...

A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed printing and wide circular slotted, dual band antenna for Wi-Fi/WiMAX applications are presented. The antenna mainly encompasses a ground with a wide circular slot in the centre, a rectangular feeding strip, and two pairs of symmetric planar inverted L (SPIL) strips connecting with the slotted ground. The tuning effec...

This paper presents a printed wide-slot antenna design and prototyping on available low-cost polymer resin composite material fed by a microstrip line with a rotated square slot for bandwidth enhancement and defected ground structure for gain enhancement. An I-shaped microstrip line is used to excite the square slot. The rotated square slot is embe...

The main of this study is to study effect of rain attenuation during the annual and worst month towards communication link especially in the region where heavy rain is a main factor to signal degeration at high frequencies above 10 GHz. Spectral congestion due to the high demand in satellite communication has enforced the development of the convent...

A low profile, compact dual band slotted patch antenna has been designed using finite element method-based high frequency full-wave electromagnetic simulator. The proposed antenna fabricated using LPKF printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication machine on fiberglass reinforced epoxy polymer resin material substrate and the performance of the prototype...

A single layer of equilateral triangular patch antenna is achieved, which operates at 870 MHz and 2.45 GHz suitable for UHF and microwave radio frequency identification application. By shaping the corners of triangular patch, the antenna excites the radiation modes of TM10 and TM21 and suppresses the unwanted TM20 mode to give boresight of directed...

A compact N-shaped dual band patch antenna loaded by shorting pin is designed. The lessening in patch size is achieved by perturbing the surface current path on the edge of a circular patch antenna by two triangular slots which make the patch as N-shaped. The dual wideband is achieved by combining two triangular slots and shorting pin. Simulated re...

Materials have a vital effect on satellite communications. Using PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) composite ceramic material, a fractal triangular shape multiband satellite application antenna has presented in this paper. Different kinds of material substrate are used for analysis in the proposed antenna design and depicted their antenna characterist...